ABSTRACT
Introducción: La obesidad infantil constituye uno de los principales problemas de salud de nuestro país, por su alta prevalencia y por el gran número de comorbilidades asociadas. Las cifras de presión arterial (PA) alta constituyen un factor de riesgo para enfermedad cardiovascular que se presenta de manera temprana en niños obesos, por lo cual es importante su diagnóstico desde edades tempranas. Objetivo: Determinar los niveles de PA en niños y adolescentes con sobrepeso y obesidad en el servicio de consulta externa de pediatría de un hospital de segundo nivel de atención en el noroeste de México. Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal de 155 niños entre 6 y 15 años de edad; a los participantes se les aplicó un cuestionario para datos sociodemográficos y se realizó medición de peso, talla, perímetro de cintura, PA de acuerdo a normas internacionales; se calculó el índice de masa corporal para clasificar grado de adiposidad según tablas y criterios de CDC 2010 (sobrepeso, obesidad, obesidad severa); las cifras de PA se clasificaron en niveles (normal, prehipertensión, hipertensión) de acuerdo a los propuestos en el cuarto reporte del grupo para el diagnóstico, evaluación y manejo de la hipertensión arterial en niños y adolescentes. Resultados: Se detectaron cifras de PA en niveles normales-altos y altos en el 20% y el 22% de la población estudiada. Los niveles de PA elevados se correlacionaron positivamente con el grado de adiposidad. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de cifras anormales de presión arterial en niños con exceso de adiposidad es alta, deben realizarse mediciones rutinarias en consultorio en todos los niños con factores de riesgo.
Introduction: Child obesity is one of the main health problems in our country because of its high prevalence as well as its number of associated morbidities. High arterial pressure (AP) is a risk factor to cardiovascular disease which arises early in obese children; therefore, it is important to establish its diagnosis in early stages. Objective: To determine the levels of AP among overweighed and obese children and adolescents in the external consultation service of a second level of attention hospital in Northwestern Mexico. Methods: This is an observational, descriptive and transversal study with 155 children and adolescents 6 to 15 years old. Participants were asked to fill a social and demographic data questionnaire, and their weight, size, waist perimeter, and AP were obtained in accordance to international norms. The corporal mass index was calculated in order to classify the degree of adiposity of the participants in terms of the CDC-2010 criteria and tables (overweighed, obese, and very obese). The levels of AP were classified as normal, pre-hypertension, and hypertension, following the criteria proposed in the fourth report of the group for the diagnosis, assessment, and management of arterial hypertension in children and adolescents. Results: Normal-high and high AP levels were detected in 20% and 22% of the population. High pressure levels correlated positively with the degree of adiposity. Conclusions: The prevalence of abnormal AP levels in children with an excess of adiposity is high. Ongoing corresponding measurements should be taken on children and adolescents with risk factors.
Resumo: Introdução: A obesidade infantil constitui um dos principais problemas de saúde de nosso país, por sua alta prevalência e pelo grande número de comorbidades associadas. As cifras de pressão arterial (PA) alta constituem um fator de risco para doença cardiovascular que se apresenta de maneira precoce em crianças obesas, pelo qual é importante seu diagnóstico desde idades precoces. Objetivo: Determinar os níveis de PA em crianças e adolescentes com sobrepeso e obesidade no serviço de consulta externa de pediatria de um hospital de segundo nível de atenção no noroeste do México. Métodos: Estudo observacional, descritivo, transversal de 155 crianças entre 6 e 15 anos de idade, aos participantes se lhes aplicou um questionário para dados sociodemográficos e realizou-se medição de peso, tamanho, perímetro de cinto, PA de acordo às normas internacionais; calculou-se índice de massa corporal para classifcar grau de adiposidade segundo tabelas e critérios de CDC 2010 (sobrepeso, obesidade, obesidade severa), as cifras de PA classificaram-se em níveis (normal, pre-hipertensão, hipertensão) de acordo aos propostos no quarto relatório do grupo para o diagnóstico, avaliação e manejo da hipertensão arterial em criançcas e adolescentes. Resultados: Detectaram-se cifras de PA em níveis normais-altos e altos em 20% e 22% da população estudada. Os níveis de PA elevados correlacionaram-se positivamente com o grau de adiposidade. Conclusões: A prevalência de cifras anormais de PA em crianças com excesso de adiposidade é alta, devem realizar-se medições rotineiras em consultório em todas as crianças com fatores de risco.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Child, Preschool , Adolescent , Overweight , Arterial PressureABSTRACT
The validation of natural products as source of functional foods or nutraceuticals has become an important issue in current health research. Thus, the present work has tested on MOLT-4 cells (human T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemic) the antiproliferative effect of a water-soluble enzymatic extract from rice bran (EERB). Present work shows that EERB induces cellular death in MOLT-4 cells in a dose-dependent way (0-10mg/mL) but not in non-tumoral lymphocytes. Flow cytometric analysis of MOLT-4 cells treated with EERB showed the presence of death cells by apoptosis rather than necrosis. Additionally, EERB also exerts an immunoactivatory effect on N13 microglia cells, by inducing TNF-alpha (tumour necrosis factor-α) expression, which plays a key role in the innate immune response to infection. Accordingly, we can propose EERB as a useful natural standardized extract with antiproliferative and immunoactivatory ability that would be beneficial to apply in the functional food field.
