FIRST REPORT OF CHEMICAL IMMOBILIZATION AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS FOR FREE-RANGING MANED SLOTH (BRADYPUS TORQUATUS), USING A COMBINATION OF KETAMINE AND MEDETOMIDINE.

The maned sloth (Bradypus torquatus) is an endemic and endangered species of two Brazilian states, with much unknown biological information needed to direct conservation actions. Other sloth species have been studied regarding anesthesia; however, there is a lack of anesthesia research for the maned sloth. Anesthetic data were collected from 12 free-range maned sloths that were immobilized for a field examination. Individuals were anesthetized using a combination of ketamine (4.0 mg/kg) and medetomidine (0.03 mg/kg), and antagonized with atipamezole (0.1 mg/kg). Time to induction and recovery were recorded and compared with sex and age classes. After the induction and until antagonist administration, physiological parameters (rectal temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation) were recorded every 10 min during anesthesia and were statistically evaluated over time. Induction was fast (3.21 ± 0.76), but recovery was longer (113.3 ± 18) when compared to other studies. Induction and recovery times were not different across sex or age classes. Rectal temperature, heart rate, and oxygen saturation remained stable throughout the procedure. Respiratory rate significantly decreased over time, from 18.25 ± 7.03 to 13.17 ± 3.66 movements per minute. Our results indicate that the described combination of ketamine and medetomidine is a safe and effective choice for anesthesia of maned sloths.

Leveraging cryoablation and checkpoint inhibitors for high-risk triple negative breast cancer.

Breast cancer is the second most common cancer among women in the United States in which the standard of care treatment is surgery with adjunctive therapy. Cryoablation, which destroys the tumor using extremely cold temperatures while preserving the potential tumor antigens, is a promising alternative to surgical resection. It is less invasive, cosmetically appeasing, cost-effective, and capable of contributing to the abscopal effect - the immune response targeting potential distant metastasis. However, to maximize the immunologic benefit of cryoablation in biologically high-risk breast cancers, combination with therapies that enhance immune activation, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) may be necessary. This mini review describes the fundamentals of cryoablation and treatment with ICIs, as well as discuss the caveats in both strategies and current clinical trials aimed to improve this approach to benefit patients.

Low Occurrence of Salmonella spp. in Wild Animals in Bahia, Brazil-Population Assessment and Characterization in the Caatinga and Atlantic Forest Biomes.

Salmonella spp. are known to persist in the environment. Wild animals are believed to act as important reservoirs, with antimicrobial resistance frequently occurring in the environment. However, little is known about the role of the wildlife in Bahia as a reservoir for Salmonella in Brazil. This study aimed to isolate and characterize Salmonella spp. from wildlife in the Atlantic Forest and Caatinga biomes considering indicators such as the animal species, degree of anthropization, sampling area, and feeding habits. Convenience wildlife sampling and characterization were conducted, followed by microbiological and molecular identification of Salmonella isolates, serotyping, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. A total of 674 fecal samples were collected from 12 municipalities during 2015-2021, and 4 were positive for the following Salmonella species: Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Agona (n = 1), Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serogroup O:16 (n = 2), and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Muenchen (n = 1). Antimicrobial susceptibility analysis revealed that one isolate was resistant to six antibiotics, including extended-spectrum penicillins and beta-lactamase inhibitors. These results indicated a low frequency of Salmonella spp. in the sampled forest fragments. The presence of Salmonella in wild animals increases the risk to public health and biodiversity and indicates that they can act as sentinels of environmental contamination or indicators of preservation.

Accuracy of direct examination and culture as compared to the anatomopathological examination for the diagnosis of chromoblastomycosis: a systematic review

