ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular diseases later in life. OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence of subsequent hypertension and other life-style diseases five years after delivery in women who experienced pregnancy- induced hypertension. METHODS: A total of 1527 women who delivered singletons were registered at the National Center for Child Health and Development and Showa University Hospital Mother and child health center of integrated perinatal period between 2003 and 2005. After five years, these women were invited to participate in this study by mail, and 816 women completed the analysis. The women visited our hospital and underwent a medical examination. Women who were pregnant and nursing at the time when the physical examination was conducted were excluded from this survey. The outcomes assessed included the prevalences of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. RESULTS: The number of PIH cases was 27 (3.3%: PIH group), whereas 787 women were used as controls subjects. The mean blood pressure five years after delivery was higher in the PIH group than in the control group (91.6±15.5mmHg vs 82.4±8.8mmHg, respectively; p<0.001), and the prevalence of hypertension five years after labor was 18.5% in the PIH group and 2.9% in the controls (odds ratio UOR Y=6.2; 95% confidence interval (CI)=2.2-17.5; p=0.003). Moreover, regarding high-normal blood pressure (>130/85mmHg), the prevalence was 33.4% in the PIH group and 6.1% in the control subjects (OR=7.2; 95% CI=3.1-16.3; p=0.003). No differences in the prevalences of subsequent diabetes or dyslipidemia were observed. CONCLUSION: Five years after the index pregnancy, women who experienced PIH exhibit an increased risk for subsequent hypertension. Therefore, the blood pressure of women with history of PIH should be regularly monitored after delivery.
ABSTRACT
An original femtosecond Cr(4+):forsterite laser source associated with a nonlinear optical correlator was used for imaging through scattering media with 1220-nm light. The system, which operates as an ultrafast optical gate by sum-frequency generation in a nonlinear crystal, was able to detect the light reflected from a resolution chart hidden in a turbid medium, at an attenuation of as much as 15 mean free paths. When the object was illuminated with a collimated beam, real-time two-dimensional images were obtained, with a maximum transverse resolution of ~20 microm.
ABSTRACT
We propose that thin films of tetragonal chalcopyrite-structure semiconductor media are promising nonlinearoptical (NLO) materials for the following reasons: Phase matching is possible with them in principle, they can be utilized in a waveguide geometry, and they are compatible with III-V substrates. We investigate the second-order NLO properties of chalcopyrite-structure CuInSe(2) and CuGaSe(2) thin films grown on GaAs(001), using optical second-harmonic (SH) generation at a fundamental wavelength of 790 nm. The SH intensities produced by approximately stoichiometric CuInSe(2) and CuGaSe(2) thin films are similar to that of GaAs. The second-order optical nonlinearities are strongly curtailed in nonstoichiometric thin films.
ABSTRACT
The second-order susceptibility d(36) of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) was determined from phase-matched second-harmonic generation (SHG) at two wavelengths. A cw single-mode He-Ne laser (λ= 633 nm) and a cw single-mode Nd:YAG laser (λ= 1064 nm) were used as fundamental beam sources. The results were d(36)(ADP, 633 nm) =(1.31 ± 0.05) ×10(-9) esu = 0.55 ± 0.02 pm/V and d(36)(ADP, 1064 nm) = (1.10 ± 0.06) × 10(-9) esu = 0.46 ± 0.03 pm/V. The d(11) values of α-quartz were determined relative to d(36)(ADP) to be d(11)(α-quartz, 633 nm) = (7.4 ± 0.3) × 10(-10) esu = 0.31 ± 0.01 pm/V and d(11)(α-quartz, 1064 nm) = (7.1 ± 0.3) × 10(-10) esu = 0.30 ± 0.01 pm/V by the use of the Maker fringe method. The Miller's delta ofADP and α-quartz is in good agreement at the two wavelengths.
