ABSTRACT
Purpose of the work is to select the indices of immunograms, associated with immunosenescence. The lymphocyte subpopulations were defined by the method of polychrome flowing cytometry in 276 patients of 90+ year with the identical spectrum of chronic unspecific inflammatory diseases. The cluster was revealed consisting of subpopulation of T-lymphocytes (T-lymph) with the high frequency of deviations from standard--helper CD4+, cytotoxic CD8+--T-lymph. The activation of immunity was confirmed by the expression of HLA-DR molecule in 100% of persons with an increase of the absolute number CD4+ and/or CD8+. Reduction in the CD8+ and/or CD4+ was associated with the immune deficient state and the frequency of the increased actTcontent within limits of 63-83%. In 36 long-livers a quantity CD4+ and CD8+ corresponded to standard, 33 of them demonstrated actT exceeded standard. These patients were carried to the group of activation also. Basic group had the quantity CD8+ deficit (73%). In this group, frequency of the development of neuro-degenerate distributions and pathologic changes in the osteomuscular tissue were reliably higher in the persons at the age of 92 years and older than in persons younger 92 years. We consider that CD8+ deficit at the age older 90 year is biomarker of immunosenescence and the risk of an increase in the frequency of development of chronic unspecific inflammatory diseases.
Subject(s)
Aging/immunology , CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology , CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology , Lymphocyte Activation/immunology , T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology , Aged, 80 and over , Aging/blood , Aging/pathology , Biomarkers/blood , CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology , CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology , Flow Cytometry , HLA-DR Antigens/immunology , Humans , Immunoglobulins/blood , Longevity/immunology , Lymphocyte Count , Monitoring, Immunologic , T-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytologyABSTRACT
Comparative analysis of the dynamics of somatic and sensorimotor development was performed in Wistar rat pups subjected to short (30 min) and long (180 min) daily maternal separations in the first 10 days after birth. Somatic and sensorimotor development in the pre-weaning period in rat pups subjected to the long maternal separations was shown to be considerably slower than in those subjected to the short removals from the nest. The most significant delay in the formation of sensorimotor reactions occurred in the second half of pre-weaning period. The results suggest that pup's rearing conditions during the first ten postnatal days are important for the timely development of functions of the nervous systems.
Subject(s)
Behavior, Animal/physiology , Maternal Deprivation , Motor Activity/physiology , Animals , Animals, Suckling , Body Mass Index , Female , Rats , Rats, Wistar , WeaningABSTRACT
The impact of long-term intake of drinking water containing the high level of chromium and benzene or their mixture on navigation learning and long-term spatial memory was studied in a Morris water maze. The chronic neurotoxic effect of benzene was characterized by worse long-term memory, which upon its exposure in combination with chromium remained unchanged and failed to block the realization of a positive effect of chromium on the mechanism of navigation learning.
Subject(s)
Benzene/toxicity , Chromium/toxicity , Learning Disabilities/psychology , Learning/drug effects , Memory Disorders/psychology , Memory/drug effects , Administration, Oral , Animals , Benzene/administration & dosage , Chromium/administration & dosage , Drug Combinations , Follow-Up Studies , Learning/physiology , Learning Disabilities/chemically induced , Male , Memory/physiology , Memory Disorders/chemically induced , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Swimming/psychology , Time Factors , Trace Elements/administration & dosage , Trace Elements/toxicityABSTRACT
The relationship between the process of ethanol preference formation in rat pups periodically separated from mothers during the first half of the nest period and the intensity of maternal behavior of females was studied. The progeny of females with poor maternal behavior and/or separated from mothers is characterized by slow somatic development and high level of ethanol consumption. The quality of maternal care was inessential for the formation of ethanol preference in rats separated from mothers.