Abstract Background: Chromoblastomycosis is a skin infection caused by dematiaceous fungi that take the form of muriform cells in the tissue. It mainly manifests as verrucous plaques on the lower limbs of rural workers in tropical countries. Objectives: The primary objective of this review is to evaluate the accuracy of diagnostic methods for the identification of chromoblastomycosis, considering the histopathological examination as the reference test. Methods: MEDLINE, LILACS and Scielo databases were consulted using the terms ‟chromoblastomycosis" AND ‟diagnosis". The eligibility criteria were: studies that evaluated the accuracy of tests for the diagnosis of chromoblastomycosis. Eleven studies were selected. Statistical analysis included the calculation of sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic methods. Results: Considering the histopathological examination as the reference test, the culture showed a sensitivity (S) of 37.5% - 90.9% and a specificity (Sp) of 100%; while direct mycological examination showed S = 50% - 91.6% and Sp of 100% . Considering the culture as the reference test, the serology (precipitation techniques) showed S of 36% - 99%; and Sp of 80% - 100%; while the intradermal test showed S of 83.3% - 100% and Sp of 99.4% - 100%. Study limitations: The small number of studies and very discrepant sensitivity results among them do not allow the calculation of summary measures through a meta-analysis. Conclusions: Direct mycological examination, culture, intradermal test and serology show sensitivity and specificity values for the diagnosis of chromoblastomycosis with no significant difference between the studies.

Accuracy of direct examination and culture as compared to the anatomopathological examination for the diagnosis of chromoblastomycosis: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Chromoblastomycosis is a skin infection caused by dematiaceous fungi that take the form of muriform cells in the tissue. It mainly manifests as verrucous plaques on the lower limbs of rural workers in tropical countries. OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this review is to evaluate the accuracy of diagnostic methods for the identification of chromoblastomycosis, considering the histopathological examination as the reference test. METHODS: MEDLINE, LILACS and Scielo databases were consulted using the terms "chromoblastomycosis" AND "diagnosis". The eligibility criteria were: studies that evaluated the accuracy of tests for the diagnosis of chromoblastomycosis. Eleven studies were selected. Statistical analysis included the calculation of sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic methods. RESULTS: Considering the histopathological examination as the reference test, the culture showed a sensitivity (S) of 37.5% - 90.9% and a specificity (Sp) of 100%; while direct mycological examination showed S =  50% - 91.6% and Sp of 100% . Considering the culture as the reference test, the serology (precipitation techniques) showed S  of 36% - 99%; and Sp  of 80% - 100%; while the intradermal test showed S  of 83.3% - 100% and Sp  of 99.4% - 100%. STUDY LIMITATIONS: The small number of studies and very discrepant sensitivity results among them do not allow the calculation of summary measures through a meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Direct mycological examination, culture, intradermal test and serology show sensitivity and specificity values ​​for the diagnosis of chromoblastomycosis with no significant difference between the studies.

Sloth's giant tick (Amblyomma varium) parasitizing free-ranging maned sloth (Bradypus torquatus) in the Atlantic Forest biome, Brazil.

Amblyomma varium is a neotropical tick popularly known as the sloth's giant tick, during the adult stage is found almost exclusively on mammals of the Bradypodidae and Megalonychidae families of the superorder Xenarthra. The maned sloth (Bradypus torquatus) is the only sloth species in danger of extinction in Brazil. This species is arboreal and descends to the ground only to perform defecation behavior. This behavior can be the determining factor for infestation and infection by different parasitic agents, including A. varium. This study reported the occurrence of A. varium found parasitizing free-living maned sloths (B. torquatus) in the Atlantic Forest biome of Northeast and Southeast Brazil. A total of 36 individuals were evaluated and more than 50% of the individuals were parasitized by ticks of the species A. varium. This study confirmed the importance of B. torquatus as a host for adults and nymphs of A. varium and reported the variation in length of the spurs on coxa IV of A. varium males.

O Amblyomma varium é um carrapato neotropical popularmente conhecido como carrapato gigante da preguiça, durante a fase adulta é encontrado quase que exclusivamente em mamíferos das famílias Bradypodidae e Megalonychidae da superordem Xenarthra. A preguiça-de-coleira (Bradypus torquatus) é a única espécie de preguiça ameaçada de extinção no Brasil. Esta espécie é arbórea e desce ao solo apenas para realizar comportamentos de defecação. Esse comportamento pode ser o fator determinante para infestação e infecção por diferentes agentes parasitários, incluindo A. varium. Este estudo relatou a ocorrência de A. varium encontrado parasitando preguiças-de-coleira (B. torquatus) de vida livre no bioma Mata Atlântica do Nordeste e Sudeste do Brasil. Foram avaliados 36 indivíduos e mais de 50% dos indivíduos estavam parasitados por carrapatos da espécie A. varium. Este estudo confirmou a importância de B. torquatus como hospedeiro para adultos e ninfas de A. varium e relatou a variação no comprimento dos espinhos da coxa IV de machos de A. varium.

