ABSTRACT
Since the inception of the National Mycobacterial Surveillance System (NMSS) in 1991, annual crude notification rates for tuberculosis have remained stable at between 5 and 6 per 100,000 population. In 1998, there was a total of 923 TB notifications in Australia of which 884 were new TB cases, and 39 relapsed cases. The corresponding annual crude notification rate for new and relapsed TB was 4.72 and 0.21 per 100,000 respectively. Seventy-seven percent of notifications that had a country of birth reported were overseas born. In keeping with trends observed over recent reporting years, the populations for which notified TB rates are highest include the overseas born from high prevalence countries and Indigenous Australians. The lowest rates of disease have continued to be reported in the non-Indigenous, Australian born population. Surveillance reports over the last seven years indicate that the rate of disease in this population is gradually declining.
Subject(s)
Disease Notification/statistics & numerical data , Tuberculosis/diagnosis , Tuberculosis/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Age Distribution , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Australia/epidemiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Emigration and Immigration , Female , Health Surveys , Humans , Incidence , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Population Surveillance , Risk Factors , Sex DistributionABSTRACT
Australia has one of the lowest incidence of tuberculosis in the world. The crude annual notification rate for tuberculosis (TB) has remained stable at between 5 and 6 per 100,000 population since 1991. In 1999, there were a total of 1,159 TB notifications in Australia of which 1,117 were new TB cases, and 42 were relapsed cases. The corresponding annual notification rate for new and relapsed TB was 5.9 and 0.2 per 100,000 population respectively. People born overseas accounted for 83 per cent of the notified cases. TB notification rates remain highest among overseas-born residents from high prevalence countries, and indigenous Australians. The lowest rates of disease are in the non-indigenous, Australian born population and data from the last 7 years indicate that the rate of tuberculosis in this population is continuing to fall.
Subject(s)
Disease Notification/statistics & numerical data , Tuberculosis/epidemiology , Age Distribution , Australia/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Incidence , Male , Population Surveillance , Sex Distribution , Tuberculosis/prevention & controlABSTRACT
Information on pneumococcal disease, including immunisation programs, and optimum future surveillance in each Australian State and Territory were discussed at the Pneumococcal Disease in Australia Workshop on 26-27 March 1999. Workshop participants further expanded on the surveillance aspects of the Workshop in this report. Most participants favoured notification by laboratories of pneumococcal isolates from sterile sites, to provide baseline surveillance data before immunisation programs are fully implemented. It was also thought that trends in antimicrobial resistance should be notified.
Subject(s)
Pneumococcal Infections/epidemiology , Population Surveillance , Australia/epidemiology , Bacterial Vaccines , Disease Notification , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Humans , Pneumococcal Infections/prevention & controlSubject(s)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/psychology , AIDS Dementia Complex/psychology , Adaptation, Psychological , Adult , Burnout, Professional/psychology , Defense Mechanisms , Depression/psychology , Family/psychology , Female , HIV Seropositivity/psychology , Humans , Interpersonal Relations , Male , Physician-Patient Relations , Sexual Behavior , Spermatozoa , Suicide/psychology , SymbolismABSTRACT
Psychiatric, psychologic and psychotherapeutic care of HIV patients is integrated inside a specific medical institution. The psychological representations that AIDS mobilizes pervade the intense medical relationship between internists, nurses and the HIV patients. This relationship becomes the central node for the differentiation of psychologists and psychiatrists function inside the team. We propose here three different functions: the bio-psycho-social integrated care of the patients; the "binding" of psychical representatives inside the HIV patient who is in a death process; the binding of the representatives disseminated inside the medical team by the patient.
Subject(s)
HIV Seropositivity/psychology , Mental Health Services , Patient Care Team , Comprehensive Health Care , Defense Mechanisms , HIV Seropositivity/therapy , HumansABSTRACT
Description of the intervention of psychiatrists with HIV positive hospitalized patients. An analysis of 26 cases over a six-months period. Attention is drawn on the following characteristics: 1) limited extend of the psychiatrist's intervention when the medical team is organized as to allow the patient's psychological support (psychologists participating to the "staff", supervision by an independent psychiatrist); 2) specificity of the psychiatrist's intervention in such a context, which relate to: a) the differential diagnosis between psycho-organic syndromes and major emotional disorders, b) in difficult cases, the definition of the therapeutical scope; 3) necessary search for a more adapted support of male patients admitted for psychosocial reasons and especially for addicted patients.
