ABSTRACT
The chemical composition of wine grapes changes qualitatively and quantitatively during the ripening process. In addition to the sugar content, which determines the alcohol content of the wine, it is necessary to consider the phenolic composition of the grape skins and seeds to obtain quality red wines. In this work, some imaging techniques have been used for the comprehensive characterisation of the chemical composition of red grapes (cv. Tempranillo and cv. Syrah) grown in a warm-climate region during two seasons. In addition, and for the first time, mathematical models trained with laboratory images have been extrapolated for using in field images, obtaining interesting results. Determination coefficients of 0.90 for sugars, 0.73 for total phenols, and 0.73 for individual anthocyanins in grape skins have been achieved with a portable hyperspectral camera between 400 and 1000 nm, and 0.83 for total and individual phenols in grape seeds with a desktop hyperspectral camera between 900 and 1700 nm.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The Emerald project's focus is on how to strengthen mental health systems in six low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) (Ethiopia, India, Nepal, Nigeria, South Africa and Uganda). This was done by generating evidence and capacity to enhance health system performance in delivering mental healthcare.A common problem in scaling-up interventions and strengthening mental health programmes in LMICs is how to transfer research evidence, such as the data collected in the Emerald project, into practice. AIMS: To describe how core elements of Emerald were implemented and aligned with the ultimate goal of strengthening mental health systems, as well as their short-term impact on practices, policies and programmes in the six partner countries. METHOD: We focused on the involvement of policy planners, managers, patients and carers. RESULTS: Over 5 years of collaboration, the Emerald consortium has provided evidence and tools for the improvement of mental healthcare in the six LMICs involved in the project. We found that the knowledge transfer efforts had an impact on mental health service delivery and policy planning at the sites and countries involved in the project. CONCLUSIONS: This approach may be valid beyond the mental health context, and may be effective for any initiative that aims at implementing evidence-based health policies for health system strengthening.
ABSTRACT
The potential of visible-near-infrared spectroscopy to determine selected individual and total glucosinolates in broccoli has been evaluated. Modified partial least-squares regression was used to develop quantitative models to predict glucosinolate contents. Both the whole spectrum and different spectral regions were separately evaluated to develop the quantitative models; in all cases the best results were obtained using the near-infrared zone between 2000 and 2498 nm. These models have been externally validated for the screening of glucoraphanin, glucobrassicin, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin, neoglucobrassicin, and total glucosinolates contents. In addition, discriminant partial least-squares was used to distinguish between two possible broccoli cultivars and showed a high degree of accuracy. In the case of the qualitative analysis, best results were obtained using the whole spectrum (i.e., 400-2498 nm) with a correct classification rate of 100% in external validation being obtained.
Subject(s)
Brassica/chemistry , Glucosinolates/analysis , Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared , Feasibility Studies , Imidoesters/analysis , Indoles/analysis , Least-Squares Analysis , Oximes , Phytochemicals/analysis , Reproducibility of Results , SulfoxidesABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of extraction systems on the anthocyanin index, antioxidant kinetics (DPPH-radical scavenging capacity) and color of purple corn (Zea mays) seeds. The factors studied were: extraction system (methanol, 100%, 80%, 60%, 40, 20% v/v) using hydrochloric acid as a means of acidifying. Tristimulus colorimetry was applied to evaluate quantitatively and qualitatively the process. The estimated effect and ANOVA parameters were calculated. The anthocyanins index (TAI) in different extraction systems was between 1.09 to 2.87 mg/g. The highest anthocyanin index was obtained at an extraction system of 100% methanol. To determine their radical scavenging capacity, the second-order rate constant for the oxidation of these extraction systems measured by the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical) method, ranged from 1.19x10-2 to 1.27x10-2 (mg/mL)-1(s-1). The greatest second-order rate constant was obtained at an extraction system of 60% methanol. Regarding the simple regressions analysis the anthocyanin index showed a better relationship with CIELAB parameters: (L*; r =-0.928, p < 0.05), (a*; r = 0.982, p < 0.01), (b*; r = 0.927, p < 0.05), (C*ab; r = 0.9793, p < 0.01) and (hab; r = -0.936, p < 0.05). However, the correlation existing between color parameters and the second-order rate constant did not show a good relationship. When multiple linear regression analysis were applied considering the angular coordinates (L*, C*ab, hab) as independent variable values, a R2 nearing 1 was obtained for anthocyanins index. While a value of R2 = 0.63 was obtained for the second-order rate constant.
Subject(s)
Anthocyanins , KineticsABSTRACT
The mineral content and color characteristics of 77 honey samples were analyzed. Eighteen minerals were quantified for each honey. Multiple linear regression (MLR) was used to establish equations relating the colorimetric CIELAB coordinates to the mineral data. The results obtained shown that lightness (L) was significantly correlated with S, Ca, Fe, As, Pb, and Cd for the dark honey types (avocado, heather, chestnut, and honeydew). For the light and brown honey types (citrus, rosemary, lavender, eucalyptus, and thyme), C(ab) and b showed the lower correlation with the mineral content of the honeys; their regression functions involve a few independent variables (Mg and Al for b and only Al for C(ab)). Furthermore, by means of application of linear discriminant analysis to the mineral content, it was possible to obtain a model that classifies the honeys by their lightness. The prediction ability of the built model, determined with the test set method, was 85%.
Subject(s)
Color , Honey/analysis , Minerals/analysis , Plants/chemistry , Analysis of Variance , Flowers , Regression AnalysisABSTRACT
Se determinaron en saliva los niveles de ICAM-1 e IgAs en 44 pacientes con diagnóstico clínico de Estomatitis Aftosa Recurrente. 15 pacientes en fase aguda, 15 en fase de remisión y 14 individuos aparentemente sanos, sin antecedentes de patologías de importancia. El sexo predominante en los tres fue el femenino con una edad promedio de 30 años. Para la cuantificación de ICAM-1 en saliva se utilizó una técnica inmunoenzimática (ELISA) (Lab. ABBOTT), así como para la determinación de niveles séricos de anticuerpos IgG y IgM VEB y anti CMV. La cuantificación de IgA se realizó por inmunodifusión radial simple. Los resultados fueron estadísticamente interpretados por técnicas de análisis de varianza. Los niveles de ICAM-1 se encontraron elevados en aquellos pacientes con diagnóstico de EAR, tanto en fase aguda como de remisión. Los niveles de IgAs fueron más bajos en los pacientes (tanto en fase aguda como en remisión de la enfermedad), en comparación con el grupo control. No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas de los niveles de ICAM-1 e IgAs encontrados en la fase aguda de la enfermedad al compararlos con los encontrados en la fase de remisión. Todos los pacientes presentaron niveles séricos de IgG anti EBV y anti CMV positivos. Lo mismo se reportó para el grupo control
