[Hyper-IgM syndrome: mucocutaneous lesions and neutropenia]. / Síndrome de hiper-IgM: lesiones mucocutáneas y neutropenia.

The hyper-IgM syndrome is a rare immunodeficiency disease in which the ability of B cells to switch immunoglobulin production from IgM to IgG, IgA and IgE is defective. The deficiency of IgG and IgA leads to recurrent infections of the respiratory tract, but some patients are susceptible to infection with opportunistic microorganisms, such as Cryptococcus neoformans, and also are prone to neutropenia and mucocutaneous ulcerations. We report a case of a two-year-old boy that was given the diagnosis of the hyper-IgM syndrome on the basis of low serum concentrations of IgG and IgA and high serum levels of IgM associated with C. neoformans infection, neutropenia and mucocutaneous ulcerations. Intravenous immune globulin improves dramatically the disorder, including neutropenia. To date, periodical infusion of immune globulin has prevented the development of serious infections.

[use of a Staphylococcus bacterial vaccine in pediatric patients with chronic sinusitis]. / Uso de vacuna bacteriana de Staphylococcus en pacientes pediátricos con sinusitis crónica.

INTRODUCTION: The antigenic extracts of bacterial vaccine (Staphylococcus aureus) they increase the phagocitosis, the immunoglobulins concentrations and they help in the immunologic response. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of the bacterial vaccine in patient pediatric with chronic sinusitis. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Through a prospective, observational, descriptive and logitudinal study 50 patients were studied with clinical and radiological diagnosis of chronic sinusitis in the period of May from 1997 to July of 1998; they talked to three outlines of antibiotics, they were made studies of cytology hematic, of snot, perspired pharyngeal and immunoglobulin determination and x-rays of breasts paranasals. The extract of 0.1 ml was applied twice up to 0.5 ml per week, subcutaneous trial during eight months, with pursuit of six months and control of cytology hematic, as well as immunoglobulin determination. RESULTS: 82% (41) of the patients they improved and nine (18%) they persisted with symptoms, of these five required the antimicrobials prescription, three tonsillectomi. There was an immunoglobulin increment, mainly of the IgA and IgG in 38 (76%) patient.

[Vasculitis and viral infection]. / Vasculitis e infección viral.

Viruses have been implicated in vasculitis. To determine activity of viral infection associated with vasculitis. 17 patients with vasculitis had been in immunological and antiviral antibodies evaluation. Twenty five healthy controls sex and age matched with hematic biometry (BH) and AA. All subjects were negative to HIV and HBV. Viral activity was demonstrated in eight patients; vascular purpura (5), Takayasu disease (1), polyarteritis nodosa (1), erythema nodosum (1). None subject of control group had IgM activity. Antibodies response of IgG in patients were of lesser intensity than in control group. 14 abnormalities in BH were found in patients and 4 in control group. Immune response in patients, measured by lymphocyte subpopulations and circulating immune complexes was abnormal. In conclusion 47% showed viral activity, but the dominant feature was abnormal immune response in 82%.

[Skin test with aeroallergens untested in Mexico]. / Prueba cutánea con aeroalergenos no probados en México.

This study was carried out to prove that some molds even not studied in Mexico can be able to incit a positive skin test. We tested 43 adults (15-45 years old), 34 of them suffering respiratory allergy verified by roentgenography and laboratory tests including traditional intradermic allergic test. 9 subjects served as control group. We used manual scarification to Ustilago maydis, Rhodotorula rubra, Puccinia graminis, Cunhigamella sp and Zyncephalastrum sp. Our patients showed a positive skin test in 26, 12, 12, 9 and 6% respectively. This Fisher exact test do not detects significative differences. We conclude this molds can be able to incit an immune reaction IgE mediated and the must be tested in allergic patients from farmer communities.

[Multiple sclerosis]. / Esclerosis múltiple.

Multiple sclerosis, a neurological problem in which mechanisms of autoimmunity and immunodeficiency may cause damage appears with a variable range of immune response. In this paper we classify in three grate subgroups the alterations observed in our patients: Type I: specific defect of immune response; Type II: immunodeficiency with autoimmune responses; Type III: mixed responses: autoimmunity with specific defect of immune response and increased cytotoxicity. A rational explanation about the various immunological changes emerged from comprehension of these mechanisms of response and following these hypothesis we propose an immunological classification of multiple sclerosis in other to reach more effective therapeutic goals.

[Skin hypersensitivity: intradermal hypersensitivity to allergen extracts and its relation to the place of residence]. / Estudio de hipersensibilidad cutánea: intradérmica a extractos alergénicos y su relación con el lugar de residencia.

A retrospective review of 308 clinical files of patient to respond at immunological and clinical allergic service of the Centro Medico 20 de Noviembre, ISSSTE for suffer with allergica illnes, realized by aeroalergens sensitization and determination frequency (intradermoreactions mediated) and relation to area living. The patients was highly sensitive at dust and dermatophagoides (75 and 40% respectively) others aeroalergen caused sensitization in the Capriola dactylon (37%), Amarantus palmieri (35.5%), Fracxinus (34.6%), Ambrosia elatior (33%), Candida (21.4%), Penicillium (18.1%), Mucor y Rizopus (17.8% each one).

[Effectiveness of sodium cromoglycate in the reduction of bronchodilator doses in asthmatic patients]. / Efectividad del cromoglicato de sodio en la reducción de las dosis de broncodilatadores en pacientes asmáticos.

Thirty asthmatic patients, ages ranging from 6 to 72 years, who were submitted to a 14 weeks clinical evaluation, were studied measuring the severity of dysnea, coughing, expectoration and wheezing. Sodium chromoglycate (SCG) was administered in aerosol starting the second week of the study and the doses of bronchial dilators was reduced starting the fourth week, with a 25% decrease in the total established initial dosage, every two weeks. In this study, SCG showed to be useful in decreasing symptoms caused by bronchial hyperreactivity and the use of bronchial dilators in 70% of asthmatics who react with the presence of just one risk factor (cold, the most frequent).

[Intestinal lymphagiectasis. Use of immunoregulators]. / Linfangiectasia intestinal. Uso de inmunorreguladores.

The authors present a patient with intestinal lymphangiectasis discussing the pathophysiology, diagnosis and immunologic treatment instituted which was with mebendazole, sulfazalosopyridine and oral calcium. Immunoglobulins and T and B leukocytes showed increase together with clinical improvement in the diarrheal picture.

[Immunological status of patients with amebic hepatic abscess]. / Estado inmunológico en pacientes con absceso hepático amibiano

The authors studied 10 cases of amoebic hepatic abscess documented by clinical evidence and confirmed by laboratory tests, liver scan and a good response to treatment. The immunological state of the patients was determined by protein electrophoresis, immunoelectrophoresis, counter-immunoelectrophoresis, radial immunodiffusion and roset formation for T and B lymphocytes. It is concluded that the alterations of cellular and humoral immunity is evident in cases of amoebic hepatic abscess; this alterations are more clear in the acute form of the illness and the immunological deficiency is more significant in the celular immunity.