Fostering emotional self-regulation in female teachers at the public teaching network: A mindfulness-based intervention improving psychological measures and inflammatory biomarkers.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of a mindfulness-based program specifically designed for teachers in reducing perceived stress and improving the quality of experienced emotion in female active working teachers. A second outcome evaluated is the associated change in cellular inflammatory activity, measured by peripheral blood levels of cytokines. METHOD: Eighty-eight female active teachers from public schools from São Paulo Municipality were recruited, and randomly allocated to an eight-week Mindfulness-Based Health Program for Educators (MBHP-Educa) or to Neuroscience for Education Program (Neuro-Educa: active control group). The venue of both programs were several public school facilities, where many of the teachers actually worked. Both groups received activities during eight weeks in a 2 â€‹h/week regimen, totalizing 16 â€‹h. Sixty-five participants completed the program and pre- and post-interventions measures were taken from the following scales: Interpersonal Multidimensional Reactivity Scale (IRI), Positive-and-Negative Affects Scale (PANAS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and a primary outcome in Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Scale (PBWS). At pre-and post-intervention, blood samples were collected for the measurement of several important inflammatory biomarkers, Tumor Necrosis Factor - α (TNF-α), Interleukin 1ß (IL-1ß), Interleukin 6 (IL-6), Interleukin 8 (IL-8), Interleukin 10 (IL-10) and Interleukin 12p70 (IL-12P70) through flow cytometry assay. Intervention effects were analyzed via Generalized mixed models (GLMM). RESULTS: According to the GLMM, MBHP-Educa significantly reduced the scores of perceived stress (p â€‹< â€‹0.0001), and negative affect (p â€‹< â€‹0.0001) compared to active control group (Neuro-Educa). Conversely, an increase was observed on Psychological Well Being Scale in dimensions of Self-acceptance (p â€‹< â€‹0.0001), and Autonomy (p â€‹= â€‹0.001), as well as improvements in Resilience (p â€‹< â€‹0.0001), and Positive Affect (p â€‹< â€‹0.0001). MBHP-Educa also promoted a reduction in the levels of IL-6 (p â€‹= â€‹0.003), IL-8 (p â€‹= â€‹0.036), and increase in the levels of IL-10 (p â€‹< â€‹0.0001) and IL-12p70 (p â€‹< â€‹0.044). TNF-α, IL-1ß, and IL-10p70 showed results below theoretical limit of detection accepted for CBA kit. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that mindfulness-based interventions introduced as a strategy for reducing stress, promoting well-being and improve immune function can be a useful asset in promoting psychological health among teachers in Basic Education.

Resistance to endocrine therapy in HR + and/or HER2 + breast cancer: the most promising predictive biomarkers.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. It is a heterogeneous disease, encompassing different biological subtypes that differ in histological features, outcomes, clinical behaviour and different molecular subtypes. Therapy has progressed substantially over the past years with a reduction both for locoregional and systemic therapy. Endocrine therapies have considerably reduced cancer recurrence and mortality. Despite the major diagnostic and therapeutic innovations, resistance to therapy has become a main challenge, especially in metastatic breast cancer, and became a major factor limiting the use of endocrine therapeutic agents in ER positive breast cancers. Approximately 50% of patients with ER positive metastatic disease achieve a complete or partial response with endocrine therapy. However, in the remaining patients, the benefit is limited due to resistance, intrinsic or acquired, resulting in disease progression and poor outcome.Tumour heterogeneity as well as acquired genetic changes and therapeutics pressure have been involved in the endocrine therapy resistance. Nowadays, targeted sequencing of genes involved in cancer has provided insights about genomic tumour evolution throughout treatment and resistance driver mutations. Several studies have described multiple alterations in receptor tyrosine kinases, signalling pathways such as Phosphoinositide-3-kinase-protein kinase B/Akt/mTOR (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) and Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), cell cycle machinery and their implications in endocrine treatment failure.One of the current concern in cancer is personalized therapy. The focus has been the discovery of new potentially predictive biomarkers capable to identify reliably the most appropriate therapy regimen and which patients will experience disease relapse. The major concern is also to avoid overtreatment/undertreatment and development of resistance.This review focuses on the most promising predictive biomarkers of resistance in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer and the emerging role of circulating free-DNA as a powerful tool for longitudinal monitoring of tumour molecular profile throughout treatment.