Subject(s)
Alcohol Drinking/psychology , Alcohol-Related Disorders/psychology , Central Nervous System Depressants/administration & dosage , Ethanol/administration & dosage , Maternal Behavior/psychology , Maternal Deprivation , Analysis of Variance , Animals , Body Weight/drug effects , Female , Linear Models , Random Allocation , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Time FactorsABSTRACT
In 93 persons aged 90 to 103 years old the subpopulation compositon of lymphocytes and the level of thymic serum activity (TSA) was studied. In the presence of polymorbidity the low level of TSA was observed in 81% of examinees, with the quantitative deficiency in the relative and absolute number of CD3+CD8+ T-lymphocytes (62% and 78% respectively) and the excess in the number CD3+CD4-CD8- T-lymphocytes (42% and 57% respectively). Among CD3+CD4-CD8- T-lymphocytes cells with phenotypes CD3+/-CD4-CD8-CD16- and CD3+CD4-CD16+ were determined. In prolonged imunomonitoring the reciprocacity of changes in the amount of CD3+/-CD4-CD8-CD16- T-lymphocytes was established in relation to the level of TCA and the number of CD3+CD8+ T-lymphocytes. The reversibility of these changes is indicative of the potential of reactivity of the immune system in longlivers. The positive result of laser therapy in persons with quantitative deficiency of CD3+CD8+ T-lymphocytes and the presence of cells with phenotype CD3+/-CD4-CD8-CD16- was associated with the restoration of the size of CD3+CD8+ subpopulation and a decrease in an amount of CD3+/-CD4-CD8-CD16-. The unfavorable prognostic sign was, seemingly, the quantitative deficiency of CD3+CD8+ T-lymphocytes with the low level of TCA in the absence of CD3+/-CD4-CD8-CD16- T-lymphocytes.
Subject(s)
Aging/immunology , CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology , CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology , Serum/immunology , T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology , T-Lymphocytes/immunology , Aged, 80 and over , Animals , CD3 Complex/analysis , Humans , Immunophenotyping , Lymphocyte Count , Mice , Receptors, IgG/analysis , Rosette Formation , Spleen/immunology , ThymectomyABSTRACT
An integrated system of examination of female patients was used to detect the mammary-gland pathologies at the Central Clinic of Russia's Federal Security Service in the ambulatory and clinical settings. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy monitored by ultrasound as well as target aspiration biopsy based on the "Mammodiagnost-400" X-ray unit with the "Cytoguide" stereoscopic attachment (pistol-needle system) were applied to obtain the cell samples in nonpalpable neoplasms of the mammary gland; fine-needle aspiration biopsy without ultrasound monitoring was used in palpable neoplasms. Diagnosis was morphologically verified in all cases. Pathologies of the mammary gland prevailed, within the examinees, at an age of 44 to 53. The number of malignant neoplasms made 7.6% of the total number of examinees. The results of intraoperative cytological examinations correlated, in all cases, with histological conclusions. The final diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical and X-ray examinations and of cytological conclusions. The diagnosis was histologically verified in 40% of cases. According to the data analysis, histological examinations are necessary and should be in the list of diagnosis-verification measures within the system of integrated examinations of female patients with pathologies of the mammary gland.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Ambulatory Care , Biopsy, Fine-Needle , Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Periodic exposure of pregnant rats to hypercapnia (10% CO(2)) delayed the development of mechanisms underlying respiratory rhythmogenesis in newborn animals during the early postnatal period. In vitro studies showed that rhythmic activity of the respiratory center in newborn rats (days 0-3) was 2-3-fold lower than that in intact preparations. Age-related changes of respiratory activity were absent, while the reactions of the respiratory center to CO(2) were suppressed compared to the control.
Subject(s)
Hypercapnia , Medulla Oblongata/cytology , Neurons/metabolism , Respiration , Spinal Cord/cytology , Age Factors , Animals , Animals, Newborn , Efferent Pathways , Embryo, Mammalian/physiology , Female , Maternal Exposure , Medulla Oblongata/metabolism , Pregnancy , Rats , Spinal Cord/metabolismABSTRACT
Power spectral analysis of inspiratory discharges of C3-C5 ventral roots in brainstem-spinal cord preparation from foetal (18 and 20 gestation days) and newborn (0-1 and 2-3 postnatal days) rats was performed. The respiratory centre perinatal development manifests itself by decreasing of respiratory rhythm variability and increasing of inspiratory burst duration. In foetal inspiratory bursts, low-frequency oscillations (1-10 Hz) dominate. In early postnatal stage, the relative power of low-frequency oscillations begin to decrease, and medium frequency oscillations (10-50 Hz) start to dominate over the inspiratory discharge. The data obtained suggests, that perinatal maturation of respiratory centre is characterised by stabilisation of the respiratory rhythm generation and developmental alteration of inspiratory activity's spectral and temporary parameters.
