ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine whether or not developmental potential impacts clinical outcomes, when good grade blastocysts from Days 5 and 6 were transferred in frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles. METHODS: 654 women, including 460 (70.33%) on Day 5 and 194 (29.66%) on Day 6 were analyzed, in which 905 Day-5 and 274 Day-6 blastocysts were transferred. Only grade AA, AB, BA, BB quality and expansion grade between 3-6 (Gardner grading system) blastocysts survived and were included. RESULTS: The implantation rate was higher, 41.9% (379/905) in normal Day-5 compared to delayed Day-6 blastocyst transfers - 36.5% (100/274), but not significant (p=0.1). The clinical pregnancy rate was similar and not significant (p=0.4) in normal Day-5 (32.4%), compared to delayed Day-6 (35%). Miscarriage rates were higher in normal Day-5 (13.3%) compared to delayed Day-6 (6.3%) blastocyst transfers but were not significant (p=0.06). On the other hand, the biochemical pregnancy rate was significantly higher (p=0.001) in the delayed Day-6 blastocysts (16.7%) transfer group compared to patients with normal Day-5 (2.4%) blastocyst transfers. Two patients had ectopic pregnancies from the delayed Day-6 blastocyst transfer group. Live-Birth rates were significantly higher in Day-5 blastocysts compared to Day-6 (p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: The developmental potential of embryos should not be considered a negative influence on pregnancy outcomes, especially good grade blastocysts vitrified on Days 5 and 6. Fully expanded blastocysts on Day-5 are considered similar in terms of outcomes to delayed Day-6 blastocysts; however, live-birth rates are significantly higher in Day-5 blastocysts.
Subject(s)
Birth Rate , Pregnancy Outcome , Blastocyst , Cryopreservation , Embryo Culture Techniques , Embryo Transfer , Female , Humans , Live Birth/epidemiology , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Outcome/epidemiology , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Herein we report synthesis of hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanorods by calcinating hydrothermally synthesized goethite nanorods at 5000C. The structural, optical and MRI imaging guided cancer therapeutic properties of fabricated nanorods have been discussed in this manscript. FESEM and TEM imaging techniques were used to confirm the nanorod like morphology of as prepared materials. As we know that Fe2O3 nanorods with size in the range of 25-30 nm exhibit super magnetism. After coating with the PEG, the as prepared nanorods can be used as T2 MR imaging contrast agents. An excellent T2 MRI contrast of 38.763 mM-1s-1 achieved which is highest reported so far for α-Fe2O3. Besides the as prepared nanorods display an excellent photothermal conversion efficiency of 39.5% thus acts as an excellent photothermal therapeutic agent. Thus, we envision the idea of testing our nanorods for photothermal therapy and MR imaging application both in vitro and in vivo, achieving an excellent T2 MRI contrast and photothermal therapy effect with as prepared PEGylated nanorods.
Subject(s)
Ferric Compounds/chemistry , Nanotubes/chemistry , Animals , Biocompatible Materials/chemistry , Cell Line , Cell Survival , Female , Ferric Compounds/toxicity , HeLa Cells , Humans , In Vitro Techniques , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Materials Testing , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Mice, Nude , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Nanotubes/toxicity , Nanotubes/ultrastructure , Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology , Neoplasms, Experimental/therapy , Phototherapy/methods , Polyethylene Glycols/chemistry , Spectrum Analysis, Raman , X-Ray DiffractionABSTRACT
Vascular variations should be considered seriously, since the majority of these are incidental findings during surgeries or catheterization. A prior knowledge of the possible existence of variations in the veins, especially in the vena cava, is necessary for surgeons, radiologists, or anaesthesiologists, since central catheterization procedures have been increased over the years. We are presenting double superior vena cavae, bilaterally symmetrical azygos veins, and an incomplete left circumflex coronary artery, which were noted during routine dissection of a 65-year-old male cadaver. Knowledge of the combination of these variations makes this case significant during cardiothoracic surgeries. The embryological basis and clinical significance of the abovementioned vascular aberrations have been discussed (AU)
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