ABSTRACT
In plants, stomata regulate water loss through transpiration for plant growth and survival in response to various environmental stressors; and simple methods to assess stomatal dynamics are needed for physiological studies. Herein, we report a fluorescence-imaging-based method using fluorescein diacetate tagged with Hoechst 33342, a nuclear staining chemical probe (HoeAc2Fl) for the qualitative assessment of stomatal dynamics. In our method, the stomatal movement is inferred by simple monitoring of the fluorescence intensity in the nucleus of the stomata.
Subject(s)
Fluoresceins/chemistry , Optical Imaging/methods , Plant Stomata/physiology , Arabidopsis/metabolism , Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics , Carbon Dioxide/metabolism , Fluorescence , Fluorescent Dyes/chemistry , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/genetics , Plant Leaves/metabolism , Plant Stomata/metabolism , Plant Transpiration/physiology , Water/metabolismABSTRACT
A facile, efficient, and scalable synthesis of optically pure coronafacic acid by resolution of racemic coronafacic acid obtained using an improved version of Watson's method has been developed. By optimizing the boron-mediated aldol reaction of Watson, we were able to prepare 2.1 g of racemic coronafacic acid. This was coupled with (S)-4-isopropyl-2-oxazolidinone to give a mixture of diastereomeric coronafacyl oxazolidinones, which were readily separable by silica-gel column chromatography to give 630 mg of optically pure (+)-coronafacic acid.
