LATERAL EPICONDYLE SLIDING OSTEOTOMY IN KNEE ARTHROPLASTIES WITH VALGUS DEFORMITY.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of sliding osteotomy of the lateral epicondyle in correcting rigid valgus deformity in knee arthroplasty. METHODS: A retrospective study of patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty with lateral epicondyle sliding osteotomy between 2006 and 2018. The main outcome was the incidence of complications and adverse events. Secondary outcomes were Visual Analog Scale for Pain, varus stress test, and varus knee thrust during gait. RESULTS: 19 knees (19 participants) were included in the study. The mean follow-up was 4.2 years. There were no cases of infection or reoperation due to instability. Two participants (10.5%) had mild or moderate knee pain (VAS pain = 4.6 ± 1.9). Two arthroplasties (10.5%) had mild varus stress. No participant presented varus thrust. CONCLUSION: Sliding osteotomy of the lateral epicondyle allows fast and safe ligament balance of knee valgus deformities. Level of Evidence I, Case series.

Avaliar a eficácia e a segurança da osteotomia de deslizamento do epicôndilo lateral na correção da deformidade em valgo rígida na artroplastia de joelho. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo de pacientes submetidos à artroplastia total do joelho com osteotomia de deslizamento do epicôndilo lateral entre 2006 e 2018. O principal desfecho foi a incidência de complicações e eventos adversos. Os desfechos secundários foram escala visual analógica para dor, teste de estresse em varo e flambagem em varo do joelho durante a marcha. Resultados: Foram incluídos no estudo 19 joelhos (19 participantes). O seguimento médio foi de 4,2 anos. Não houve nenhum caso de infecção ou reoperação devido à instabilidade. Dois participantes (10,5%) apresentaram algum tipo de dor leve ou moderada no joelho (EVA = 4,6 ± 1,9). Duas artroplastias (10,5%) apresentaram estresse em varo leve. Nenhum participante apresentou flambagem em varo. Conclusão: A osteotomia de deslizamento do epicôndilo lateral possibilitou o balanço ligamentar das deformidades em valgo do joelho de forma rápida e segura. Nível de Evidência IV, Série de Casos.

Challenges of Implementing a Human Multi-Tissue Bank in a Public Hospital in the Interior of São Paulo: Under the Light of the Quality Management System.

BACKGROUND: Human multi-tissue banks (HMTB) are important health institutions specialized in the capture, processing, and distribution of human tissues for transplants and research, aiming for safety and quality in the supply of their products, intended for reconstructive surgeries and injury repair, in addition to contributing to the advancement of research developed in regenerative medicine. This study aims to report and share the experience of implementing an HMTB, as well as creating an institution's own quality management system. METHODS: This is a descriptive study, an experience report type, which identifies historical aspects of an HMTB's actions in the 5 years of implementing and operating the service. RESULTS: Initially, a musculoskeletal tissue bank was established in collaboration with the Department of Orthopedics at the State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil, in June 2018. In 2023, through a management model and associated technologies, the banks of human musculoskeletal and ocular tissues at the institution established the HC-UNICAMP Human Multi-tissue Bank. CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of the HMTB with modern and technological infrastructure, associated with the development and operation of the quality management system, allowed us to provide excellent organization of work processes, as well as obtain the necessary health license to begin activities. It is believed that this report can be an important source of information and recommendations applicable to the implementation of other human HMTBs.

Lateral epicondyle sliding osteotomy in knee arthroplasties with valgus deformity / Osteotomia de deslizamento do epicôndilo lateral nas artroplastias de joelho com deformidade em valgo

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of sliding osteotomy of the lateral epicondyle in correcting rigid valgus deformity in knee arthroplasty. Methods: A retrospective study of patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty with lateral epicondyle sliding osteotomy between 2006 and 2018. The main outcome was the incidence of complications and adverse events. Secondary outcomes were Visual Analog Scale for Pain, varus stress test, and varus knee thrust during gait. Results: 19 knees (19 participants) were included in the study. The mean follow-up was 4.2 years. There were no cases of infection or reoperation due to instability. Two participants (10.5%) had mild or moderate knee pain (VAS pain = 4.6 ± 1.9). Two arthroplasties (10.5%) had mild varus stress. No participant presented varus thrust. Conclusion: Sliding osteotomy of the lateral epicondyle allows fast and safe ligament balance of knee valgus deformities. Level of Evidence I, Case series.

