[The characteristic of immunity in long-lived persons and selection of the immunosenescence markers].

Purpose of the work is to select the indices of immunograms, associated with immunosenescence. The lymphocyte subpopulations were defined by the method of polychrome flowing cytometry in 276 patients of 90+ year with the identical spectrum of chronic unspecific inflammatory diseases. The cluster was revealed consisting of subpopulation of T-lymphocytes (T-lymph) with the high frequency of deviations from standard--helper CD4+, cytotoxic CD8+--T-lymph. The activation of immunity was confirmed by the expression of HLA-DR molecule in 100% of persons with an increase of the absolute number CD4+ and/or CD8+. Reduction in the CD8+ and/or CD4+ was associated with the immune deficient state and the frequency of the increased actTcontent within limits of 63-83%. In 36 long-livers a quantity CD4+ and CD8+ corresponded to standard, 33 of them demonstrated actT exceeded standard. These patients were carried to the group of activation also. Basic group had the quantity CD8+ deficit (73%). In this group, frequency of the development of neuro-degenerate distributions and pathologic changes in the osteomuscular tissue were reliably higher in the persons at the age of 92 years and older than in persons younger 92 years. We consider that CD8+ deficit at the age older 90 year is biomarker of immunosenescence and the risk of an increase in the frequency of development of chronic unspecific inflammatory diseases.

[Dynamics of somatic development and formation of behavioral acts in Wistar rat pups under conditions of repeated maternal separations in pre-weaning period].

Comparative analysis of the dynamics of somatic and sensorimotor development was performed in Wistar rat pups subjected to short (30 min) and long (180 min) daily maternal separations in the first 10 days after birth. Somatic and sensorimotor development in the pre-weaning period in rat pups subjected to the long maternal separations was shown to be considerably slower than in those subjected to the short removals from the nest. The most significant delay in the formation of sensorimotor reactions occurred in the second half of pre-weaning period. The results suggest that pup's rearing conditions during the first ten postnatal days are important for the timely development of functions of the nervous systems.

[Combined effects of benzene and chromium on navigation learning and long-term spatial memory in rats].

The impact of long-term intake of drinking water containing the high level of chromium and benzene or their mixture on navigation learning and long-term spatial memory was studied in a Morris water maze. The chronic neurotoxic effect of benzene was characterized by worse long-term memory, which upon its exposure in combination with chromium remained unchanged and failed to block the realization of a positive effect of chromium on the mechanism of navigation learning.

The significance of maternal care for the formation of ethanol preference in rats periodically separated from mothers during the first half of the nest period.

The relationship between the process of ethanol preference formation in rat pups periodically separated from mothers during the first half of the nest period and the intensity of maternal behavior of females was studied. The progeny of females with poor maternal behavior and/or separated from mothers is characterized by slow somatic development and high level of ethanol consumption. The quality of maternal care was inessential for the formation of ethanol preference in rats separated from mothers.

[Quantitative changes in characteristics of immunity in longlivers].

In 93 persons aged 90 to 103 years old the subpopulation compositon of lymphocytes and the level of thymic serum activity (TSA) was studied. In the presence of polymorbidity the low level of TSA was observed in 81% of examinees, with the quantitative deficiency in the relative and absolute number of CD3+CD8+ T-lymphocytes (62% and 78% respectively) and the excess in the number CD3+CD4-CD8- T-lymphocytes (42% and 57% respectively). Among CD3+CD4-CD8- T-lymphocytes cells with phenotypes CD3+/-CD4-CD8-CD16- and CD3+CD4-CD16+ were determined. In prolonged imunomonitoring the reciprocacity of changes in the amount of CD3+/-CD4-CD8-CD16- T-lymphocytes was established in relation to the level of TCA and the number of CD3+CD8+ T-lymphocytes. The reversibility of these changes is indicative of the potential of reactivity of the immune system in longlivers. The positive result of laser therapy in persons with quantitative deficiency of CD3+CD8+ T-lymphocytes and the presence of cells with phenotype CD3+/-CD4-CD8-CD16- was associated with the restoration of the size of CD3+CD8+ subpopulation and a decrease in an amount of CD3+/-CD4-CD8-CD16-. The unfavorable prognostic sign was, seemingly, the quantitative deficiency of CD3+CD8+ T-lymphocytes with the low level of TCA in the absence of CD3+/-CD4-CD8-CD16- T-lymphocytes.

