ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Due to inappropriate diet, smoking, alcohol consumption, regular use of drugs like NSAIDs and sedentary lifestyle, one may feel upper abdominal pain which may be the predictor of the gastrointestinal disorder called Peptic Ulcer. When an imbalance occurs between the defensive factor and aggressive factor of the stomach, ulcer formation in the esophageal lining, stomach, or duodenum takes place. This leads to the formation of small sores that cause pain. Another condition that synergizes the abdominal pain is vomiting materials which look like coffee grounds, blood in the stool, black or tarry stools. This pain may increase after lunch or dinner. This problem persists, that often leads to the gastroenterologist's consultation. OBJECTIVE: There are many antiulcer screening models present for the determination of antiulcer activity of the drug molecule. The main objective of this study is to find which model is best for the determination of antiulcer activity. METHODS: A literature search was conducted on the databases namely Science direct and PubMed with the help of different keywords such as "Anti-ulcer", "In-vitro models" and "In-vivo models". The search was customized by applying the appropriate filters so as to get the most relevant articles to meet the objective of this review article. RESULT: There are different research and review papers based on the antiulcer screening models for the determination of antiulcer activity of new drug molecules. CONCLUSION: On the basis of our study, we found some useful models for the antiulcer activity of drugs and suggested that, if we use in-vitro and in-vivo methods together, then we may obtain the most relevant result in our research area.
Subject(s)
Anti-Ulcer Agents/pharmacology , Disease Models, Animal , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/methods , Animals , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/adverse effects , Gastric Acid , Gastric Mucosa/pathology , Humans , Peptic Ulcer/drug therapy , Peptic Ulcer/etiology , Stress, Psychological/complicationsABSTRACT
In designing of Prodrugs, targeting can be achieved in two ways: site-specified drug delivery and site-specific drug bioactivation. Prodrugs can be designed to target specific enzymes or carriers by considering enzyme-substrate specificity or carrier-substrate specificity in order to overcome various undesirable drug properties. There are certain techniques which are used for tumor targeting such as Antibody Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapy [ADEPT] Gene-Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapy [GDEPT], Virus Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapy [VDEPT] and Gene Prodrug Activation Therapy [GPAT]. Our review focuses on the Prodrugs used in site-specific drug delivery system specially on tumor targeting.
