ABSTRACT
Emulsions play an important role in present-day subunit vaccine delivery. Squalane-based emulsion was formulated using surfactants viz., Pluronic F68, Span 85 along with Murabutide (MB) as immunepotentiator. Particle size and zetapotential of the final optimized emulsion was found to be 134 nm and -13 mV, respectively. The in vitro cellular uptake studies performed using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled ovalbumin (OVA) clearly revealed the rapid uptake of antigen in the presence of emulsion. The in vivo subcutaneous studies involving measurement of OVA-specific IgG antibody titers, Th1/Th2 cytokines were performed and a marked up regulation in IL-2, IL-12 and IFN-γ cytokines indicate Th1 immune response. Results supported that the squalane-based delivery system enhanced the uptake of the antigen by immune cells and elicited humoral as well as cell-mediated immune response in mice. These results indicate the promising application of the new squalane based oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion as capable vaccine delivery system useful for vaccine development.
Subject(s)
Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine/analogs & derivatives , Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage , Squalene/analogs & derivatives , Vaccines/administration & dosage , Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine/administration & dosage , Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine/immunology , Animals , Antigens/immunology , Cytokines/immunology , Drug Delivery Systems , Emulsions , Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate/chemistry , Hexoses/chemistry , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Ovalbumin/administration & dosage , Ovalbumin/immunology , Particle Size , Poloxamer/chemistry , RAW 264.7 Cells , Squalene/chemistry , Surface-Active Agents/chemistry , Th1 Cells/immunology , Th2 Cells/immunologyABSTRACT
Novel triazolyl Pam3Cys conjugates encompassing various carbohydrate entities have been synthesized by copper mediated azide-alkyne click chemistry protocol with a view to probe the SAR pertaining to their adjuvant activity in conjunction with OVA as antigen. The preliminary ex vivo cytokine profiling revealed optimal Th1 activation and the in vivo adjuvant studies of ribose derived hybrid (6 e) revealed a marked improvement in the OVA specific antibody IgG response and Th1 cytokine expressions. The triazolyl Pam3Cys carbohydrate conjugates were found to be the hTLR2 agonists as revealed by their SEAP activity due to NFKB activation. The described protocol is the first successful attempt of the amalgamation of carbohydrate-Pam3Cys motifs tethered to a triazole linker as a peptide free adjuvant.
Subject(s)
Lipoproteins/metabolism , Toll-Like Receptor 2/genetics , Toll-Like Receptor 2/metabolism , Triazoles/chemistry , Triazoles/chemical synthesis , Drug Design , PeptidesABSTRACT
A series of novel 4ß-[(5-substituted)-1,2,3,4-tetrazolyl] podophyllotoxin derivatives were synthesized by employing azide-nitrile click chemistry approach. All the derivatives were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against a panel of four human cancer cell lines and their IC50 values were found to be in the range of 2.4-29.06 µM. The cytotoxicity exhibited by the majority of test compounds were found to comparable and often more effective than doxorubicin and all compounds exhibited higher cytotoxicity on A-549 cell lines. Cell cycle analysis showed that the novel 4ß-[(5-substituted)-1,2,3,4-tetrazolyl] podophyllotoxins resulted in cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and were also found to be the potent inhibitors of tubulin polymerization in vitro.
