ABSTRACT
This study evaluated the effects of chromium yeast (Cr yeast) and two apparent metabolizable energy (AME) levels on productive performance, egg quality, and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in laying hens. A total of 192 Bovans White laying hens at 47 weeks of age were randomly assigned to eight dietary treatments (six replicates each) in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement: four levels of supplemental Cr (0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 ppm as Cr yeast) and two AME levels (2,780 and 2,900 kcal AME kg−1). No significant effect of Cr yeast supplementation on feed intake, egg weight, egg production, intact eggs, egg mass, feed conversion ratio, or egg quality was observed. Egg quality parameters and Cr content in the yolk were not affected by dietary treatments. Plasma glucose and lipid levels were not influenced by either Cr yeast or AME levels used in this study. However, Cr yeast supplementation improved yolk percentage and hepatic glycogen content. The inclusion of Cr yeast at 0.2 and 0.4 ppm induced the highest hepatic glycogen content with the energy levels 2,900 and 2,780 kcal AME kg−1, respectively. Laying hens fed 2,900 kcal AME kg−1 showed the highest abdominal fat. The results observed in the present study support the hypothesis that the lack of positive effects of Cr yeast supplementation on production performance and egg quality may be related to good management practices, as the birds were not subjected to stressful conditions.
Subject(s)
Animals , Yeasts , Chickens/blood , Chromium Compounds/administration & dosage , Eggs/analysis , Lipid Metabolism , Dietary Supplements/analysisABSTRACT
Os gatos desempenham papel importante na história da civilização humana já foram símbolo religioso, de poder e de magia, além de terem sido utilizados no controle de pragas. Sua adaptabilidade, pouca dependência, higiene e versatilidade têm situado o gato doméstico (Felis silvestris catus) como o animal de estimação mais popular da atualidade. Sendo assim, o estudo da sua individualidade tem despertado interesse por muitas razões. Em vista disto e buscando contribuir com o bem-estar de gatos domésticos e, consequentemente, melhorar o potencial da relação deste animal com o ser humano, este trabalho faz uma revisão de literatura sobre o comportamento social desta espécie.(AU)
Cats have always had an important part to play in human civilization they were religious, power and magic symbols, and saved humanity from pests. Its adaptability, independence and versatility have placed the cat as the most popular pet in actuality. Therefore the study of its individuality has raised interest for several. In aiming to contribute to the welfare of domestic cats and enhance the relation cat-human, this work brings a research revision of the social behavior of the domestic cat.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Social Behavior , Cats/classification , Socialization , TemperamentABSTRACT
Os gatos desempenham papel importante na história da civilização humana já foram símbolo religioso, de poder e de magia, além de terem sido utilizados no controle de pragas. Sua adaptabilidade, pouca dependência, higiene e versatilidade têm situado o gato doméstico (Felis silvestris catus) como o animal de estimação mais popular da atualidade. Sendo assim, o estudo da sua individualidade tem despertado interesse por muitas razões. Em vista disto e buscando contribuir com o bem-estar de gatos domésticos e, consequentemente, melhorar o potencial da relação deste animal com o ser humano, este trabalho faz uma revisão de literatura sobre o comportamento social desta espécie.
Cats have always had an important part to play in human civilization they were religious, power and magic symbols, and saved humanity from pests. Its adaptability, independence and versatility have placed the cat as the most popular pet in actuality. Therefore the study of its individuality has raised interest for several. In aiming to contribute to the welfare of domestic cats and enhance the relation cat-human, this work brings a research revision of the social behavior of the domestic cat.