[A cytological study as a part of integrated examinations of patients with the mammary gland pathologies in the ambulatory and clinical settings]. / Tsitologicheskoe issledovanie v sisteme integrirovannogo obsledovaniia patsientok s zabolevaniiami molochnoi zhelezy v ambulatorno-poliklinicheskikh usloviiakh.

An integrated system of examination of female patients was used to detect the mammary-gland pathologies at the Central Clinic of Russia's Federal Security Service in the ambulatory and clinical settings. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy monitored by ultrasound as well as target aspiration biopsy based on the "Mammodiagnost-400" X-ray unit with the "Cytoguide" stereoscopic attachment (pistol-needle system) were applied to obtain the cell samples in nonpalpable neoplasms of the mammary gland; fine-needle aspiration biopsy without ultrasound monitoring was used in palpable neoplasms. Diagnosis was morphologically verified in all cases. Pathologies of the mammary gland prevailed, within the examinees, at an age of 44 to 53. The number of malignant neoplasms made 7.6% of the total number of examinees. The results of intraoperative cytological examinations correlated, in all cases, with histological conclusions. The final diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical and X-ray examinations and of cytological conclusions. The diagnosis was histologically verified in 40% of cases. According to the data analysis, histological examinations are necessary and should be in the list of diagnosis-verification measures within the system of integrated examinations of female patients with pathologies of the mammary gland.

Respiratory activity of bulbospinal preparations from newborn rats subjected to periodic hypercapnia in the prenatal period.

Periodic exposure of pregnant rats to hypercapnia (10% CO(2)) delayed the development of mechanisms underlying respiratory rhythmogenesis in newborn animals during the early postnatal period. In vitro studies showed that rhythmic activity of the respiratory center in newborn rats (days 0-3) was 2-3-fold lower than that in intact preparations. Age-related changes of respiratory activity were absent, while the reactions of the respiratory center to CO(2) were suppressed compared to the control.

[Spectral characteristics of electrical activity of the respiratory center in brain processes in fetus and newborn rats in vitro]. / Osobennosti spektral'nykh kharakteristik élektricheskoi aktivnosti dykhatel'nogo tsentra v protsessakh mozga plodov i novorozhdennykh krys in vitro.

Power spectral analysis of inspiratory discharges of C3-C5 ventral roots in brainstem-spinal cord preparation from foetal (18 and 20 gestation days) and newborn (0-1 and 2-3 postnatal days) rats was performed. The respiratory centre perinatal development manifests itself by decreasing of respiratory rhythm variability and increasing of inspiratory burst duration. In foetal inspiratory bursts, low-frequency oscillations (1-10 Hz) dominate. In early postnatal stage, the relative power of low-frequency oscillations begin to decrease, and medium frequency oscillations (10-50 Hz) start to dominate over the inspiratory discharge. The data obtained suggests, that perinatal maturation of respiratory centre is characterised by stabilisation of the respiratory rhythm generation and developmental alteration of inspiratory activity's spectral and temporary parameters.

Role of NO-ergic mechanism in regulation of rhythmogenesis in respiratory center in bulbospinal preparation from newborn rat.

In vitro experiments on bulbospinal preparations isolated from newborn rats (postnatal days 0-4) demonstrated that exogenous and endogenous NO can modulate respiratory rhythm generation and change various spectral parameters of respiratory discharges.

Effects of nitric oxide on respiratory activity in bulbospinal preparation from rat fetus.

Experiments on bulbospinal preparations isolated from rat fetus (gestation days 18 and 21) showed that exogenous and endogenous NO can stimulate respiratory rhythm generation and change spectral characteristics respiratory discharges.

[Dental care for patients with hematological diseases]. / Stomatologicheskaia pomoshch' bol'nym s gematologicheskimi zabolevaniiami.

Clinical and cytological studies in 41 hematological patients aged 19-70 years showed appreciable shifts in the immune status and nonspecific reactivity virtually in all examinees. Layers of cellular epithelium of late (V-VI) and early (III-IV) stages were more often detected in smears impressions than individual cells. Cells of stages I-II were scarce and never formed layers. In patients with leukemia, signs of dissociation of epitheliocyte nucleus and cytoplasm maturation were observed ("mature" cytoplasm and "young" nuclei). These specific shifts should be borne in mind when rendering dental care to hematological patients.