Subject(s)
Respiration , Respiratory Center/growth & development , Respiratory Center/physiology , Animals , Animals, Newborn , Decerebrate State , Electrophysiology , In Vitro Techniques , Neurons/physiology , Rats , Respiratory Center/embryologyABSTRACT
In vitro experiments on bulbospinal preparations isolated from newborn rats (postnatal days 0-4) demonstrated that exogenous and endogenous NO can modulate respiratory rhythm generation and change various spectral parameters of respiratory discharges.
Subject(s)
Medulla Oblongata/physiology , Nitric Oxide/metabolism , Respiratory Center/physiology , Action Potentials , Animals , Animals, Newborn , Arginine/pharmacology , Culture Techniques , Electrophysiology , Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology , NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester/pharmacology , Nitric Oxide Donors/pharmacology , Nitric Oxide Synthase/antagonists & inhibitors , Nitroprusside/pharmacology , Perfusion , Periodicity , Rats , Respiratory Center/drug effects , Spinal Nerve Roots/physiologyABSTRACT
Experiments on bulbospinal preparations isolated from rat fetus (gestation days 18 and 21) showed that exogenous and endogenous NO can stimulate respiratory rhythm generation and change spectral characteristics respiratory discharges.
Subject(s)
Medulla Oblongata/physiology , Nitric Oxide/metabolism , Respiration , Respiratory Center/embryology , Respiratory Center/physiology , Action Potentials , Animals , Arginine/pharmacology , Culture Techniques , Electrophysiology , Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology , Fetus , Medulla Oblongata/embryology , NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester/pharmacology , Nitric Oxide Donors/pharmacology , Nitric Oxide Synthase/antagonists & inhibitors , Perfusion , Periodicity , Rats , Respiration/drug effects , Respiratory Center/drug effects , Spinal Nerve Roots/physiologyABSTRACT
Clinical and cytological studies in 41 hematological patients aged 19-70 years showed appreciable shifts in the immune status and nonspecific reactivity virtually in all examinees. Layers of cellular epithelium of late (V-VI) and early (III-IV) stages were more often detected in smears impressions than individual cells. Cells of stages I-II were scarce and never formed layers. In patients with leukemia, signs of dissociation of epitheliocyte nucleus and cytoplasm maturation were observed ("mature" cytoplasm and "young" nuclei). These specific shifts should be borne in mind when rendering dental care to hematological patients.
Subject(s)
Dental Care for Chronically Ill/methods , Hematologic Diseases/therapy , Mouth Diseases/therapy , Tooth Diseases/therapy , Acute Disease , Adult , Aged , Chronic Disease , Dental Care for Chronically Ill/statistics & numerical data , Female , Hematologic Diseases/complications , Hematologic Diseases/diagnosis , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Mouth Diseases/diagnosis , Mouth Diseases/etiology , Oral Health , Tooth Diseases/diagnosis , Tooth Diseases/etiologyABSTRACT
Human intrathymic precursors are characterized by mitogenic reaction on thymic hormone, lacking the cortical and medullar thymic membrane markers (CD3, CD4 and/or CD8) and expressing of the common T-cell CD7 and CD5 antigens. Fraction 1.062 g/cm3 of peripheral white blood cells contains cells with analogous characteristics. The cell fraction of blood from men participated in amelioration after the Chernobyl accident is enriched with hemopoietic precursors (CD4+), pre-T-cells, reacting to thymosin (CD5+CD3-), and CD3+CD4-CD8- T-cells in a greater extent than the cell fraction from donors blood. Defects of T-cell and hemopoietic differentiation in children migrated from the Chernobyl area to Moscow Region were more substantial than in "ameliorators" and correlated with drop of thymic serum activity level. Research substantiates the approach to analysis of radiation-induced defects in early stages of lympho- and hemopoiesis.
