Transformation of epidermal growth factor receptor mutated lung adenocarcinoma to small-cell carcinoma long after the cessation of tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment: A case series and literature review.

Histological transformation to small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a well-known mechanism of acquired resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), and almost all patients receive EGFR-TKIs at the time of transformation. We herein report three cases of EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma that transformed into SCLC long after the cessation of EGFR-TKIs. Rapid tumor progression and elevated SCLC marker levels were observed at the time of transformation. Our case highlights the importance of considering SCLC transformation throughout the clinical course. Careful observation of the tumor behavior and SCLC markers should be performed to avoid diagnostic delays.

A Tuberculous Bronchial Artery Aneurysm with Abnormal Findings on Autofluorescence Imaging Bronchoscopy.

Pulmonary tuberculosis is a common disease that may result in hemoptysis. Fetal hemoptysis is known to be related to the rupture of a pulmonary aneurysm formed in the cavity wall. We herein report a case of non-cavity pulmonary tuberculosis that developed with massive hemoptysis following bronchial artery aneurysm. Bronchial artery embolization was performed, and autofluorescence imaging bronchoscopy was conducted one month after the anti-tuberculosis treatment. Bright-green color was observed in the ulcerative lesion with a white coat, corresponding to the bronchial artery aneurysm. This is the first report of the autofluorescence imaging observation of an ulcerative lesion caused by bronchial tuberculosis.