[Methodological approaches to the analysis of postradiation impairment of lympho- and hematopoiesis]. / Metodicheskie podkhody k analizu postradiatsionnykh narushenii limfo- i gemopoéza.

Human intrathymic precursors are characterized by mitogenic reaction on thymic hormone, lacking the cortical and medullar thymic membrane markers (CD3, CD4 and/or CD8) and expressing of the common T-cell CD7 and CD5 antigens. Fraction 1.062 g/cm3 of peripheral white blood cells contains cells with analogous characteristics. The cell fraction of blood from men participated in amelioration after the Chernobyl accident is enriched with hemopoietic precursors (CD4+), pre-T-cells, reacting to thymosin (CD5+CD3-), and CD3+CD4-CD8- T-cells in a greater extent than the cell fraction from donors blood. Defects of T-cell and hemopoietic differentiation in children migrated from the Chernobyl area to Moscow Region were more substantial than in "ameliorators" and correlated with drop of thymic serum activity level. Research substantiates the approach to analysis of radiation-induced defects in early stages of lympho- and hemopoiesis.

[Effects of B-lymphocytes from different organs on hemopoietic colony formation in the spleen by bone marrow cells]. / Vliianie B-limfotsitov raznogo organnogo proiskhozhdeniia na formirovanie krovetvornykh kolonii v selezenke kletkami kostnogo mozga.

The influence of B-lymphocytes from various sources on splenic colony formation was studied in the syngeneic system. B-lymphocytes were obtained by panning with IgG-fraction of rabbit anti-mouse Ig, absorbed on Petri dishes. In addition, adherent cells, Thy-1+ and SC-1+ were eliminated from the fraction of Ig(+)-cells. SC-1- and SC-1+ fractions, containing, respectively, stem cells and T-lymphocyte precursors, were obtained by panning with IgG-fraction of rabbit anti-SC-1 serum. SC-1- cells transferred to irradiated syngeneic mice did not induce colony formation in the spleen. Introduction of SC-1- and SC-1+ cells induced formation of colonies. A similar helper effect occurred when SC-1(-)-cells were introduced with bone marrow or lymph node B-cells, but not with splenic B-cells. Splenic, but not bone marrow and lymph node B-cells inhibited colony formation by combination of SC-1- and SC-1+ cells. All effects of Ig+ cells were abolished by treatment of cells with rabbit anti-MBLA serum. Thus, B-cells of various origin can either enhance or inhibit colony formation. The enhancing of inhibitory effect after B (MBLA+)-cells elimination from suspension of bone marrow and lymph node (but not spleen) Ig(+)-cells resulted from the activity of B-contrasuppressors.

Bone marrow and intrathymic precursors of T-cells produce a factor which enhances colony formation in the spleen.

Bone marrow Ig-Thy-1-SC-1- stem cells (precursors of T-lymphocytes, PTL, containing the SC-1 antigen) spontaneously secrete a humoral factor. When bone marrow Ig-Thy-1-SC-1- cells were treated with this factor they became able to form haemopoietic colonies in the spleens of lethally irradiated mice. This new colony-stimulating factor (CSF) is thermostable and has a molecular mass of about 25-30 kDa. Production of the CSF by bone marrow SC-1+Thy-1- cells was stimulated by treatment with the thymus preparation Thymoptin. Such treatment of bone marrow SC-1+Thy-1- cells also induced the production of a suppressor factor (thermolabile, molecular mass about 45 kDa), that reversed the effect of the CSF. The CSF and the suppressor factor are both also produced by cortisone-resistant radioresistant L3T4-Lyt-2-SC-1+ thymocytes (i.e. intrathymic PTL). The regulation of haemopoiesis appears to be a normal function of bone marrow PTL.

[Effect of ribonucleases on humoral immunity of experimental animals]. / Vliianie ribonukleaz na gumoral'nyi immunitet éksperimental'nykh zhivotnykh.