RESUMO Avaliar a eficácia e a segurança da osteotomia de deslizamento do epicôndilo lateral na correção da deformidade em valgo rígida na artroplastia de joelho. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo de pacientes submetidos à artroplastia total do joelho com osteotomia de deslizamento do epicôndilo lateral entre 2006 e 2018. O principal desfecho foi a incidência de complicações e eventos adversos. Os desfechos secundários foram escala visual analógica para dor, teste de estresse em varo e flambagem em varo do joelho durante a marcha. Resultados: Foram incluídos no estudo 19 joelhos (19 participantes). O seguimento médio foi de 4,2 anos. Não houve nenhum caso de infecção ou reoperação devido à instabilidade. Dois participantes (10,5%) apresentaram algum tipo de dor leve ou moderada no joelho (EVA = 4,6 ± 1,9). Duas artroplastias (10,5%) apresentaram estresse em varo leve. Nenhum participante apresentou flambagem em varo. Conclusão: A osteotomia de deslizamento do epicôndilo lateral possibilitou o balanço ligamentar das deformidades em valgo do joelho de forma rápida e segura. Nível de Evidência IV, Série de Casos.

EPIDEMIOLOGY OF POST-TRAUMATIC SPINAL CORD INJURY IN A TERTIARY HOSPITAL.

Objective: to outline the profile of risk groups for spinal cord injury (SCI) at the Hospital de Clinicas de Campinas by an epidemiological survey of 41 patients with SCI. Methods: Data from patients with SCI were collected and analyzed: demographic data, level of neurological injury, visual analogue scale (VAS), and the current American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) impairment scale (AIS), using questionnaires, medical records, and imaging tests. Fisher's exact test was used to assess the relationship between categorical variables, Spearman's correlation coefficient was used for numerical variables, and the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to analyze the relationship between categorical and numerical variables, with significance level of 5%. Results: There was a prevalence of 82.9% of men, a mean age of 26.5 years, and traffic accidents as the cause of SCI in 56.1% of cases. Conclusion: Results suggest the importance of SCI prevention campaigns directed at this population. Level of Evidence II, Retrospective Study.

Objetivo: Traçar o perfil dos grupos de risco para trauma raquimedular (TRM) do Hospital das Clínicas de Campinas através de levantamento epidemiológico de 41 pacientes vítimas de TRM. Métodos: Foram coletados e analisados dados demográficos, nível da lesão neurológica, escala visual analógica (EVA) e American Spinal Injury Association impairment scale (AIS) atuais, através da aplicação de questionários, análise de prontuários e de exames de imagem. Para avaliar a relação entre as variáveis categóricas foi utilizado o teste exato de Fisher; para as variáveis numéricas foi utilizado o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman; e para a análise da relação entre variáveis categóricas e numéricas foram utilizados os testes de Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis, adotando nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Houve prevalência de 82,9% do sexo masculino, média de idade de 26,5 anos e de 56,1% casos de TRM causados por acidente automobilístico. Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem a importância da realização de campanhas de prevenção ao TRM voltadas para essa população. Nível de Evidência II, Estudo Retrospectivo.

Epidemiology of post-traumatic spinal cord injury in a tertiary hospital / Epidemiologia do lesado medular pós-traumático em um hospital terciário

ABSTRACT Objective: to outline the profile of risk groups for spinal cord injury (SCI) at the Hospital de Clinicas de Campinas by an epidemiological survey of 41 patients with SCI. Methods: Data from patients with SCI were collected and analyzed: demographic data, level of neurological injury, visual analogue scale (VAS), and the current American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) impairment scale (AIS), using questionnaires, medical records, and imaging tests. Fisher's exact test was used to assess the relationship between categorical variables, Spearman's correlation coefficient was used for numerical variables, and the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to analyze the relationship between categorical and numerical variables, with significance level of 5%. Results: There was a prevalence of 82.9% of men, a mean age of 26.5 years, and traffic accidents as the cause of SCI in 56.1% of cases. Conclusion: Results suggest the importance of SCI prevention campaigns directed at this population. Level of Evidence II, Retrospective Study.

RESUMO Objetivo: Traçar o perfil dos grupos de risco para trauma raquimedular (TRM) do Hospital das Clínicas de Campinas através de levantamento epidemiológico de 41 pacientes vítimas de TRM. Métodos: Foram coletados e analisados dados demográficos, nível da lesão neurológica, escala visual analógica (EVA) e American Spinal Injury Association impairment scale (AIS) atuais, através da aplicação de questionários, análise de prontuários e de exames de imagem. Para avaliar a relação entre as variáveis categóricas foi utilizado o teste exato de Fisher; para as variáveis numéricas foi utilizado o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman; e para a análise da relação entre variáveis categóricas e numéricas foram utilizados os testes de Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis, adotando nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Houve prevalência de 82,9% do sexo masculino, média de idade de 26,5 anos e de 56,1% casos de TRM causados por acidente automobilístico. Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem a importância da realização de campanhas de prevenção ao TRM voltadas para essa população. Nível de Evidência II, Estudo Retrospectivo.

Is There Any Association between the Severity of Disc Degeneration and Low Back Pain?

