ABSTRACT
A prevalência da hepatite C apresenta elevada amplitude devido a grande diferenciação genotípica. Neste estudo, foi possível verificar os genótipos do HCV em portadores de hepatite C crônica na macrorregião noroeste do Paraná. Trata-se de um estudo de corte transversal, no qual foram levantados os dados laboratoriais dos pacientes atendidos em um laboratório de análises clínicas de agosto de 2013 a outubro de 2015. Além de verificar a distribuição dos pacientes portadores crônicos do HCV quanto ao sexo e faixa etária, também a distribuição geográfica dos genótipos do HCV de acordo com a área de abrangência de atendimento do laboratório; os resultados foram comparados aos da literatura. Das 348 amostras, 210 (60,3%) eram do genótipo 1 (p < 0,05), 101 (29,0%) do 3 (p < 0,05), 21 (6,0%) do 2, 1 (0,3%) do 4, 1 (0,3%) do 5 e 12 (3,4%) de indeterminados. Das cidades estudadas, as que apresentaram maior detecção de hepatite C foram: Maringá (112 casos/32,2%), Cascavel (59 casos/17,0%), Paranavaí (37 casos/10,6%) e Umuarama (22 casos /6,3%). Sendo assim, os genótipos mais prevalentes foram 1, 3 e 2. Os homens foram os mais afetados e a faixa etária de maior detecção foi entre 40 a 50 anos.
The prevalence of hepatitis C is wide due to great differentiation of genotypes. Current study verifies HCV genotypes in patients with chronic Hepatitis C in the northwestern microregion of the state of Paraná, Brazil. Current transversal study analyzed laboratory data of patients attended to in a clinical test laboratory between August 2013 and October 2015. Study verified the distribution of patients suffering from chronic HCV according to gender and age bracket and to the laboratory attendance range. Results were compared with those in the literature. Results showed that 210 (60.3%) out of 348 samples belonged to genotype 1 (p<0.05), 101 (29.0%) to 3 (p<0.05), 21 (6.0%) to 2, 1 (0.3%) to 4, 1 (0.3%) to 5 and 12 (3.4%) undetermined. The cities with the highest detection of Hepatitis C were: Maringá (112 cases/32.2%), Cascavel (59 cases/17.0%), Paranavaí (37 cases/10.6%) and Umuarama (22 cases /6.3%). Most prevalent genotypes were 1, 3 and 2, with males as the most affected and the greatest occurrence was featured within age bracket 40 50 years.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Demography , Epidemiology , Hepatitis C , GenotypeABSTRACT
We studied host factors that could predispose women to develop recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC), including glycemia, insulin resistance, chronic stress, antioxidant capacity, overall immune status, local inflammation and vaginal microbiota. The presence of yeasts in vaginal culture was screened in 277 women, with or without signs and symptoms of VVC and RVVC. The presence of an inflammatory process and microbiota were analyzed through vaginal bacterioscopy and cervical-vaginal cytology, respectively. Fasting-blood samples were collected by standard venipuncture for biochemical analyses. Flow cytometry was employed to obtain the T helper/T cytotoxic lymphocyte ratio, and insulin resistance was assessed by the HOMA index (HI). Yeasts were isolated from 71 (26%) women: 23 (32.4%) with a positive culture but without symptoms (COL), 22 (31%) in an acute episode (VVC), and 26 (36.6%) with RVVC. C. albicans was the main yeast isolated in all clinical profiles. The control group (negative culture) comprised 206 women. Diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance were more associated with the positive-culture groups (COL, VVC and RVVC) than with negative ones. The RVVC group showed lower mean levels of cortisol than the control group and lower antioxidant capacity than all other groups. The T Helper/T cytotoxic lymphocyte ratio was similar in all groups. The RVVC group showed a similar level of vaginal inflammation to the control group, and lower than in the COL and VVC groups. Only the CVV group showed a reduction in vaginal lactobacillus microbiota. Our data suggest that both chronic stress (decreased early-morning cortisol levels) and reduced antioxidant capacity can be host predisposing factors to RVVC.
Subject(s)
Antioxidants/metabolism , Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal/etiology , Stress, Psychological/complications , Adolescent , Adult , Blood Glucose/analysis , Candida albicans , Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal/psychology , Female , Humans , Inflammation/complications , Insulin Resistance , Microbiota , Prospective Studies , Recurrence , Risk Factors , Vagina/microbiology , Young AdultABSTRACT
Determinar a prevalência do AgHBs nas gestantes da 15ª Regional de Saúde (15ª R.S.) atendidas no Laboratório de Ensino e Pesquisa em Análises Clínicas (Lepac), Universidade Estadual de Maringá, e verificar se foi solicitada a imunoprofilaxia para hepatite B aos recém-natos das gestantes AgHBs positivo, no período de janeiro de 1998 a dezembro de 2002. A pesquisa do AgHBs foi realizada pela técnica imunoenzimática IMxHBsAg e Axsym HBsAg (Laboratório Abbott). As solicitações de imunobiológicos especiais para a imunoprofilaxia da hepatite B ao CRIE foram obtidas na Seção de Epidemiologia da 15ª R.S. Foram analisadas 12.274 gestantes e a prevalência do AgHBs foi de 1,0%. Dentre as 125 gestantes AgHBs positivo, foram solicitadas imunoprofilaxia para 32 (25,6%) recém-nascidos. Ainda que a prevalência encontrada indique ser esta uma área de baixa endemicidade, os resultados reafirmam a importância da realização do diagnóstico da hepatite B no atendimento pré-natal, para adoção da imunoprofilaxia no recém-nascido.
To determine HBsAg prevalence among pregnant women from the 15th Health Regional assisted in the Laboratório de Ensino e Pesquisa em Análises Clínicas (Lepac), Universidade Estadual de Maringá, and verify whether immunoprophylaxis with vaccine and immunoglobulin was requested for the newborns of HBsAg-positive women during the period from January 1998 to December 2002. The research about HBsAg was conducted using the immunoenzymatic IMxHBsAg (Abbot Lab) and Axsym HBsAg (Abbot Lab) techniques. The requests to the CRIE for special immunobiologic agents for Hepatitis B immunoprophylaxis were obtained in the Department of Epidemiology from the 15th Health Regional. The analysis includes 12,274 pregnant women, and the HBsAg prevalence was 1.0%. Among 125 HBsAg positive pregnant women, immunoprophylaxis was requested for 32 (25.6%) newborns. Although the prevalence detected demonstrates this to be a low endemic area, the results evidence the importance of conducting the hepatitis B diagnostic during prenatal assistance, in order to perform immunoprophylaxis on the newborns.
