ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: To assess the effectiveness of vitamin A supplementation in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants to prevent complications of prematurity. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study to determine the effectiveness of vitamin A in preventing complications of prematurity in VLBW infants. Vitamin A was delivered intramuscularly at a dose of 5000 IU, three times weekly during the first 28 days of life. RESULTS: Of the 187 eligible VLBW infants, we excluded from the analysis (due to death or transfer to another hospital), 16 infants weighing <1000 g and 17 weighing 1000-1500 g. Sixty VLBW infants received the vitamin supplement. We observed no differences between the groups in the duration of oxygen therapy or in the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The risk of sepsis was up to three times higher among the infants who were given the vitamin A supplement. CONCLUSION: Given the increased risk of sepsis in patients weighing >1000 g, the risk associated with repeated intramuscular injections of vitamin A and the modest clinical results described, we do not believe the universal administration of vitamin A to VLBW infants to be justified as prophylaxis for bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
Subject(s)
Infant, Premature, Diseases/prevention & control , Infant, Very Low Birth Weight , Vitamin A/therapeutic use , Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/prevention & control , Cerebral Hemorrhage/prevention & control , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Premature , Male , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy , Retinopathy of Prematurity/prevention & control , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Sepsis/prevention & controlABSTRACT
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Subject(s)
Male , Child , Humans , Infant, Low Birth Weight/physiology , Intestinal Obstruction/complications , Intestinal Obstruction/diagnosis , Pigmentation Disorders/complications , Pigmentation Disorders/diagnosis , Manometry/methods , Apgar Score , Waardenburg Syndrome/complications , Waardenburg Syndrome/diagnosis , Pigmentation Disorders/epidemiology , Pigmentation Disorders/physiopathology , Pigmentation Disorders/therapy , Biopsy/methods , Hypopigmentation/complicationsABSTRACT
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Subject(s)
Child , Male , Infant, Newborn , Humans , Urachus , Umbilical Cord , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Vaccines, Conjugate , Pneumococcal Infections , Meningococcal Vaccines , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Pneumococcal Vaccines , Drug InteractionsABSTRACT
Russel-Silver syndrome is characterized by severe intrauterine growth retardation and is the most characteristic intrauterine dwarfism syndrome. In addition to short stature, low birth weight and reduced postnatal growth, this syndrome is characterized by features such a relative macrocephaly, a typical craniofacial appearance, asymmetry of the body and other abnormalities. Recent studies on developmental delay in these children have shown that most require special education. Attempts to explain the mechanism underlying this condition have been unsuccessful. Recent studies suggest a genetic cause, mainly uniparental disomy 7, although definitive data are lacking. We report a characteristic case of Russel-Silver syndrome: a newborn with fetal growth retardation, the craniofacial features described by Russel, relative macrocephaly, asymmetry of the body and very low weight increase.
Subject(s)
Abnormalities, Multiple/diagnosis , Bone and Bones/abnormalities , Craniofacial Abnormalities/diagnosis , Dwarfism/diagnosis , Fetal Growth Retardation/diagnosis , Infant, Low Birth Weight , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , SyndromeABSTRACT
El síndrome de Russel-Silver es una entidad caracterizada por un retraso importante del crecimiento intrauterino, y es el más característico de los nanismos intrauterinos. Además de la baja talla y peso al nacimiento, este síndrome se caracteriza por una serie de hallazgos característicos como macrocefalia relativa, rasgos faciales característicos, asimetría corporal y otra serie de malformaciones. Los últimos estudios realizados sobre posibles alteraciones cognitivas en estos niños detectan que la mayoría de los pacientes requieren seguimiento y atención especial. Los intentos por explicar la etiología de esta entidad han fracasado, aunque los últimos estudios apuntan hacia un origen genético, sobre todo disomía uniparental del cromosoma 7, si bien aún no existen datos definitivos. Se presenta uno de los casos más característicos descritos de síndrome de Russel-Silver, en el que aparecen la gran mayoría de los hallazgos relacionados con este cuadro. Un recién nacido con retraso del crecimiento intrauterino, con las alteraciones faciales descritas por Russel, macrocefalia relativa, asimetría corporal y una curva de ganancia ponderal pobre (AU)
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Subject(s)
Male , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Female , Humans , Infant, Low Birth Weight , Exanthema , Syndrome , Craniofacial Abnormalities , Bone and Bones , Dwarfism , Abnormalities, Multiple , Fetal Growth RetardationABSTRACT
To asses the possible role of prostaglandins in the fetoplacental circulation during delivery PGE and PGF2-alfa plasma levels were measured in the umbilical vessels of term newborns. The levels of PGF2-alfa in blood from the umbilical vein are significantly higher and more variable than in the umbilical artery; 83.38 +/- 78.05 pg/ml versus 43.28 +/- 5.32 pg/ml. PGE levels are also higher in the vein 114.73 +/- 25.16 pg/ml than in the artery 83.63 +/- 9.22 pg/ml. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between the arterial pH and PGE in the umbilical vein these results support the idea that the plasmatic umbilical prostaglandins are synthetized by the placenta the variability in the values obtained in venous umbilical blood may reflect the different times of ligation of the umbilical cord. A decrease in fetal pH may be the stimulus for the prostaglandin synthesis by the placenta.
