ABSTRACT
STUDY OBJECTIVE: Depression is a common cause of long-lasting disability and preoperative mental health state that has important implications for optimizing recovery in the perioperative period. In older elective surgical patients, the prevalence of preoperative depression and associated adverse pre- and postoperative outcomes are unknown. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the prevalence of preoperative depression and the associated adverse outcomes in the older surgical population. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. SETTING: MEDLINE, MEDLINE Epub Ahead of Print and In-Process, In-Data-Review & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Embase/Embase Classic, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, ClinicalTrials.Gov, the WHO ICTRP (International Clinical Trials Registry Platform) for relevant articles from 2000 to present. PATIENTS: Patients aged ≥65 years old undergoing non-cardiac elective surgery with preoperative depression assessed by tools validated in older adults. These validated tools include the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Hospital Depression and Anxiety Scale (HADS), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD). INTERVENTIONS: Preoperative assessment. MEASUREMENT: The primary outcome was the prevalence of preoperative depression. Additional outcomes included preoperative cognitive impairment, and postoperative outcomes such as delirium, functional decline, discharge disposition, readmission, length of stay, and postoperative complications. MAIN RESULTS: Thirteen studies (n = 2824) were included. Preoperative depression was most assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale-15 (GDS-15) (n = 12). The overall prevalence of preoperative depression was 23% (95% CI: 15%, 30%). Within non-cancer non-cardiac mixed surgery, the pooled prevalence was 19% (95% CI: 11%, 27%). The prevalence in orthopedic surgery was 17% (95% CI: 9%, 24%). In spine surgery, the prevalence was higher at 46% (95% CI: 28%, 64%). Meta-analysis showed that preoperative depression was associated with a two-fold increased risk of postoperative delirium than those without depression (32% vs 23%, OR: 2.25; 95% CI: 1.67, 3.03; I2: 0%; P ≤0.00001). CONCLUSIONS: The overall prevalence of older surgical patients who suffered from depression was 23%. Preoperative depression was associated with a two-fold higher risk of postoperative delirium. Further work is needed to determine the need for depression screening and treatment preoperatively.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To provide an overview and approach to common nail bed injuries seen by primary care practitioners. SOURCES OF INFORMATION: An Ovid MEDLINE literature search was performed using search terms and studies were graded based on level of evidence. MAIN MESSAGE: Nail trauma is common in primary care practice and requires proper and prompt treatment to avoid lasting effects on finger function and cosmesis. When presented with a fingernail injury, primary care physicians should perform a thorough physical examination to determine extent of injury; take a history to rule out notable risk factors; perform a comprehensive neurovascular examination to assess pulp capillary refill, to do a 2-point discrimination, and to compare with an uninjured digit; and evaluate range of motion. Clinical evaluation may require local anesthesia and a tourniquet. Nail bed trauma can present in different ways and includes subungual hematomas, distal phalanx fractures, Seymour fractures, and-in more severe cases-fragmentation or avulsion of the nail bed. Treatment for subungual hematomas where the nail plate is intact does not require nail plate removal and nail bed exploration; however, exploration and repair are indicated for a nail plate injury, a proximal fracture involving the germinal matrix, and a distal phalanx fracture requiring stabilization. CONCLUSION: Fingertips are essential to normal hand function. Nail trauma is common and can be managed by primary care physicians. Shared decision making concerning management is based on the mechanism and extent of the injury and aims to prevent secondary deformities.
Subject(s)
Fractures, Bone , Nail Diseases , Physicians, Primary Care , Humans , Nails , Fractures, Bone/therapy , Fingers , Nail Diseases/diagnosis , Nail Diseases/etiology , Nail Diseases/therapyABSTRACT
OBJECTIF: Présenter un aperçu et une approche concernant les lésions courantes au lit unguéal traitées par les professionnels des soins primaires. SOURCES DE L'INFORMATION: Une recherche documentaire a été effectuée dans Ovid MEDLINE, et les études ont été classées selon le niveau des données probantes. MESSAGE PRINCIPAL: Les traumatismes à l'ongle sont vus couramment dans la pratique des soins primaires; ils exigent un traitement sans retard pour éviter des effets persistants sur le fonctionnement et l'apparence du doigt. En présence d'une blessure à l'ongle d'un doigt, les médecins de soins primaires devraient effectuer un examen physique rigoureux pour déterminer l'étendue de la lésion; faire une anamnèse pour exclure des facteurs de risque manifestes; procéder à un examen neurovasculaire complet pour évaluer le temps de remplissage capillaire à la pulpe du doigt; faire une discrimination tactile en 2 points et comparer avec un doigt intact; et évaluer l'ampleur du mouvement. L'évaluation clinique peut nécessiter une anesthésie locale et un tourniquet. Les lésions au lit unguéal peuvent se présenter de diverses façons; ils comprennent des hématomes sous-unguéaux, des fractures à la phalange distale, des fractures de Seymour et, dans les cas plus graves, une fragmentation ou une avulsion du lit unguéal. Le traitement des hématomes unguéaux lorsque la lame ou tablette de l'ongle est intacte n'exige pas l'ablation de la lame ni l'exploration du lit unguéal; toutefois, une exploration et une réparation sont indiquées pour une lésion au lit unguéal, une fracture proximale impliquant la matrice germinale et une fracture à la phalange distale qui nécessite une stabilisation. CONCLUSION: Le bout des doigts est essentiel au fonctionnement normal de la main. Les traumatismes unguéaux sont fréquents et peuvent être pris en charge par les médecins de soins primaires. La prise de décision partagée concernant la prise en charge se fonde sur le mécanisme et l'ampleur de la blessure, et vise à prévenir des difformités secondaires.
ABSTRACT
In the present report, we describe the case of a patient with an infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm that had been incidentally noted on an imaging study. Treatment decisions for this case were complicated by the presence of a hostile infrarenal aortic neck and significant bilateral iliac artery circumferential calcification, precluding iliac artery clamping and standard distal anastomotic techniques. We performed a hybrid surgical procedure, deploying bilateral iliac stent grafts into the distal aneurysmal aorta and sewing our aortic graft to the proximal extent of these stents. The findings from the present case add to the previously reported techniques of hybrid surgical management of abdominal aortic aneurysms with iliac disease and expand the technique to a larger application.