Objective To access the possibility that higher degrees of disc degeneration lead to higher levels of pain and dysfunction. Methods Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of 85 patients with low back pain lasting for more than 12 weeks were evaluated, and the degree of disc degeneration was quantified according to the Pfirrmann grading system. The Pfirrmann degree in each disc space from L1-L2 to L5-S1, the maximum degree of Pfirrmann (Pfirrmann-max) between the lumbar discs, and the sum of Pfirrmann (Pfirrmann-sum) degrees were correlated (through the Spearman test) with the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and the Visual Analogical Scale (VAS) for pain. Results In total, 87% of the patients had moderate to severe lumbar disc degeneration measured by Pfirrmann-max, and the most degenerated discs were L4-L5 and L5-S1. There was a week to moderate correlation regarding the Pfirrmann-max (r = 0,330; p = 0.002) and the Pfirrmann-sum (r = 0,266; p = 0,037) and the ODI, and the Pfirrmann scores in L1-L2 were correlated with the ODI and the VAS. Conclusion Patients with chronic idiopathic low back pain frequently have moderate to severe lumbar disc degeneration, which has a negative impact on the quality of life of the patients. Low degrees of degeneration in L1-L2 might be related with higher degrees of pain and of functional disability.

Is There Any Association between the Severity of Disc Degeneration and Low Back Pain? / Existe alguma associação entre gravidade de degeneração discal e dor lombar?

Abstract Objective To access the possibility that higher degrees of disc degeneration lead to higher levels of pain and dysfunction. Methods Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of 85 patients with low back pain lasting for more than 12 weeks were evaluated, and the degree of disc degeneration was quantified according to the Pfirrmann grading system. The Pfirrmann degree in each disc space from L1-L2 to L5-S1, the maximum degree of Pfirrmann (Pfirrmannmax) between the lumbar discs, and the sum of Pfirrmann (Pfirrmann-sum) degrees were correlated (through the Spearman test) with the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and the Visual Analogical Scale (VAS) for pain. Results In total, 87% of the patients had moderate to severe lumbar disc degeneration measured by Pfirrmann-max, and the most degenerated discs were L4-L5 and L5S1. There was a week to moderate correlation regarding the Pfirrmann-max (r » 0,330; p» 0.002) and the Pfirrmann-sum (r » 0,266; p» 0,037) and the ODI, and the Pfirrmann scores in L1-L2 were correlated with the ODI and the VAS. Conclusion Patients with chronic idiopathic low back pain frequently have moderate to severe lumbar disc degeneration, which has a negative impact on the quality of life of the patients. Low degrees of degeneration in L1-L2 might be related with higher degrees of pain and of functional disability.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a possibilidade de maiores graus de degeneração discal levarem a maiores dor e disfunção. Métodos Exames de imagem por ressonância magnética (IRM) de 85 pacientes com lombalgia idiopática por mais de 12 semanas foram avaliados, sendo quantificado o grau de degeneração discal de acordo com a escala de Pfirrmann. O grau de Pfirrmann em cada espaço discal de L1-L2 a L5-S1, o grau máximo de Pfirrmann (Pfirrmann-max) entre os discos lombares, e a soma dos graus de Pfirrmann (Pfirrmann-soma) foram correlacionados (por meio do teste de Spearman) com o Índice de Incapacidade de Oswestry (IIO) e a escala visual analógica (EVA) de dor. Resultados No total, 87% dos pacientes tinha degeneração discal moderada ou acentuada medida pelo Pfirrmann-max, sendo L4-L5 e L5-S1 os discos mais degenerados. Houve uma correlação de fraca a moderada entre o Pfirrmann-max (r » 0,330; p» 0.002) e a Pfirrmann-soma (r » 0,266; p» 0,037) e o IIO, e entre o grau de Pfirrmann em L1-L2 e o IIO e a EVA. Conclusão A degeneração discal lombar moderada ou acentuada é frequente em indivíduos com lombalgia crônica idiopática, e tem um impacto negativo na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Pequenos graus de degeneração discal em L1-L2 podem determinar maior grau de dor e maior incapacidade funcional.

Superior Dislocation of the Patella in a Young Patient without Osteophytes: A Case Report with Discussion about Differential Diagnosis.

We report a case of superior dislocation of the patella in a young woman without degenerative changes. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and imaging data obtained from the patient. This article describes a rare case of patellar dislocation following a bicycle fall in a 19-year-old woman without any history of patellofemoral complaints. Our literature search yielded 28 case reports; however, most reports describe older individuals with osteoarthritis. Only two reports have previously described this lesion in young patients without osteophytes, but some features, like an increase of the patella tilt, may raise doubts about whether it would be better to classify them as a vertical dislocation of the patella, another quite rare lesion, or just as a variant of a superior dislocation.