Subject(s)
Growth Inhibitors/pharmacology , Immunologic Factors/pharmacology , Oryza/chemistry , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Animals , Apoptosis/drug effects , Cell Line , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Growth Inhibitors/isolation & purification , Humans , Immunologic Factors/isolation & purification , Mice , Peptide Hydrolases/chemistry , Plant Extracts/isolation & purification , T-Lymphocytes/cytology , T-Lymphocytes/drug effects , T-Lymphocytes/immunology , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunologyABSTRACT
The antioxidant capacity of a water-soluble enzymatic extract from rice bran (EERB) has been tested in two cell models: keratinocyte monolayers and human reconstructed epidermis. Cells were incubated in culture medium in presence of different amounts of EERB and were UVB irradiated. Cell population assessment (MTT assay) and MDA (malonaldehyde) production were evaluated. The EERB did not induce cytotoxic effect for concentrations inferior or equal to 100 microg/mL. Human keratinocyte monolayers were protected of irradiation preventing 33% the lipid peroxidation process at concentration of 10 microg/ml of EEBR. In reconstructed human epidermis, 100 microg/mL decreased lipid peroxidation process by 44% (p<0.01) with regards to irradiated negative control. This effect was comparable to that of vitamin E at 600 microg/mL. Our data indicate that EERB is potentially able to efficiently counteract UVB-induced response. The EERB, diluted at 10% with water has very good skin compatibility. This product showed a sun protection factor of 4.8+/-0.3. Thus we can propose EERB as a useful natural standardized extract in skin photoprotection with promising applications in the field of dermatology.
Subject(s)
Epidermal Cells , Epidermis/drug effects , Free Radical Scavengers/pharmacology , Keratinocytes/drug effects , Oryza/chemistry , Radiation-Protective Agents/pharmacology , Sunscreening Agents/pharmacology , Ultraviolet Rays , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Cell Survival/drug effects , Coloring Agents , Cosmetics , Free Radical Scavengers/adverse effects , Free Radicals/chemistry , Humans , Irritants , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Malondialdehyde/chemistry , Peptide Hydrolases/chemistry , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Radiation-Protective Agents/adverse effects , Sunscreening Agents/adverse effects , Tetrazolium Salts , Thiazoles , Vitamin E/pharmacologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors associated with tuberculin reactivity in healthcare workers (HCWs). DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey of tuberculin reactivity (2 TU of purified protein derivative (PPD) RT23, using the Mantoux two-step test). SETTING: Two general hospitals located in a region with a high prevalence of tuberculosis and high bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) coverage. PARTICIPANTS: Volunteer sample of HCWs. RESULTS: 605 HCWs were recruited: 71.2% female; mean age, 36.4 (standard deviation [SD], 8.2) years; 48.9% nurses, 10.4% physicians, 26.8% administrative personnel; mean time of employment, 10.9 (SD, 6.7) years. PPD reactivity (> or =10 mm) was found in 390 (64.5%). Multivariate analysis revealed an association of tuberculin reactivity with occupational exposure in the hospital: participation in autopsies (odds ratio [OR], 9.3; 95% confidence interval [CI95], 2.1-40.5; P=.003.), more than 1 year of employment (OR, 2.4; CI95, 1.1-5.0; P=.02), work in the emergency or radiology departments (OR, 2.0; CI95, 1.03-3.81; P=.04), being physicians or nurses (OR, 1.5; CI95, 1.04-2.11; P=.03), age (OR, 1.04; CI95, 1.02-1.07 per year of age; P<.001), and BCG scar (OR, 2.1; CI95, 1.2-3.4; P=.005). CONCLUSIONS: Although the studied population has a high baseline prevalence of tuberculosis infection and high coverage of BCG vaccination, nosocomial risk factors associated with PPD reactivity were identified as professional risks; strict early preventive measures must be implemented accordingly.