The stimulating effect of RNAases on the humoral immune response was observed in experiments with animals. It was shown that the stimulation was mainly mediated by the system of T-lymphocytes. In the T-lymphocyte system positive sensitivity to the enzymes was attributed to the T-helper cell subpopulation.

[Assessment of the action of taktivin on different stages of T-lymphocyte maturation]. / Otsenka deistviia taktivina na razlichnye stadii sozrevaniia T-limfotsitov.

Tactivin, the thymic hormone preparation, evokes some phenotype alterations in T-cell precursors (elimination of SC-1 antigen and expression of Thy-1-antigen) and cortical thymocytes (a decrease in the number of thymocytes carrying PNA-receptor) similar to those arising in T-cell differentiation. Tactivin induces PNA+ -thymocyte response to PHA action and increases PHA response to PNA- -thymocytes. It is weakly mitogenic for T-cell precursors and PNA- -thymocytes. The data suggest that Tactivin may be used for the treatment of immune deficiencies with T-cell differentiation and function defects.

[Changes in the antigenic phenotype of mouse thymocytes after exposure to chemical inducers of differentiation and ionizing radiation]. / Izmenenie antigennogo fenotipa timotsitov myshei pri deistvii khimicheskikh induktorov differentsirovki i ioniziruiushchei radiatsii.

Irradiation of a mouse thymocyte fraction enriched by T-lymphocyte precursors changes the antigenic phenotype of cells toward the increase of their highly differentiated forms. Similar changes in membrane marker antigens are produced by chemical inductors of differentiation and thymotropin. The changes in the cell phenotype induced by the above agents are associated with both membrane and intragenome rearrangements. The results of the experiments on preventing the expression of some antigens by puromycin and the data on the level of spontaneous genome lesions in thymocyte fractions have prompted an assumption that destabilization of the genome upon irradiation increases DNA injury above some critical level which may serve a stimulus for "sorting out" the most radiosensitive thymocyte fraction.

[Migration of T-lymphocyte precursors into the thymus and the factors affecting this process]. / Issledovanie migratsii predshestvennikov T-limfotsitov v timus i faktorov, vliiaiushchikh na étot protsess.

Migration of FITC-labeled mouse bone marrow cells into the thymus was measured by flow cytometric analysis 3 hours after intravenous injection of cells into irradiated mice. The percentage of cells reaching the thymus diminished when the dose of injected cells increased. The dependence of the number or labeled cells in the thymus on the dose of injected cells was not linear. Pretreatment of cells with anti-SC-I serum, peanut lectin or H-2 incompatibility antigen abolished thymus migration, while treatment with anti-Thy-I serum, soybean lectin, trypsin or Thy-I-incompatibility antigen diminished cellular migration and treatment with neuraminidase enhanced it. It was concluded that the main type of migrating cells is SC-1+ precursors of T-lymphocytes. Penetration of these cells through the blood-thymus barrier is based on the recognition of their partly sialized surface glycoprotein receptors by membrane lectins of the blood-thymus barrier cells.

[Postirradiation dynamics of T-lymphocyte precursors and thymus regeneration in mice]. / Postradiatsionnaia dinamika predshestvennikov T-limfotsitov i regeneratsiia timusa u myshei.

Irradiation of CBA mice elicits a pronounced response of intrathymus and bone marrow precursors of T-lymphocytes (PTL) which is manifested by an increase in a relative content of PTL in the thymus and their transfer from bone marrow to thymus. The estimate of the regenerative potency of the thymus most adequately reflects the cellular events leading to regeneration thereof. The differences in the thymus regeneration dynamics between CBA and AKR mice are associated with different radiation response of the intrathymic SC-1-PTL in mice of these strains.

[Nonharsh methods of isolation of antigenic complexes of Klebsiella pneumoniae, and analysis of their protective activity]. / Izuchenie antigennykh kompleksov Klebsiella pneumoniae shchadiashchimi metodami i izuchenie ikh protektivnoi aktivnosti.

Protective antigenic complexes capable of protecting mice from septic Klebsiella infection can be obtained from Klebsiella pneumoniae. The preparations obtained by the method of aqueous extraction and by the action of hydroxyl amine and autolysis have been found to possess approximately the same protective activity and to protect mice from infection with Klebsiella pneumoniae strains belonging to both homologous and heterologous serotypes.