Proposal for a New Histological Scoring System for Cartilage Repair.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to develop a new histological scoring system for use in a partial-thickness cartilage repair animal model. Although previous papers have investigated the regeneration of articular cartilage, the good results achieved in small animals have not been replicated in large animal models or humans, possibly because of the frequent use of models with perforation of the subchondral bone plates. Partial-thickness lesions spare the subchondral bone, and this pattern is the most frequent in humans; therefore, new therapies should be tested using this model. However, no specific histological score exists to evaluate partial-thickness model results. METHODS: Histological sections from 30 ovine knees were reviewed to develop a new scoring system. The sections were subjected to H&E, Safranin O, and Masson's trichrome staining. RESULTS: This paper describes a new scoring tool that is divided into sections in detail: repair of tissue inside the lesion, cartilage around the lesion and degenerative changes at the base of the lesion. Scores range from 0 to 21; a higher score indicates better cartilage repair. DISCUSSION: Unlike existing tools, this new scale does not assign points for the positioning of a tidemark; we propose evaluation of the degenerative changes to the subchondral bone and calcified cartilage layer. It is necessary to remove the whole joint to access and study the evolution of the lesion as well as the surrounding tissue. CONCLUSION: This article emphasizes the importance of a partial-thickness animal model of cartilage repair and presents a new histological scoring system.

PREVALENCE OF JOINT PAIN AND OSTEOARTHRITIS IN OBESE BRAZILIAN POPULATION.

BACKGROUND: High body mass index, as well as maintaining this condition for a long period of time, are important risk factors for the development of osteoarthritis. AIM: To determine joint pain and osteoarthritis prevalence in patients referred to bariatric surgery. METHODS: Morbidly obese patients referred to bariatric surgery responded to the visual analogue pain scale (VAS) and the WOMAC questionnaire. X-rays of the hips and knees were evaluated. The primary endpoints were self-reported joint pain and the diagnosis of osteoarthritis by clinical and radiological criteria of the American College of Rheumatology. RESULTS: 141 patients were interviewed (85.1% women) with a mean age of 40 years. The mean body mass index was 46. The lumbar spine and knee joint were the most commonly reported as painful (77.9% and 73.2% respectively). Prevalence of knee osteoarthritis was 63.1% and hip osteoarthritis was 40.8%. Age, mean VAS and WOMAC scores were higher in the osteoarthritic individuals. CONCLUSION: There is prevalence of 90.1% of pain symptoms in morbidly obese patients referred to bariatric surgery. The prevalence of knee osteoarthritis was 63.1% and hip osteoarthritis was 40.8% in this sample.

Gait analysis in short-term follow-up of medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy.

BACKGROUND: Biomechanical gait changes are proposed as adaptations to medial knee osteoarthritis (OA), and little is known about which parameters can be modified early by high tibial osteotomy (HTO) surgery. The aim of this study was to identify early gait changes in a postoperative period of 6 months as compared to a control group, in three different spatial planes. METHODS: Twenty-one patients with OA were submitted to three-dimensional gait analysis preoperatively and 6 months after HTO surgery. Sixteen healthy individuals were selected for the control group. RESULTS: Compared to the control group, OA patients walked more slowly, with a shorter stride length, and with a higher knee varus and flexion angles. The gait changes detected in the postoperative of 6 months were a significant reduction in knee varus angle and adductor moment in coronal plane; an important reduction in knee extension and an increased extensor moment in sagittal plane; also an increased foot external rotation angle in axial plane was observed. Flexion angle peak in swing phase, adductor and flexor moments were the gait parameters with postoperatively results that were closer to those of the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Even in a short follow-up of 6 months, HTO determines positive results in biomechanical gait, not only in the coronal plane but also in the sagittal and axial planes and should be taken into account during the rehabilitation process.

Proposal for a new histological scoring system for cartilage repair

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to develop a new histological scoring system for use in a partial-thickness cartilage repair animal model. Although previous papers have investigated the regeneration of articular cartilage, the good results achieved in small animals have not been replicated in large animal models or humans, possibly because of the frequent use of models with perforation of the subchondral bone plates. Partial-thickness lesions spare the subchondral bone, and this pattern is the most frequent in humans; therefore, new therapies should be tested using this model. However, no specific histological score exists to evaluate partial-thickness model results. METHODS: Histological sections from 30 ovine knees were reviewed to develop a new scoring system. The sections were subjected to H&E, Safranin O, and Masson's trichrome staining. RESULTS: This paper describes a new scoring tool that is divided into sections in detail: repair of tissue inside the lesion, cartilage around the lesion and degenerative changes at the base of the lesion. Scores range from 0 to 21; a higher score indicates better cartilage repair. DISCUSSION: Unlike existing tools, this new scale does not assign points for the positioning of a tidemark; we propose evaluation of the degenerative changes to the subchondral bone and calcified cartilage layer. It is necessary to remove the whole joint to access and study the evolution of the lesion as well as the surrounding tissue. CONCLUSION: This article emphasizes the importance of a partial-thickness animal model of cartilage repair and presents a new histological scoring system.