Mindfulness meditation training effects on quality of life, immune function and glutathione metabolism in service healthy female teachers: A randomized pilot clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Despite the crucial role of educators in encourage students' academic learning, addressing educator stress inside the classroom remains a significant challenge in the educational context. Mindfulness Meditation training (MM) has been recommended as an environmental enrichment strategy in schools to help teachers cope with stress and cultivating a state of awareness in daily life. Although studies have shown that MM can improve immune system dynamics the biological mechanism underlying glutathione metabolism in a healthy human is unclear. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether MM training benefits psychological and behavioral response, immunological functions and glutathione metabolism in service healthy female teachers from public schools. METHODS: We randomly assigned 76 teachers to an 8-week Mindfulness-Based Health Program for Educators (MBHPEduca) or Neuroscience for Education program (Neuro-Educa; active control group). Using the quality of life as our primary outcome, perceived stress, negative affectivity, and resilience as our secondary outcome, and pro-inflammatory cytokines and glutathione levels as our third outcome at baseline and post-intervention that occurred in public schools. Blood samples were collected for the measurement of three proinflammatory markers, including interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) and three GSH metabolism, including Cysteine (Cys), Homocysteine (HCys) and GSH were conducted at pre-and post-intervention, with selfreported assessments over time. Treatment effects were analyzed using generalized estimating equations (GEE) with to intention to treat. RESULTS: We observed statistically significant improvements to the MBHP-Educa group compared to active control in perceived stress, resilience, positive and negative affect, and quality of life after 8-weeks MM (p â€‹< â€‹0.0001). Further, the MBHP-Educa group exhibited lower circulating IL-6 production accompanied by high circulating GSH, and Cys (p â€‹< â€‹0.0001). Additional analyses indicated that enhancing quality of life through mindfulness meditation training was mediated by reducing perceived stress and serum levels of IL- 6 and increasing resilience and teachers 'plasma GSH levels. CONCLUSIONS: The present study is a pilot trial with low-power and provides preliminary evidence that mindfulness meditation training help teachers to cope with stress in the school environment with an impact on the quality of life, immune function, and glutathione metabolism.

Induction of Ticlike Involuntary Movements in Rats by Striatotomy and Subsequent Neurochemical Sensitization.

OBJECTIVE: It has been proposed that Tourette syndrome is associated with dysfunction in widespread cortical areas and globus pallidus externus hyperactivity secondary to dopaminergic hyperactivity and serotonergic/dynorphinergic hypoactivity. The main objective of this study was to test this hypothesis by developing an animal model of Tourette syndrome via striatotomy, followed by administration of drugs that mimic the neurotransmitter environment, so as to induce globus pallidus externus hyperactivity. METHODS: Rats were assigned to 3 groups: stereotactic striatotomy (STT) and striatal sham -lesion (SHAM) groups, treated with anterior and posterior striatum procedures in both hemispheres, and a group of nonoperated animals (NAIVE). Postoperatively, all rodents were blindly administered 3 drug protocols: levodopa/benserazide; levodopa/benserazide/ergotamine/naloxone (MIX); and saline. The animals were filmed at the peak action of these drugs. The videos were evaluated by a single blinded researcher. RESULTS: Six types of involuntary movements (IMs) were observed: cephalic, trunk jerks, oromandibular, forepaw jerks, dystonic, and locomotive. The number of animals with IM and the mean number of IM after both levodopa/benserazide and MIX was significantly higher in the STT compared with the SHAM and NAIVE groups. In the SHAM and NAIVE, MIX was superior to levodopa/benserazide in the induction of IM. In the STT, MIX was superior to levodopa/benserazide in the induction of trunk jerks. Appendicular IM were more common after posterior than after anterior striatotomy. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that striatotomy, followed by administration of levodopa/benserazide alone or associated with ergotamine and naloxone, is efficacious in inducing IM, supporting the hypothesis that led to this study.