Subject(s)
Hematopoietic Stem Cells/immunology , Power Plants , Radiation Injuries/immunology , Radioactive Hazard Release , T-Lymphocytes/immunology , Adolescent , Adult , Antibodies, Monoclonal , CD4-CD8 Ratio/radiation effects , Child , Hematopoietic Stem Cells/radiation effects , Humans , Immunophenotyping , Middle Aged , T-Lymphocytes/radiation effects , Time Factors , UkraineABSTRACT
The influence of B-lymphocytes from various sources on splenic colony formation was studied in the syngeneic system. B-lymphocytes were obtained by panning with IgG-fraction of rabbit anti-mouse Ig, absorbed on Petri dishes. In addition, adherent cells, Thy-1+ and SC-1+ were eliminated from the fraction of Ig(+)-cells. SC-1- and SC-1+ fractions, containing, respectively, stem cells and T-lymphocyte precursors, were obtained by panning with IgG-fraction of rabbit anti-SC-1 serum. SC-1- cells transferred to irradiated syngeneic mice did not induce colony formation in the spleen. Introduction of SC-1- and SC-1+ cells induced formation of colonies. A similar helper effect occurred when SC-1(-)-cells were introduced with bone marrow or lymph node B-cells, but not with splenic B-cells. Splenic, but not bone marrow and lymph node B-cells inhibited colony formation by combination of SC-1- and SC-1+ cells. All effects of Ig+ cells were abolished by treatment of cells with rabbit anti-MBLA serum. Thus, B-cells of various origin can either enhance or inhibit colony formation. The enhancing of inhibitory effect after B (MBLA+)-cells elimination from suspension of bone marrow and lymph node (but not spleen) Ig(+)-cells resulted from the activity of B-contrasuppressors.
Subject(s)
B-Lymphocytes/immunology , Bone Marrow/immunology , Hematopoietic Stem Cells/immunology , Spleen/immunology , Animals , Bone Marrow Cells , Colony-Forming Units Assay , Lymph Nodes/cytology , Lymph Nodes/immunology , Mice , Rabbits , Spleen/cytologyABSTRACT
Bone marrow Ig-Thy-1-SC-1- stem cells (precursors of T-lymphocytes, PTL, containing the SC-1 antigen) spontaneously secrete a humoral factor. When bone marrow Ig-Thy-1-SC-1- cells were treated with this factor they became able to form haemopoietic colonies in the spleens of lethally irradiated mice. This new colony-stimulating factor (CSF) is thermostable and has a molecular mass of about 25-30 kDa. Production of the CSF by bone marrow SC-1+Thy-1- cells was stimulated by treatment with the thymus preparation Thymoptin. Such treatment of bone marrow SC-1+Thy-1- cells also induced the production of a suppressor factor (thermolabile, molecular mass about 45 kDa), that reversed the effect of the CSF. The CSF and the suppressor factor are both also produced by cortisone-resistant radioresistant L3T4-Lyt-2-SC-1+ thymocytes (i.e. intrathymic PTL). The regulation of haemopoiesis appears to be a normal function of bone marrow PTL.
Subject(s)
Bone Marrow/metabolism , Colony-Stimulating Factors/metabolism , Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism , Spleen/metabolism , T-Lymphocytes/cytology , Thymosin/analogs & derivatives , Animals , Bone Marrow Cells , Cell Fractionation , Cell Line , Colony-Stimulating Factors/physiology , Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred CBA , Peptides/physiology , Spleen/cytology , Thymus Extracts/physiologyABSTRACT
The stimulating effect of RNAases on the humoral immune response was observed in experiments with animals. It was shown that the stimulation was mainly mediated by the system of T-lymphocytes. In the T-lymphocyte system positive sensitivity to the enzymes was attributed to the T-helper cell subpopulation.
Subject(s)
Antibody Formation/drug effects , Ribonucleases/pharmacology , Animals , Mice , Mice, Inbred CBA , Sheep , T-Lymphocytes/immunologyABSTRACT
Tactivin, the thymic hormone preparation, evokes some phenotype alterations in T-cell precursors (elimination of SC-1 antigen and expression of Thy-1-antigen) and cortical thymocytes (a decrease in the number of thymocytes carrying PNA-receptor) similar to those arising in T-cell differentiation. Tactivin induces PNA+ -thymocyte response to PHA action and increases PHA response to PNA- -thymocytes. It is weakly mitogenic for T-cell precursors and PNA- -thymocytes. The data suggest that Tactivin may be used for the treatment of immune deficiencies with T-cell differentiation and function defects.