Prevalence of joint pain and osteoarthritis in obese brazilian population / Prevalência de dor articular e osteoartrite na população obesa brasileira

ABSTRACT Background: High body mass index, as well as maintaining this condition for a long period of time, are important risk factors for the development of osteoarthritis. Aim: To determine joint pain and osteoarthritis prevalence in patients referred to bariatric surgery. Methods: Morbidly obese patients referred to bariatric surgery responded to the visual analogue pain scale (VAS) and the WOMAC questionnaire. X-rays of the hips and knees were evaluated. The primary endpoints were self-reported joint pain and the diagnosis of osteoarthritis by clinical and radiological criteria of the American College of Rheumatology. Results: 141 patients were interviewed (85.1% women) with a mean age of 40 years. The mean body mass index was 46. The lumbar spine and knee joint were the most commonly reported as painful (77.9% and 73.2% respectively). Prevalence of knee osteoarthritis was 63.1% and hip osteoarthritis was 40.8%. Age, mean VAS and WOMAC scores were higher in the osteoarthritic individuals. Conclusion: There is prevalence of 90.1% of pain symptoms in morbidly obese patients referred to bariatric surgery. The prevalence of knee osteoarthritis was 63.1% and hip osteoarthritis was 40.8% in this sample.

RESUMO Racional: Alto índice de massa corpórea, assim como a manutenção desta condição por longo período de tempo, são importantes fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de osteoartrite. Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência de dor articular e osteoartrite em pacientes aguardando cirurgia bariátrica. Métodos: Pacientes obesos mórbidos responderam à escala e questionário (VAS e WOMAC) de dor e função. Radiografias dos quadris e joelhos foram avaliadas. Os desfechos primários foram dor articular referida nos questionários e o diagnóstico de osteoartrite feito através dos critérios clinicoradiológicos do Colégio Americano de Reumatologia. Resultados: Cento e quarenta e um pacientes foram entrevistados (85,1% mulheres) com idade média de 40 anos. A média do índice de massa corpórea foi de 46. Coluna lombar e joelhos foram as regiões mais comumente referidas com dor (77,9% e 73,2% respectivamente). A prevalência de osteoartrite dos joelhos foi de 63,1% e dos quadris foi de 40,8%. Idade, média da escala visual de dor e resultados do questionário de WOMAC foram maiores nos indivíduos com osteoartrite. Conclusão: Há prevalência de 90,1% de sintomas dolorosos nos pacientes obesos mórbidos encaminhados para cirurgia bariátrica. A osteoartrite dos joelhos foi de 63,1% e de quadris de 40,8%.

Comparison of Puddu osteotomy with or without autologous bone grafting: a prospective clinical trial.

OBJECTIVES: To test the hypothesis that autologous iliac bone grafts do not enhance clinical results and do not decrease complication rates in patients undergoing medial opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy. METHODS: Forty patients allocated in a randomized, two-armed, double-blinded clinical trial were evaluated between 2007 and 2010. One group received bone graft, and the other group was left without filling the osteotomy defect. The primary outcome was the Knee Society Score. Radiographic measurement of the frontal anatomical femoral-tibial angle and the progression of osteoarthritis according to the modified Ahlback classification were used as secondary outcomes. RESULTS: There was no difference in KSS scale between the graft group (64.4 ± 21.8) and the graftless group (61.6 ± 17.3; p = 0.309). There was no difference of angle between the femur and tibia in the frontal plane between the groups (graft = 184 ± 4.6 degrees, graftless = 183.4 ± 5.1 degrees; p = 1.0), indicating that there is no loss of correction due to the lack of the graft. There was significant aggravation of osteoarthritis in a greater number of patients in a graft group (p = 0.005). CONCLUSION: Autologous iliac bone graft does not improve clinical outcomes in medium and long-term follow-up of medial opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy fixed with a first generation Puddu plate in the conditions of this study.

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a hipótese de que o enxerto ósseo autólogo da crista ilíaca não melhora o resultado clínico e não diminui a incidência de complicações em pacientes submetidos à osteotomia de Puddu. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 40 pacientes alocados de forma aleatória em dois grupos em um estudo clínico duplo cego entre 2007 e 2010. Um grupo recebeu enxerto ósseo e o outro grupo foi deixado sem preenchimento da osteotomia. O desfecho primário foi a escala clínica da Knee Society (KSS). A medida radiográfica do ângulo anatômico entre o fêmur e a tíbia no plano frontal e a progressão da osteoartrite de acordo com a classificação modificada de Ahlback foram usadas como desfechos secundários. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença da escala KSS no grupo com enxerto (64,4 ± 21,8) e no grupo sem enxerto (61,6 ± 17,3; p = 0,309). Não houve diferença do ângulo entre o fêmur e a tíbia no plano frontal entre os grupos (com enxerto = 184 ± 4,6 graus; sem enxerto = 183,4 ± 5,1 graus; p = 1,0), indica que não há uma perda de correção pela falta do enxerto. Houve pioria da osteoartrite em um número maior de pacientes no grupo com enxerto (p = 0,005). CONCLUSÃO: O enxerto ósseo autólogo da crista ilíaca não melhorou o resultado clínico e não diminuiu a incidência de complicações em pacientes submetidos à osteotomia de Puddu, fixadas com placa-calço de primeira geração, nas condições deste estudo.

