ABSTRACT
Objetives: As the first step forward building a supporting system for the Parents of Children with Profound Intellectual and Multiple Disabilities (PIMD) at home, we developed a new resilience scale that can be used by multiple professionals to understand the situation of those parents and to provide the necessary support. METHODS: First, we collected scale items on the basis of our previous study as well as related reports in the literature. These items were then screened by the research team with knowledge and experience in supporting those parents, finally, 37 items were generated. Then, we asked the parents of children with PIMD who were of elementary school age and above in the Kanto-Shinetsu area to complete a questionnaire. Out of 477 questionnaires sent, 193 were refused, and the data were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Exploratory factor analysis revealed that the scale was made up of the following seven factors. 1) Understanding and awareness of the child, 2) Empowerment by the child, 3) Use of specialists, 4) Interest and concern in something other than the child, 5) Emotional adjustment, 6) Maintenance of lifestyle balance, and 7) Request for assistances. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of each factor was calculated. The validity was also confirmed by determining the relationship of resilience with parents' well-being. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the new resilience scale for parents of children with PIMD developed in this study can be a reliable instrument for assessing resilience in Japanese parents of a child with such disabilities.
Subject(s)
Disabled Children/psychology , Intellectual Disability/psychology , Parents/psychology , Psychometrics/methods , Resilience, Psychological , Social Support , Asian People , Child , Child, Preschool , Feasibility Studies , Home Care Services , Humans , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Reproducibility of Results , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
This essay roughly sketches two major conceptions of autonomy in contemporary bioethics that promote the resourcification of human body parts: (1) a narrow conception of autonomy as self-determination; and (2) the conception of autonomy as dissociated from human dignity. In this paper I will argue that, on the one hand, these two conceptions are very different from that found in the modern European tradition of philosophical inquiry, because bioethics has concentrated on an external account of patient's self-determination and on dissociating dignity from internal human nature. However, on the other hand, they are consistent with more recent European philosophy. In this more recent tradition, human dignity has gradually been dissociated from contextual values, and human subjectivity has been dissociated from objectivity and absolutized as never to be objectified. In the concluding part, I will give a speculative sketch in which Kant's internal inquiry of maxim of ends, causality and end, and dignity as iirreplaceability is recombined with bioethics' externalized one and used to support an extended human resourcification.