Subject(s)
Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology , Peptides/pharmacology , T-Lymphocytes/drug effects , Thymus Extracts/pharmacology , Animals , Antigens/analysis , Antigens, Surface/analysis , Bone Marrow/immunology , Bone Marrow Cells , Cell Cycle/drug effects , Cells, Cultured , Mice , Mice, Inbred CBA , Phenotype , T-Lymphocytes/cytology , T-Lymphocytes/immunology , Thy-1 Antigens , Thymus Gland/cytology , Thymus Gland/immunologyABSTRACT
Irradiation of a mouse thymocyte fraction enriched by T-lymphocyte precursors changes the antigenic phenotype of cells toward the increase of their highly differentiated forms. Similar changes in membrane marker antigens are produced by chemical inductors of differentiation and thymotropin. The changes in the cell phenotype induced by the above agents are associated with both membrane and intragenome rearrangements. The results of the experiments on preventing the expression of some antigens by puromycin and the data on the level of spontaneous genome lesions in thymocyte fractions have prompted an assumption that destabilization of the genome upon irradiation increases DNA injury above some critical level which may serve a stimulus for "sorting out" the most radiosensitive thymocyte fraction.
Subject(s)
Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/radiation effects , Cell Differentiation/radiation effects , T-Lymphocytes/radiation effects , Animals , Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/genetics , Cell Differentiation/drug effects , Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic , DNA Damage , H-2 Antigens/genetics , H-2 Antigens/radiation effects , Mice , Mice, Inbred CBA , Phenotype , Puromycin/pharmacology , T-Lymphocytes/cytology , T-Lymphocytes/drug effects , Thymosin/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Migration of FITC-labeled mouse bone marrow cells into the thymus was measured by flow cytometric analysis 3 hours after intravenous injection of cells into irradiated mice. The percentage of cells reaching the thymus diminished when the dose of injected cells increased. The dependence of the number or labeled cells in the thymus on the dose of injected cells was not linear. Pretreatment of cells with anti-SC-I serum, peanut lectin or H-2 incompatibility antigen abolished thymus migration, while treatment with anti-Thy-I serum, soybean lectin, trypsin or Thy-I-incompatibility antigen diminished cellular migration and treatment with neuraminidase enhanced it. It was concluded that the main type of migrating cells is SC-1+ precursors of T-lymphocytes. Penetration of these cells through the blood-thymus barrier is based on the recognition of their partly sialized surface glycoprotein receptors by membrane lectins of the blood-thymus barrier cells.
Subject(s)
Stem Cells/cytology , T-Lymphocytes/cytology , Thymus Gland/cytology , Animals , Antigens, Surface/immunology , Bone Marrow/drug effects , Bone Marrow Cells , Bone Marrow Transplantation , Cell Movement/drug effects , Mice , Mice, Inbred Strains , Stem Cells/immunology , T-Lymphocytes/immunology , Thy-1 Antigens , Thymus Gland/immunologyABSTRACT
Irradiation of CBA mice elicits a pronounced response of intrathymus and bone marrow precursors of T-lymphocytes (PTL) which is manifested by an increase in a relative content of PTL in the thymus and their transfer from bone marrow to thymus. The estimate of the regenerative potency of the thymus most adequately reflects the cellular events leading to regeneration thereof. The differences in the thymus regeneration dynamics between CBA and AKR mice are associated with different radiation response of the intrathymic SC-1-PTL in mice of these strains.
Subject(s)
Regeneration/radiation effects , T-Lymphocytes/radiation effects , Thymus Gland/radiation effects , Animals , Bone Marrow Cells , Cesium Radioisotopes , Cobalt Radioisotopes , Gamma Rays , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred AKR , Mice, Inbred CBA , Thymus Gland/cytology , Thymus Gland/physiology , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Protective antigenic complexes capable of protecting mice from septic Klebsiella infection can be obtained from Klebsiella pneumoniae. The preparations obtained by the method of aqueous extraction and by the action of hydroxyl amine and autolysis have been found to possess approximately the same protective activity and to protect mice from infection with Klebsiella pneumoniae strains belonging to both homologous and heterologous serotypes.