Natural Type II Collagen Hydrogel, Fibrin Sealant, and Adipose-Derived Stem Cells as a Promising Combination for Articular Cartilage Repair.

Objective Articular cartilage is an avascular tissue with limited ability of self-regeneration and the current clinical treatments have restricted capacity to restore damages induced by trauma or diseases. Therefore, new techniques are being tested for cartilage repair, using scaffolds and/or stem cells. Although type II collagen hydrogel, fibrin sealant, and adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) represent suitable alternatives for cartilage formation, their combination has not yet been investigated in vivo for focal articular cartilage defects. We performed a simple experimental procedure using the combination of these 3 compounds on cartilage lesions of rabbit knees. Design The hydrogel was developed in house and was first tested in vitro for chondrogenic differentiation. Next, implants were performed in chondral defects with or without ASCs and the degree of regeneration was macroscopically and microscopically evaluated. Results Production of proteoglycans and the increased expression of collagen type II (COL2α1), aggrecan (ACAN), and sex-determining region Y-box 9 (SOX9) confirmed the chondrogenic character of ASCs in the hydrogel in vitro. Importantly, the addition of ASC induced a higher overall repair of the chondral lesions and a better cellular organization and collagen fiber alignment compared with the same treatment without ASCs. This regenerating tissue also presented the expression of cartilage glycosaminoglycan and type II collagen. Conclusions Our results indicate that the combination of the 3 compounds is effective for articular cartilage repair and may be of future clinical interest.

Effect of pulsed electromagnetic field on the consolidation of posterolateral arthrodeses in the lumbosacral spine: a prospective, double-blind, randomized study / Efeito do campo eletromagnético pulsado na consolidação das artrodeses posterolaterais lombossacras: estudo prospectivo, duplo-cego e randomizado / Efecto del campo electromagnético pulsado en la consolidación de artrodesis posterolaterales en la columna lumbosacral: estudio prospectivo, doble ciego, randomizado

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the effect of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) on the consolidation of instrumented lumbar posterolateral arthrodeses in patients who have been surgically treated for degenerative spine disease. Methods: Forty cases were recruited from 163 consecutive patients undergoing lumbar arthrodesis at the same center. The patients were randomized into two groups of 20 patients: Active Group, who were exposed to PEMF for 4 hours a day for 90 days after surgery, and Inactive Group, who received an identical device, with the same instructions for use but without the ability to generate PEMF. The patients underwent computed tomography scans at 45, 90, 180 and 360 days after surgery to check for the occurrence of arthrodesis at each operated spinal level. Results: In the course of the study, two patients were excluded from each group. There were no significant differences between the groups with respect to age, gender, smoking habit, or the number of vertebral levels included in the arthrodesis. The percentage of consolidation of the vertebral levels increased at 90, 180 and 360 days compared to 45 days (p<0.001) in both groups. The Active Group had a 276% greater chance of consolidation in the vertebral levels (OR = 3.76; 95% CI: 1.39-10.20), regardless of the time of evaluation. Patients in the Active Group presented 16% more consolidation than patients in the inactive group (p=0.018). Conclusions: Post-operative exposure to PEMF following instrumented arthrodesis of the lumbar spine for degenerative spine disease increased consolidation in the first year after surgery.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito do campo eletromagnético pulsado (CEMP) na consolidação de artrodeses posterolaterais lombares instrumentadas em pacientes que foram tratados cirurgicamente de doença degenerativa da coluna vertebral. Métodos: Quarenta casos foram recrutados de 163 pacientes consecutivos submetidos à artrodese lombar no mesmo centro. Os pacientes foram randomizados em dois grupos de 20 pacientes: Grupo Ativo, que foi exposto a CEMP por 4 horas por dia durante 90 dias após a cirurgia e Grupo Inativo, que recebeu um dispositivo idêntico, com as mesmas instruções de uso, mas sem a capacidade de gerar CEMP. Os pacientes foram submetidos a exames de tomografia computadorizada aos 45, 90, 180 e 360 dias após a cirurgia para verificar a ocorrência de artrodese em cada nível espinhal operado. Resultados: No decorrer do estudo, dois pacientes foram excluídos de cada grupo. Não houve diferenças significativas entre os grupos com relação à idade, sexo, tabagismo ou número de níveis vertebrais incluídos na artrodese. A percentagem de consolidação dos níveis vertebrais aumentou aos 90, 180 e 360 dias em comparação com 45 dias (p < 0,001) em ambos os grupos. O Grupo Ativo teve uma chance de consolidação 276% maior nos níveis vertebrais (OR = 3,76; IC 95%: 1,39-10,20), independentemente do momento da avaliação. Os pacientes do Grupo Ativo apresentaram 16% mais consolidação do que os pacientes no grupo inativo (p = 0,018). Conclusões: A exposição pós-operatória ao CEMP após artrodese instrumentada da coluna lombar na doença degenerativa da coluna vertebral aumentou a consolidação no primeiro ano após a cirurgia.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto del campo electromagnético pulsado (CEMP) en la consolidación de la artrodesis posterolateral lumbar instrumentada en pacientes tratados quirúrgicamente por enfermedad degenerativa de la columna vertebral. Métodos: Cuarenta casos fueron reclutados de 163 pacientes consecutivos sometidos a artrodesis lumbar en el mismo centro. Los pacientes fueron asignados al azar a dos grupos de 20 pacientes: Grupo Activo, que fue expuesto a CEMP durante 4 horas al día durante 90 días después de la cirugía y Grupo Inactivo, que recibió un dispositivo idéntico, con las mismas instrucciones de uso pero sin la capacidad de generar CEMP. Los pacientes fueron sometidos a tomografía computarizada a los 45, 90, 180 y 360 días después de la cirugía para comprobar la presencia de artrodesis en cada nivel operado de la columna. Resultados: En el curso del estudio, dos pacientes fueron excluidos de cada grupo. No hubo diferencias significativas entre los grupos con respecto a la edad, el sexo, el tabaquismo o el número de niveles vertebrales incluidos en la artrodesis. El porcentaje de consolidación de los niveles vertebrales aumentó a los 90, 180 y 360 días en comparación con 45 días (p < 0,001) en ambos grupos. El Grupo Activo tenía una probabilidad 276% mayor de consolidación en los niveles vertebrales (OR = 3,76; IC del 95%: 1,39-10,20), independientemente del momento de la evaluación. Los pacientes del Grupo Activo presentaron 16% más de consolidación que los pacientes del Grupo Inactivo (p = 0,018). Conclusiones: La exposición postoperatoria a CEMP después de la artrodesis instrumentada de la columna lumbar en la enfermedad degenerativa de la columna vertebral aumentó la consolidación en el primer año después de la cirugía.

