ABSTRACT
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is considered a chronic disease. Antiretroviral therapy has allowed persons with HIV (PLWHIV) to achieve the 90-90-90 objectives proposed by the World Health Organization for 2020; but an additional challenge is getting an adequate health-related quality of life. A determining factor in the health-related quality of life of PLWHIV is the health care they perceive to receive. In this sense, we aimed to assess the perception of the outpatient care provided and to identify possible areas for improvement in a single-center, cross-sectional study at the HIV unit of Hospital Clínic, Barcelona. We sought patient reported experience measures by an anonymous e-survey with 11 statements based on a 1 to 6 Likert scale, and a final question measuring user satisfaction and loyalty through the Net Promoter Score (NPS). All PLWHIV with at least a clinical visit between January 1, 2020 and October 14, 2021 were invited. Of 5493 PLWHIV e-mailed, 1633 (30%) responded to the survey. The overall evaluation of clinical care was very favorable. The evaluation of the physical environment and facilities and the time spent in the waiting room received the lowest scores. According to the Net Promoter Score test results, 66% of respondents were willing to recommend this service, and 11% were not. Thus, monitoring patient reported experience measures in PLWHIV actively receiving outpatient care in our hospital allowed to identify the users' perception on quality of the care received, to determine the rate of satisfaction with the care, and to identify areas for improvement.
Subject(s)
HIV Infections , Quality of Life , Adult , Humans , Cross-Sectional Studies , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Perception , Patient Reported Outcome Measures , Patient SatisfactionABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN: Una de las posibles etiologías de la rabdomiólisis son los fármacos, y entre ellos, las estatinas. Especialmente simvastatina y lovastatina tienen un elevado metabolismo hepático, por lo que están más sujetas a interacciones con otros fármacos que puedan reducir su metabolismo y aumentar su toxicidad. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Se describe un caso clínico de una paciente infectada por el VIH en tratamiento antirretroviral que desarrolló rabdomiólisis, insuficiencia renal y hepatotoxicidad grave tras la sustitución de atorvastatina por simvastatina. Se revisan los casos descritos en la literatura. RESULTADOS: La paciente requirió ingreso hospitalario y evolucionó favorablemente tras hidratación y alcalinización de la orina, recuperando su estado basal. Existen 4 casos publicados, de los cuales uno falleció. CONCLUSIONES: Las interacciones farmacológicas pueden aumentar el riesgo de rabdomiólisis por estatinas. Para evaluarlas es necesario que los facultativos de todos los niveles asistenciales conozcan todos los fármacos que reciben los pacientes y las asociaciones contraindicadas
INTRODUCTION: Drugs like statins may induce rhabdomyolysis. Simvastatin and lovastatin have a high hepatic metabolism and their potential toxicity could be increased by interactions with other drugs that reduce their metabolism. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A case-report is presented of an HIV-infected patient treated with antiretroviral drugs who developed a rhabdomyolysis-induced renal failure and liver toxicity when simvastatin was substituted for atorvastatin. A literature review is also presented. RESULTS: The patient required hospital admission and showed a favorable response after hydration and urine alkalinization. There were 4 additional cases published of which there was one death. CONCLUSIONS: Drug-drug interactions can increase the risk of statin induced rhabdomyolysis. In order to evaluate them properly, physicians at all levels of clinical care should be aware of all drugs prescribed to their patients and the contraindicated combinations
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Rhabdomyolysis/complications , Drug Interactions , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/complications , Renal Insufficiency/diagnosis , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors , Anti-Retroviral Agents , HIV Infections/complications , SimvastatinABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Drugs like statins may induce rhabdomyolysis. Simvastatin and lovastatin have a high hepatic metabolism and their potential toxicity could be increased by interactions with other drugs that reduce their metabolism. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A case-report is presented of an HIV-infected patient treated with antiretroviral drugs who developed a rhabdomyolysis-induced renal failure and liver toxicity when simvastatin was substituted for atorvastatin. A literature review is also presented. RESULTS: The patient required hospital admission and showed a favorable response after hydration and urine alkalinization. There were 4 additional cases published of which there was one death. CONCLUSIONS: Drug-drug interactions can increase the risk of statin induced rhabdomyolysis. In order to evaluate them properly, physicians at all levels of clinical care should be aware of all drugs prescribed to their patients and the contraindicated combinations.
Subject(s)
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/etiology , Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors/adverse effects , HIV Protease Inhibitors/adverse effects , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/adverse effects , Rhabdomyolysis/chemically induced , Ritonavir/adverse effects , Simvastatin/adverse effects , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , Atorvastatin/economics , Atorvastatin/therapeutic use , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/prevention & control , Comorbidity , Contraindications , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors/pharmacology , Drug Substitution/adverse effects , Drug Synergism , Dyslipidemias/chemically induced , Dyslipidemias/drug therapy , Female , HIV Infections/complications , HIV Infections/drug therapy , HIV Protease Inhibitors/pharmacology , HIV Protease Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Humans , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/economics , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute/chemically induced , Middle Aged , Rhabdomyolysis/prevention & control , Ritonavir/pharmacology , Ritonavir/therapeutic use , Simvastatin/economics , Simvastatin/pharmacology , Simvastatin/therapeutic useABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: High-risk human Papillomavirus infection is a necessary factor for cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions and invasive cervical cancer. In HIV-1-infected women, HPV infection is more prevalent and a higher risk of cervical cancer has been identified. We aimed to calculate the prevalence of infection by HR-HPV, determine the factors associated with this infection and abnormal cytology findings and to describe the history of cervical cancer screening in HIV-1-infected women. METHODS: We enrolled 479 HIV-1-infected women from the PISCIS cohort. Each patient underwent a gynecological check-up, PAP smear, HPV AND Hybrid capture, HPV genotyping, and colposcopy and biopsy, if necessary. We applied questionnaires to obtain information on sociodemographic, behavioral, clinical, and cervical screening variables. We present a cross-sectional analysis. RESULTS: Median age was 42 years. The prevalence of HR-HPV infection was 33.2% and that of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) was 3.8%. The most common genotypes were 16(23%), 53(20.3%), and 52(16.2%). The factor associated with HR-HPV infection was age <30 years (odds ratio[OR],2.5; 95%confidence interval[CI],1.1-5.6). The factors associated with the presence of HSIL or low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) were CD4T-lymphocyte count <200 cells/mm(3) versus >500 cells/mm(3) (OR,8.4; 95%CI,3.7-19.2), HIV-1 viral load >10,000 copies/mL versus <400 copies/mL (OR,2.1; 95%CI,1.0-4.4), and use of oral contraceptives (OR,2.0; 95%CI,1.0-3.9). Sixty percent of HIV-1-infected women had had one Pap smear within the last 2 years. CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of HPV infection and cervical lesions in the HIV-1-infected population in Catalonia, as well as the low coverage and frequency of screening in this group, means that better preventive efforts are necessary and should include vaccination against HPV, better accessibility to screening programs, training of health care professionals, and specific health education for HIV-1-infected women.