Breast cancer and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS): Therapeutic approaches and related metabolic diseases.

The Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) is classically recognized for regulating blood pressure and fluid balance. Recently, this role has extended to other areas including inflammation, obesity, diabetes, as well as breast cancer. RAS components are expressed in normal and cancerous breast tissues, and downregulation of RAS inhibits metastasis, proliferation, angiogenesis, and desmoplasia in the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, RAS inhibitors (Angiotensin receptor blockers, ARBs, or angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, ACE-I) may be beneficial as preventive adjuvant therapies to thwart breast cancer development and improve outcomes, respectively. Given the beneficial effects of RAS inhibitors in metabolic diseases, which often co-exist in breast cancer patients, combining RAS inhibitors with other breast cancer therapies may enhance the effectiveness of current treatments. This review scrutinizes above associations, to advance our understanding of the role of RAS in breast cancer and its potential for repurposing of RAS inhibitors to improve the therapeutic approach for breast cancer patients.

Características de crianças com câncer e insucesso da cateterização intravenosa periférica / Characteristics of children with cancer and failure of peripheral intravenous cateterization / Características de los niños con cáncer y fracaso de la cateterización intravenosa periférica

Objetivo: Descrever características demográficas, clínicas, da terapia intravenosa prévia e cateterização intravenosa periférica em crianças com câncer e insucesso do procedimento. Método: trata-se de um estudo descritivo do tipo transversal, realizado com 18 crianças com insucesso da punção intravenosa periférica, internadas na clínica oncológica pediátrica do Hospital Estadual da Criança, em Feira de Santana-Bahia, entre Abril de 2015 e Dezembro de 2016. Resultados:evidenciou-se o insucesso em 11,7% das crianças. A maioria tinha 01 a 49 meses, pardas, sexo masculino, eutróficas, e o principal motivo de insucesso foi transfixação da veia. Os fatores predisponentes relativos ao insucesso foram história de dificuldade de inserção de cateter intravenoso periférico, complicação anterior à terapia intravenosa, internação anterior e antecedente de infiltração. Conclusão: o percentual de insucesso da punção intravenosa periférica é semelhante aos valores encontrados em estudos sobre o contexto, relacionado com o perfil das crianças, a terapia utilizada, e os fatores predisponentes

Objective:To describe demographic, clinical, prior intravenous therapy and peripheral intravenous catheterization characteristics in children with cancer and procedural failure. Method: this is a cross-sectional descriptive study of 18 children with peripheral intravenous puncture failure hospitalized at the pediatric oncology clinic of Hospital Estadual da Criança, in Feira de Santana-Bahia, between April 2015 and December 2016 Results: failure was observed in 11.7% of the children. The majority were 01 to 49 months, brown, male, eutrophic, and the main reason for failure was transfixation of the vein. The predisposing factors related to failure were a history of difficulty in insertion of a peripheral intravenous catheter, a complication prior to intravenous therapy, previous hospitalization and previous infiltration. Conclusion:the percentage of failure of the peripheral intravenous puncture is similar to the values found in studies on the context, related to the profile of the children, the therapy used, and the predisposing factors

Objetivo: Describir características demográficas, clínicas, de la terapia intravenosa previa y cateterización intravenosa periférica en niños con cáncer y fracaso del procedimiento. Método: se trata de un estudio descriptivo del tipo transversal, realizado con 18 niños con fracaso de la punción intravenosa periférica, internados en la clínica oncológica pediátrica del Hospital Estadual del Niño, en Feira de Santana-Bahía, entre abril de 2015 y diciembre de 2016. Resultados: se evidenció el fracaso en el 11,7% de los niños. La mayoría tenía entre 01 y 49 meses, pardas, sexo masculino, eutróficas, y el principal motivo de fracaso fue la transfixación de la vena. Los factores predisponentes relativos al fracaso fueron historia de dificultad de inserción de catéter intravenoso periférico, complicación anterior a la terapia intravenosa, internación anterior y antecedente de infiltración. Conclusión: el porcentaje de fracaso de la punción intravenosa periférica es similar a los valores encontrados en estudios sobre el contexto, relacionado con el perfil de los niños, la terapia utilizada, y los factores predisponentes

Pathology of Free-Ranging and Captive Brazilian Anteaters.