Comparison of Puddu osteotomy with or without autologous bone grafting: a prospective clinical trial / Comparação de osteotomias de Puddu com ou sem enxerto ósseo autólogo: estudo clínico prospectivo

ABSTRACT Objectives: To test the hypothesis that autologous iliac bone grafts do not enhance clinical results and do not decrease complication rates in patients undergoing medial opening-wedge high tibial , osteotomy. Methods: Forty patients allocated in a randomized, two-armed, double-blinded clinical trial were evaluated between 2007 and 2010. One group received bone graft, and the other group was left without filling the osteotomy defect. The primary outcome was the Knee Society Score. , Radiographic measurement of the frontal anatomical femoral-tibial angle and the progression of osteoarthritis according to the modified Ahlback classification were used as secondary outcomes., Results: There was no difference in KSS scale between the graft group (64.4 ± 21.8) and the graftless group (61.6 ± 17.3; p= 0.309). There was no difference of angle between the femur and tibia in the frontal plane between the groups (graft, = 184 ± 4.6 degrees, graftless = 183.4 ± 5.1 degrees; p= 1.0), indicating that there is no loss of correction due to the lack of the graft. There was significant aggravation of osteoarthritis in a greater number of patients in a graft group (p= 0.005) . Conclusion: Autologous iliac bone graft does not improve clinical outcomes in medium and long-term follow-up of medial opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy fixed with a first generation Puddu plate in the conditions of this study.

RESUMO Objetivos: Avaliar a hipótese de que o enxerto ósseo autólogo da crista ilíaca não melhora o resultado clínico e não diminui a incidência de complicações em pacientes submetidos à osteotomia de Puddu. Métodos: Foram avaliados 40 pacientes alocados de forma aleatória em dois grupos em um estudo clínico duplo cego entre 2007 e 2010. Um grupo recebeu enxerto ósseo e o outro grupo foi deixado sem preenchimento da osteotomia. O desfecho primário foi a escala clínica daKnee Society(KSS). A medida radiográfica do ângulo anatômico entre o fêmur e a tíbia no plano frontal e a progressão da osteoartrite de acordo com a classificação modificada de Ahlback foram usadas como desfechos secundários. Resultados: Não houve diferença da escala KSS no grupo com enxerto (64,4 ± 21,8) e no grupo sem enxerto (61,6 ± 17,3; p = 0,309). Não houve diferença do ângulo entre o fêmur e a tíbia no plano frontal entre os grupos (com enxerto = 184 ± 4,6 graus; sem enxerto = 183,4 ± 5,1 graus; p = 1,0), indica que não há uma perda de correção pela falta do enxerto. Houve pioria da osteoartrite em um número maior de pacientes no grupo com enxerto (p = 0,005). Conclusão: O enxerto ósseo autólogo da crista ilíaca não melhorou o resultado clínico e não diminuiu a incidência de complicações em pacientes submetidos à osteotomia de Puddu, fixadas com placa-calço de primeira geração, nas condições deste estudo.

