[Proposal for initial management of uncomplicated ST elevation myocardial infarction in centers without percutaneous coronary intervention capacity in Peru]. / Propuesta de manejo inicial del infarto de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST no complicado en centros sin capacidad de intervención coronaria percutánea en el Perú.

ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a clinical entity whose adequate treatment will depend on its prompt recognition, accurate diagnosis, and management in reperfusion networks. The first contact with these patients is generally done in centers without reperfusion capacity, attended by non-cardiologist doctors, and in centers far from hospitals with greater resolution capacity, something that is well known in our country. This manuscript proposes a strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of STEMI in centers without percutaneous coronary intervention capacity of the public health system in Peru, emphasizing not losing sight of electrocardiographic patterns compatible with coronary artery occlusion, adequate fibrinolysis and management of its complications, the treatment of infarction in special populations and highlighting the importance of the pharmacoinvasive strategy as the main form of reperfusion treatment in our country.

Outcomes in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention or pharmacoinvasive strategy in a Latin American country.

OBJECTIVE: The primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) is the preferred reperfusion strategy for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The pharmacoinvasive strategy (PIs) is a reasonable alternative when prompt PPCI is not possible, especially in resource-limited regions. We aimed to compare PPCI versus PIs outcomes in Peru. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study based on the second Peruvian Registry of STEMI (PERSTEMI II). We compared the characteristics, in-hospital outcomes and 30-day mortality of patients undergoing PPCI during the first 12 h and those receiving a PIs. A propensity score-matched analysis was conducted to compare the effects of each treatment strategy on clinical outcomes. RESULTS: PIs patients were younger than PPCI patients, had a shorter first medical contact time, first medical contact to reperfusion time, and total ischemic time until reperfusion. Successful PCI was more frequent in the PIs group (84.4% vs. 71.1%, p = 0.035). There were no differences between PIs and PPCI in terms of total in-hospital mortality (5.2% vs. 6.6%, p = 0.703), cardiovascular mortality (4.2% vs. 5.3%, p = 0.735), cardiogenic shock (8.3% vs. 13.2%, p = 0.326), heart failure (19.8% vs. 30.3%, p = 0.112), or major bleeding (0% vs. 2.6%, p = 0.194). In the propensity score-matched analysis, the rates of cardiovascular mortality, postinfarction heart failure and successful reperfusion were similar. CONCLUSIONS: In this real-world study, no differences were found in the in-hospital outcomes between patients with STEMI who received PIs or PPCI.

[Severe aortic stenosis and familial hypercholesterolemia]. / Estenosis aórtica severa e hipercolesterolemia familiar.

Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HFH) is a rare and life-threatening disease that can manifest as coronary artery disease or severe aortic stenosis before twenties. We present the case of a male adolescent who was hospitalized with a clinical diagnosis of HFH and severe aortic stenosis. He underwent aortic valve replacement with mechanical prosthesis and aortic annulus enlargement, and two aortocoronary bypasses were implanted due to an intraoperative complication. The patient evolved favourably and was discharged with combination therapy with high-intensity statins and ezetimibe.

[Treatment of acute myocardial infarction in Peru and its relationship with in-hospital adverse events: results from the second peruvian registry of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (PERSTEMI-II).] / Tratamiento del infarto agudo de miocardio en el Perú y su relación con eventos adversos intrahospitalarios: resultados del segundo registro peruano de infarto de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST (PERSTEMI-II).

Background: ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and myocardial reperfusion, when adequate, reduces the complications of this entity. The aim of the study was to describe the clinical and treatment characteristics of STEMI in Peru and the relationship of successful reperfusion with in-hospital adverse events. Materials and methods: Prospective, multicenter cohort of STEMI patients attended during 2020 in public hospitals in Peru. We evaluated the clinical, therapeutic characteristics and in-hospital adverse events, also the relationship between successful reperfusion and adverse events. Results: A total of 374 patients were included, 69.5% in Lima and Callao. Fibrinolysis was used in 37% of cases (pharmacoinvasive 26% and fibrinolysis alone 11%), primary angioplasty with < 12 hours of evolution in 20%, late angioplasty in 9% and 34% did not access adequate reperfusion therapies, mainly due to late presentation. Ischemia time was longer in patients with primary angioplasty compared to fibrinolysis (median 7.7 hours (RIQ 5-10) and 4 hours (RIQ 2.3-5.5) respectively). Mortality was 8.5%, the incidence of post-infarction heart failure was 27.8% and of cardiogenic shock 11.5%. Successful reperfusion was associated with lower cardiovascular mortality (RR:0.28; 95%CI: 0.12-0.66, p=0.003) and lower incidence of heart failure during hospitalization (RR: 0.61; 95%CI: 0.43-0.85, p=0.004). Conclusions: Fibrinolysis continues to be the most frequent reperfusion therapy in public hospitals in Peru. Shorter ischemia-to-reperfusion time was associated with reperfusion success, and in turn with fewer in-hospital adverse events.

Sindrome de Brugada: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Brugada syndrome: a case report and review

Desde su primera descripción el Sindrome de Brugada ha despertado gran interés científico como causa de muerte súbita. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 45 años quien ingresó al hospital en arresto cardiaco y en su evolución se le diagnosticó Sindrome de Brugada lográndose el implante de un cardiodesfibrilador como opción terapéutica definitiva. Resaltamos la importancia de reconocer el patrón electrocardiográfico característico y de considerar esta canalopatía en el diagnóstico diferencial de muerte súbita.

Since its first description the Brugada Syndrome has attracted great scientific interest because it is a cause ofsudden death. We show the case of a man 45 years old who arrived to our hospital in cardiac arrest. During hospitalization he was diagnosed with Brugada Syndrome. He received an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator as definitive treatment. We highlight the importance of being aware of the classic electrocardiographic pattern and considering this channelopathy in the differential diagnosis of cardiac arrest.