There is little information on the anatomical pathology of Brazilian anteaters. Considering the relevance of knowledge of diseases of these species for their conservation, the aim of this study was to describe pathological changes in 99 captive and free-ranging anteaters from the Brazilian states of São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Bahia, Mato Grosso do Sul and Amazonas. Forty-two animals were killed on roads and 10 died from burns injuries. Other significant conditions included the metabolic diseases of iron storage disease, tissue mineralization and taurine deficiency, protozoan and metazoan infections, candidiasis, sporotrichosis, clostridiosis and proliferative disorders including squamous cell carcinoma.

Salmonella spp. in Wild Free-Living Birds from Atlantic Forest Fragments in Southern Bahia, Brazil.

Wild animals have an ecological function and can serve as sentinels to identify infectious agents and as indicators of environmental health. Among the zoonotic pathogens, Salmonella spp. deserve special attention due to their high worldwide prevalence and their ubiquity of hosts. With the aim of investigating the presence of Salmonella spp. in wild birds from the Atlantic Forest in southern Bahia, Brazil, we collected 114 fecal samples of wild birds (14 families) between 2016 and 2017. Fecal samples were collected by means of cloacal swab and subjected to microbiological culture to isolate and serotype Salmonella spp. specifically. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined using the disk diffusion test protocol. Only one bird, Ceratopipra rubrocapilla, tested positive for Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Agona, which is the first record for this bird species. This isolate exhibited intermediate sensitivity to amikacin and gentamicin and sensitivity to the other 13 antibiotics tested. Results may indicate environmental preservation since the studied areas had minimal human activity and good sanitary quality. Despite the low prevalence, it is necessary to monitor wildlife and establish disease control and surveillance systems, especially for zoonotic diseases.

PATHOLOGIC FINDINGS IN 36 SLOTHS FROM BRAZIL.

Sloths are xenarthrans from Central and South America with a highly adapted morphophysiology. Five of the six known species of sloths are found in Brazil, among which Bradypus torquatus (maned three-toed sloth) is considered a vulnerable species by International Union for Conservation of Nature. Nevertheless, knowledge on health and disease of sloths is very scarce, thus this study aimed to describe macroscopic and microscopic findings in 36 Brazilian sloths. The most common findings included iron storage disorder, probable bacterial pneumonia, gastric and intestinal nematode parasitism, and a presumptive diagnosis of systemic mastocytosis.

Experiências maternas na primeira semana de hospitalização do prematuro em cuidado intensivo / Las experiencias maternas en la primera semana de hospitalización del prematuro en cuidados intensivos / Maternal experiences in the first week of the premature hospitalization in intensive care

Objetivo: descrever a experiência materna na primeira semana de hospitalização do recém-nascido prematuro na unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal. Método: estudo qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, realizada com dez mães que tiveram parto prematuro no período de julho a novembro de 2015. Utilizou-se a Análise Temática de Bardin. Resultados: cinco categorias de análise retrataram a experiência materna com momentos marcados pela tristeza em ver o filho na unidade pesquisada, o medo de sua morte, a insegurança de manter contato e de participar de seu cuidado e, por fim, as incertezas em saber quando poderia retornar para casa. Conclusão: a experiência materna na primeira semana de hospitalização do recém-nascido prematuro na unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal é marcada pelo sofrimento e pelo medo.

Objective: to describe the maternal experience in the first week of premature newborn hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit. Method: qualitative, descriptive and exploratory study. The data were collected through a semi-structured interview with ten mothers who had a premature delivery from July to November 2015. Thematic Analysis of Bardin was used. Results: five categories of analysis portrayed the maternal experience with moments marked by sadness in seeing the child in the unit researched, the fear of his death, the insecurity of maintaining contact and of participating in their care and, at last, the uncertainties in knowing when they could return home. Conclusion: the maternal experience in the first week of hospitalization of the premature newborn in the neonatal intensive care unit is marked by suffering and fear.

