ABSTRACT
In the 2019-2020 Australian bushfires, Kangaroo Island, South Australia, experienced catastrophic bushfires that burnt approximately half the island, with an estimated 80% of the koala population lost. During and after the event, rescued koalas were triaged at a designated facility and a range of initial data were recorded including rescue location and date, sex, estimation of age, body condition and hydration, and assessment of burn severity (n = 304 records available). Koalas were presented to the triage facility over a span of 10 weeks, with 50.2% during the first 14 days of the bushfire response, the majority of which were rescued from regions of lower fire severity. Burns were observed in 67.4% of koalas, with the majority (60.9%) classified as superficial burns, primarily affecting the limbs and face. Poor body condition was recorded in 74.6% of burnt koalas and dehydration in 77.1%. Negative final outcomes (death or euthanasia, at triage or at a later date) occurred in 45.6% of koalas and were significantly associated with higher mean burn score, maximum burn severity, number of body regions burnt, poor body condition score, and dehydration severity. The findings of this retrospective study may assist clinicians in the field with decision making when triaging koalas in future fire rescue efforts.
ABSTRACT
Molecules that support (13)C singlet states with lifetimes of over 10 min in solution have been designed and synthesized. The (13)C(2) spin pairs in the asymmetric alkyne derivatives are close to magnetic equivalence, so the (13)C long-lived singlet states are stable in high magnetic field and do not require maintenance by a radiofrequency spin-locking field. We suggest a model of singlet relaxation by fluctuating chemical shift anisotropy tensors combined with leakage associated with slightly broken magnetic equivalence. Theoretical estimates of singlet relaxation rates are compared with experimental values. Relaxation due to antisymmetric shielding tensor components is significant.