Keblish's lateral surgical approach enhances patellar tilt in valgus knee arthroplasty / Acesso lateral de Keblish melhora a inclinação da patela na artroplastia do joelho valgo

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of conventional medial and lateral approaches for total knee replacement in the valgus osteoarthritic knee. METHODS: In this randomized controlled trial, 21 patients with valgus knee osteoarthritis were randomized to total knee replacement through medial or lateral approach. The primary outcome was radiographic patellar tilt. Secondary outcomes were visual analog scale of pain, postoperative levels of hemoglobin, and clinical aspect of the operative wound. RESULTS: There were no differences between the groups regarding other clinical variables. Mean lateral tilt of the patella was 3.1 degrees (SD ± 5.3) in the lateral approach group and 18 degrees (SD ± 10.2) in the medial approach group (p = 0.02). There were no differences regarding the secondary outcomes. CONCLUSION: Lateral approach provided better patellar tilt following total knee replacement in valgus osteoarthritic knee.

RESUMO OBJETIVO: Comparar os resultados clínicos e radiológicos da via de acesso convencional com artrotomia medial e da via de acesso lateral na prótese total primária em joelho valgo. MÉTODOS: Neste ensaio clínico prospectivo, 21 pacientes com osteoartrite e deformidade em valgo foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos de acordo com a via de acesso cirúrgico usada: medial ou lateral. O desfecho principal foi a medida radiográfica da inclinação lateral da patela. Outros desfechos foram a dor após a cirurgia (escala visual de dor), o sangramento (níveis séricos de hemoglobina) e o aspecto clínico da ferida operatória. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença entre os grupos em relação a outras variáveis clínicas. A inclinação lateral média da patela no grupo lateral foi 3,1 graus ± 5,3 DP e no grupo medial foi 18 graus ± 10,2 DP (p = 0,02). Os outros desfechos não apresentaram diferenças entre os grupos. CONCLUSÃO: A via lateral proveu melhor inclinação lateral da patela pós-operatória nas artroplastias do joelho valgo.

Keblish's lateral surgical approach enhances patellar tilt in valgus knee arthroplasty.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of conventional medial and lateral approaches for total knee replacement in the valgus osteoarthritic knee. METHODS: In this randomized controlled trial, 21 patients with valgus knee osteoarthritis were randomized to total knee replacement through medial or lateral approach. The primary outcome was radiographic patellar tilt. Secondary outcomes were visual analog scale of pain, postoperative levels of hemoglobin, and clinical aspect of the operative wound. RESULTS: There were no differences between the groups regarding other clinical variables. Mean lateral tilt of the patella was 3.1 degrees (SD ± 5.3) in the lateral approach group and 18 degrees (SD ± 10.2) in the medial approach group (p = 0.02). There were no differences regarding the secondary outcomes. CONCLUSION: Lateral approach provided better patellar tilt following total knee replacement in valgus osteoarthritic knee.

OBJETIVO: Comparar os resultados clínicos e radiológicos da via de acesso convencional com artrotomia medial e da via de acesso lateral na prótese total primária em joelho valgo. MÉTODOS: Neste ensaio clínico prospectivo, 21 pacientes com osteoartrite e deformidade em valgo foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos de acordo com a via de acesso cirúrgico usada: medial ou lateral. O desfecho principal foi a medida radiográfica da inclinação lateral da patela. Outros desfechos foram a dor após a cirurgia (escala visual de dor), o sangramento (níveis séricos de hemoglobina) e o aspecto clínico da ferida operatória. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença entre os grupos em relação a outras variáveis clínicas. A inclinação lateral média da patela no grupo lateral foi 3,1 graus ± 5,3 DP e no grupo medial foi 18 graus ± 10,2 DP (p = 0,02). Os outros desfechos não apresentaram diferenças entre os grupos. CONCLUSÃO: A via lateral proveu melhor inclinação lateral da patela pós-operatória nas artroplastias do joelho valgo.

Isokinetic evaluation after two-stage bicruciate reconstruction.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the functional balance of the knee after bicruciate reconstruction and its correlation with clinical score. METHODS: 14 patients (11 men and three women), mean age 29.9±7.65 years, mean BMI 26.2±2.51 kg/m(2) underwent surgical reconstruction of the Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) and Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) in two stages, with a mean interval of 3 months between procedures. With a mean follow-up period of 27.33 months, the isokinetic knee analysis was performed at 60°/s and 180°/s and the Lysholm and Tegner scores were applied. RESULTS: The Lysholm score was 86.8±11.1 points and the Tegner score showed a deficit of 30% compared to pre-injury level. In isokinetic evaluation, the deficit of the operated quadriceps average torque was 17.05% at 60°/s and 12.16% at 180°/s, while the average flexor torque deficit was 3.43% at 60°/s and 5.82% at 180°/s. Although it was observed torque deficit between members, there were no statistical differences regarding the functional balance between hamstrings and quadriceps. CONCLUSION: Although the results of isokinetic evaluation has shown a functional balance of the knee (flexor-extensor), which may have contributed to the good subjective Lysholm score in the bicruciate two-stage reconstruction, two-stage reconstruction did not restore the pre-injury functional level. Level of Evidence IV, Case Series.