Objetivo: describir la experiencia materna en la primera semana de hospitalización del recién nacido prematuro en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales. Método: estudio cualitativo, descriptivo y exploratorio. Los datos se reunieron mediante una entrevista semiestructurada con diez madres que tuvieron un parto prematuro entre julio y noviembre de 2015. Se utilizó el Análisis Temático de Bardin. Resultados: cinco categorías de análisis retrataron la experiencia materna con momentos marcados por la tristeza de ver al niño en la unidad investigada, el miedo a su muerte, la inseguridad de mantener el contacto y participar en su cuidado y, por último, la incertidumbre de saber cuándo podría volver a casa. Conclusión: la experiencia materna en la primera semana de hospitalización del recién nacido prematuro en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales está marcada por el sufrimiento y el miedo.

Riscos ergonômicos e biomecânicos ocupacionais no transporte de pacientes no centro cirúrgico: pesquisa qualiquantitativa de estudo transversal / Occupational ergonomic and biomechanical risks in patient transporting in the operating room: Qualitive and Quantitative research of cross-sectional study

INTRODUÇÃO: OBJETIVO: Investigar os riscos ergonômicos e biomecânicos ocupacionais em profissionais da enfermagem no transporte de pacientes, no centro cirúrgico de um hospital público. METODOLOGIA: Estudo de caráter exploratório, observacional e descritivo. Para tanto, utilizou-se o Questionário Internacional da Atividade Física (IPAQ), que analisa diferentes contextos do cotidiano para estimar o tempo semanal gasto em caminhadas, atividades físicas de intensidade moderada, vigorosa e atividades passivas (tempo sentado). O Questionário Nórdico, possibilita a identificação de distúrbios osteomusculares nos 12 meses e 7 dias anteriores à entrevista. Permite também um diagnóstico do posto de trabalho pela sua relação com a prevalência do local e tempo do surgimento dos sintomas dolorosos. Além disso, aplicou-se a metodologia da Análise Ergonômica do Trabalho (AET). RESULTADOS: De acordo com a análise dos dados coletados participaram deste estudo 44 profissionais da enfermagem, 32 (72,7%) eram do gênero feminino e 13 (29,54%) do gênero masculino. Quando analisado a especialidade: 24 (54,5 %) eram auxiliares de enfermagem, técnicos de enfermagem correspondem à 14 (31,8 %) e Enfermeiros 6 (13,6 %). O questionário IPAQ demonstrou que 16 (35%), destes profissionais mantém-se ativos. Por meio da análise ergonômica do trabalho, as variáveis como, tipo de maca, condições de manutenção, tipo de anestesia, idade do paciente, entre outros, interferem em maiores ou menores esforços no transporte de pacientes. CONCLUSÃO: Desse modo, tornam-se necessárias a adoção de medidas preventivas que visem a melhoria do estado de saúde prevenindo complicações musculoesqueléticas no desempenho das atividades. Além de promover boas condições de trabalho aos profissionais no seu ambiente profissional, bem como trazer benefícios ao hospital.

INTRODUCTION: OBJECTIVE: To investigate occupational ergonomic and biomechanical risks in nursing professionals in patient transporting in the operating room of a public hospital. METHODOLOGY: Exploratory, observational and descriptive study. For this the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used, which analyzes different daily contexts to estimate weekly time spent walking, moderate, vigorous intensity physical activity and passive activities (sitting time). The Nordic Questionnaire enables the identification of musculoskeletal disorders in the period of 12 months and 7 days prior to the interview. It also allows a diagnosis of the workplace by its relation with the prevalence of the place and time of the onset of painful symptoms. In addition, the methodology of Ergonomic Workplace Analysis (EWA) was applied. RESULTS: According to the analysis of the collected data, 44 nursing professionals participated of this study, 32 (72.7%) were female and 13 (29.54%) were male. When analyzing the specialty: 24 (54.5%) were nursing assistants, nursing technicians correspond to 14 (31.8%) and Nurses 6 (13.6%). The IPAQ questionnaire showed that 16 (35%) of these professionals remain active. Through ergonomic analysis of the workplace, variables such as stretcher type, maintenance conditions, type of anesthesia, patient age, among others, interfere with greater or lesser efforts in patient transport. CONCLUSION: Thus, it becomes necessary the adoption of preventive measures aimed at improving health by preventing musculoskeletal complications in the performance of activities. Besides promoting good working conditions for professionals in their professional environment, as well as bringing benefits to the hospital.

