[The gas-liquid cromatography with mass spectrometry for the identification of yeasts]. / La cromatografía gas-líquido con espectrometría de masas en la identificación de levaduras.

Methods based on gas chromatography, have been used for identification of the yeasts. In order to know the value of the patterns obtained by this method, we have used this technique and mass spectrometry on 44 strains belonging to 16 genus and 21 species of collection yeasts, identifying the corresponding peaks to 22 fatty acids methyl esters by means of the reaction times of the corresponding standards and the confirmation of molecular weigh by mass spectrometry. The correlation coefficient was of 0.848965. The chromatographic technique seems of great utility for the determination of lipidotypes.

Tuberculosis multirresistente en la Bahía de Cádiz / Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in the Bay of Cadiz, Spain

Estudiamos 182 pacientes diagnosticados de tuberculosis con el fin de conocer la incidencia de multirresistencia en la Bahía de Cádiz. Las cepas responsables, 173 Mycobacterium tuberculosis y 9 M. hovis, se identificaron mediante hibridación con sondas y técnicas moleculares de RFLP (restriction fragment length Poli morphism) y spoligotyping (spacer oligonucle olido typing). Se detectó algún tipo de resistencia en 51 pacientes (28,0 por ciento), primaria en el 20,9 por ciento y secundaria en el 7, I por ciento. Encontramos cepas multirresistentes en un 12,6 por ciento de pacientes (23,1 por ciento VIII positivos v 8,5 por ciento VIH negativos). La tasa de multirresistencia en Cádiz es superior a las detectadas en otras zonas de España y se asocia preferentemente con infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (AU)

Aislamiento e identificación de una cepa de Nocardia en un paciente con infección respiratoria / Isolation and identification of an strain of Nocardia in a patient with a respiratory infection

No disponible

Microbiological characteristics and susceptibility patterns of strains of Rhodotorula isolated from clinical samples.

The members of the genus Rhodotorula show a marked ubiquity. In man, they have been isolated from faeces, nails, skin, sputum, digestive tract and adenoids, forming part of the normal human flora, although in recent years cases have been reported of both local and systemic infection by this yeast. There are virtually no studies in the literature on the sensitivity of this genus to the antifungal agents in common clinical use. Therefore, it is considered of interest to study the microbiological characteristics and the susceptibility patterns of Rhodotorula isolated from clinical samples. A total of 35 different strains of Rhodotorula were studied. In vitro susceptibility testing to 5-fluorocytosine, amphotericin B, ketoconazole, fluconazole and itraconazole was performed. All the strains were considered sensitive to 5-fluorocytosine, amphotericin B, ketoconazole and itraconazole and resistant to fluconazole. As a conclusion, we can state that all the antifungal agents tested, except fluconazole, are useful medicaments for the treatment of infections by the Rhodotorula genus.

[Usefulness of the CHROM-agar Candida culture medium in the differentiation and presumed identification of yeast of clinical interest]. / Utilidad del medio de cultivo CHROM-agar Candida para la diferenciación e identificación presuntiva de levaduras de interés clínico.

BACKGROUND: The efficiency of a novel differential culture medium, CHROM-agar Candida, is evaluated in order to differentiation and presumptive identification of clinically important yeasts. METHODS: We studied 600 clinical yeast strains, pertaining to 8 genera (Candida, Cryptococcus, Geotrichum, Rhodotorula, Trichosporon, Kluyveromyces, Pichia and Saccharomyces) and 27 species. Strains were previously identified by conventional methods and by commercial system ATB ID32C (Bio-Mérieux). RESULTS: Four species (C. albicans, C. krusei, C. tropicalis and t. beigelii) were presumptive recognized after 48-72 hours of incubation, regarding their colonial morphology and color. Colony color of other species showed low specificity. CONCLUSION: CHROM-agar Candida medium is recommended for recognition of mixed yeast cultures and differentiation of the common clinically yeast species.

Identification of yeasts by hydrolysis of amides.

We analysed the hydrolysis of 23 amides by 500 yeast and yeast-like strains isolated from clinical specimens, identified to species level by conventional methods, in order to verify the validity of this method of species identification. The results show that 10 of these amides (acetamide, acrylamide, alaninamide, formamide, glycinamide, propionamide, urea, thioacetamide, thiourea and valeramide) are sufficient to differentiate seven genera and 19 species, with an occasional requirement for three additional tests: cycloheximide susceptibility, surface film formation on liquid medium and ascospore formation. The study of the amidase activity in yeasts and yeast-like fungi seems to be a promising method of identifying strains isolated from clinical samples.

Identification of species of the Genus listeria by fermentation of carbohydrates and enzymatic patterns.

Patterns of carbohydrates and determination of API ZYM and API oxidases can be considered a useful way to differentiate the strains of Listeria. With all this information it is possible to work out a schematic table that allows the identification of Listeria strains with a remarkable certainty. By numerical analysis four differentiated clusters have been demonstrated.

[Prevalence of hepatitis B markers in the personnel of psychiatric hospitals]. / Prevalencia de marcadores de la hepatitis B entre el personal laboral de un hospital psiquiátrico.

The current rules and regulations in Spain state that those working in closed institutions, helping mentally disturbed patients, are considered personnel at risk for acquiring hepatitis B virus infection, without drawing distintions between professions and fields of work. The immunological state against HBV has been studied in a representative population group of workers of the Cadiz Provincial Psychiatric Hospital (82.90%). Our results show that the percentage of chronic carriers (3.15%) and those with other positive biological markers (30.07%) is greater than that found in the General hospitals of our country. Thus, the inclusion of this population group in preventive programs as well as vaccination programs against hepatitis B virus infection is totally justified.