[(LANDSCAPE MALARIOLOGICAL ZONING OF SOUTHERN UZBEKISTAN FOR THE PREVENTION OF MALARIA RESUMPTION)].

To effectively control malaria, it is necessary to identify landscapes that are most favorable for its transmission. To achieve this goal, the authors developed landscape malariological zoning of Southern Uzbekistan as the most problematic area for malaria in the country. For landscape malariological zoning, the investigators applied the method developed by A.Ya.Lysenko et al. (1956), which allowed identification of different types of malariogenic landscapes, by using the existing scheme of physical and geographical zoning. The existing physical and geographical areas identified were assigned malariological characteristics, which permitted assessment of the landscapes of Southern Uzbekistan from the point of view of whether there is a risk of local malaria transmission. The zoning could identify 5 types of malariogenic landscapes. The most malariologically dangerous areas are the landscapes of lowland river valleys and irrigated (irrigation channel)-lands, where there is the larg- est area of anophelogenic reservoirs. The malariological situation in the low-hill landscapes depends on the situation in the lowland river and irrigation channel landscapes. An epidemic outbreak may occur in the mid-mountain landscapes if a large number of an infection carrier and source are present. The results can be used to optimize anti-malarial interventions, prognosis, and prevention of malaria resumption in the area under study.

[The "natural focal diseases" medical and geographical atlas of Russia as a tool to analyze their incidence in the population].

The Faculty of Geography, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, is creating a "Natural Focal Diseases" medical and geographical atlas of Russia. The paper considers the possibilities of the atlas to monitor and assess the epidemiological situation of a number of diseases. The atlas allows one to define a spectrum of the most epidemically significant natural focal diseases in Russia, to quantitatively characterize their incidence in the population, and to visualize it in a series of maps, to make a medical geographical analysis of the prevalence of the nosological entities of natural focal diseases in both individual subjects of the Russian Federation and in Russia as a whole. By using tick-borne encephalitis as an example, the authors consider approaches to analyzing the incidence of natural focal infections, by using different types of the maps given in the atlas.

[Module approach to training medical parasitologists in the control and prevention of malaria].

By using the training of medical parasitologists in malaria control, the authors unveil methods for teaching medical parasitology. In the context of a module approach in the additional professional education of physicians, they show how to arrange a teaching process whose goal is to provide a set of the professional competencies of trainees as a means of its achievement--the module construction of the content and structure of professional education.

[Malaria in Moscow: evaluation of the vulnerability and susceptibility of an area].

Before eradication of malaria in the USSR, there was a steady transmission of vivax malaria in the Moscow Region. In the posteradication period, there were two insignificant cases of local transmission: in 1972 and 1982. However, since 1999, there has been a local transmission of malaria every year. The possible causes of the transmission are analyzed. This includes a change in favor of better climatic conditions for malaria transmission in 1948 to 2004. It is shown that a weather quality jump in about 1984, which appeared as the area's higher susceptibility. A great deal of anophelogenic water reservoirs open the way to a local transmission in summer months. The vulnerability of the area has increased with a larger number of migrants from the endemic areas of the former USSR. Thus, more cases of malaria import (increased vulnerability), possibilities of the carrier to multiply, better climatic conditions for transmitting malaria (increased susceptibility) have created conditions for worsening its situation in the Moscow Region.

[Electron microscope analysis of the transplacental effect of azathioprine on the pancreas of albino mouse embryos]. / Ul'tramikroskopicheskii analiz transplatsentarnogo deistviia azatioprina na podzheludochnuiu zhelezu émbrionov beloi myshi.

An electron microscopic investigation has been performed to study the transplantation effect of azathioprine (imuran) on the pancreas of the white mouse embryos. Azathioprine is administered to female mice at various time of pregnancy. The pancreas of 19-20-day-old embryos is studied. Azathioprine produces an unfavourable effect on the embryonal pancreacytes; it is manifested as some disorders in structure of organelles, appearance of the intracellular degeneration foci, disturbed maturation of the zymogen granules, premature secretion of zymogen into the acinar lumen during the prenatal period. In the insulocytes similar changes are observed in their organelles, as well as appearance of unusual in size alpha- and beta-granules. As a whole, the epithelium of the endocrine part of the gland is evidently more resistive to the preparation.