Espiradenoma écrino gigante associado à síndrome de Brooke-Spiegler / Giant eccrine spiradenoma associated with Brooke-Spiegler syndrome

A síndrome de Brooke-Spiegler é doença genética autossômica dominante rara, com predisposição a diversos tumores anexiais, dentre eles tricoepitelioma, cilindroma e espiradenoma. Os tumores surgem na segunda década de vida, aumentam progressivamente com a idade e sua prevalência é maior em mulheres. É causada por mutação no gene CYLD, localizado no cromossomo 16q12-q13. Relatamos caso exuberante de espiradenoma écrino gigante associado a essa síndrome.

Brooke-Spiegler syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disease with predisposition to many adnexal tumors, including trichoepithelioma, cylindroma and spiroadenoma. Tumors appear in the second decade of life, progressively increase with age, and their prevalence is higher in women. It is caused by a mutation in the CYLD gene, localized in the chromosome 16q12-q13. We report a exuberant case of giant eccrine spiradenoma associated to this syndrome.

Violência obstétrica: percepções de enfermeiros obstétricos em uma maternidade de Minas Gerais / Obstetric violence: perceptions of obstetric nurses in a maternity of Minas Gerais

Introdução: A violência apresenta várias faces e há um tipo que vem ganhando visibilidade dentro das maternidades: a violência obstétrica. Objetivo: Identificar as percepções dos enfermeiros obstétricos acerca da violência obstétrica. Material e Métodos: Estudo descritivo, exploratório de abordagem qualitativa, realizado em uma maternidade filantrópica de Belo Horizonte. Os dados foram coletados no período de janeiro/2015 a fevereiro/2015, por meio de entrevista do tipo semi-estruturada com 16 enfermeiras obstétricas que atuavam há um ano ou mais na referida maternidade e analisados por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Emergiram duas categorias temáticas, sendo elas: percepções de enfermeiros obstétricos sobre a violência obstétrica, que apontam desde a violência verbal e física, como também o desrespeito à autonomia da mulher, as intervenções desnecessárias, além de reconhecerem também as repercussões na mulher; e situações de violência obstétrica vivenciadas enfermeiros obstétricos, que aponta violências praticadas por outros profissionais, principalmente pelo médico obstetra, como também reconhecem situações de violência obstétrica na sua prática profissional. Conclusão: É necessário a percepção da violência obstétrica e o reconhecimento da violência obstétrica por parte dos enfermeiros obstétricos na sua prática profissional, pois uma das iniciativas relacionadas a humanização da assistência obstétrica é o novo modelo de assistência ao parto e nascimento que fundamenta-se na atenção prestada por este profissional.

Introduction: Violence has several faces and there is one type that has been gaining visibility within maternity hospitals: obstetric violence. Objective: To identify the perceptions of obstetric nurses about obstetric violence. Material and Methods: A descriptive, exploratory study with a qualitative approach, conducted in a philanthropic maternity hospital in Belo Horizonte. Data were collected from January 2015 to February 2015, through semi-structured interviews with 16 obstetric nurses who worked for one year or more in the referred maternity hospital and analyzed using the content analysis technique. Results: Two thematic categories emerged, namely: perceptions of obstetric nurses about obstetric violence, which point from verbal and physical violence, as well as disrespect for women's autonomy, unnecessary interventions, and also recognize the repercussions on women; and obstetric violence situations experienced obstetric nurses, which points out violence practiced by other professionals, especially by the obstetrician, as well as recognize situations of obstetric violence in their professional practice. Conclusion: The perception of obstetric violence and the recognition of obstetric violence by obstetric nurses in their professional practice is necessary, as one of the initiatives related to the humanization of obstetric care is the new model of childbirth care based on attention paid by this professional.