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1.
G Ital Nefrol ; 26 Suppl 45: S20-7, 2009.
Article in Italian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19382090

ABSTRACT

Increased vascular calcification is a major cause of cardiovascular events in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). It is the result of an active ossification process counteracted by ''bone'' proteins such as osteopontin, alkaline phosphatase, osteoprotegerin, and osteocalcin. Chronic kidney disease - mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) is a systemic disorder of mineral and bone metabolism that occurs in CKD. In addition to abnormalities in the serum calcium and phosphate profile, CKD-MBD is characterized by abnormalities of bone turnover, mineralization, volume and growth as well as vascular calcification. Considering that the presence and extent of vascular calcification in CKD portend a poor prognosis, many efforts have been made to shed light on this complicated phenomenon to prevent vascular calcium deposition and its progression. Indeed, careful control of calcium load, serum phosphate and parathyroid hormone along with the use of calcium-free phosphate binders and vitamin D receptor activators represent a new therapeutic armamentarium to improve quality of life and reduce mortality in CKD.


Subject(s)
Calcinosis/drug therapy , Calcinosis/metabolism , Kidney Diseases/complications , Kidney Diseases/metabolism , Vascular Diseases/drug therapy , Vascular Diseases/metabolism , Biomarkers/blood , Calcinosis/blood , Calcinosis/pathology , Calcium/blood , Chelating Agents/therapeutic use , Chronic Disease , Coronary Artery Disease/metabolism , Disease Progression , Drug Therapy, Combination , Evidence-Based Medicine , Humans , Kidney Diseases/blood , Kidney Diseases/drug therapy , Kidney Diseases/pathology , Parathyroid Hormone/blood , Phosphates/blood , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Prognosis , Quality of Life , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/metabolism , Vascular Diseases/blood , Vascular Diseases/pathology , Vitamin D/therapeutic use
2.
G Ital Nefrol ; 25(2): 234-7, 2008.
Article in Italian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18350504

ABSTRACT

Mineral metabolism disorders are well-recognized complications in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Furthermore, hyperphosphatemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism are associated with both renal osteodystrophy and cardiovascular disease. During the last 5 years, new therapeutic options have become available to treat these conditions in CKD. We describe the case of a 70-year-old lady with a dialysis history of 5 years and a number of cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and obesity). Unfortunately, the patient was poorly compliant with any pharmaceutical treatment. After 2 years, a pharmacological approach with a low dosage of calcium salts and sevelamer HCl, subsequently changed to lanthanum carbonate, intravenous paricalcitol, and cinacalcet HCl reached the goals suggested by the current guidelines. Every nephrologist should look at the pathogenesis and treatment of hyperphosphatemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism. New options are now available and may help the clinician to obtain satisfactory short- and long-term outcomes in the treatment of this disease.


Subject(s)
Calcium Metabolism Disorders/drug therapy , Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy , Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders/drug therapy , Renal Dialysis , Aged , Calcium Metabolism Disorders/etiology , Female , Humans , Hyperparathyroidism/drug therapy , Hyperparathyroidism/etiology , Kidney Failure, Chronic/complications , Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders/etiology
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