ABSTRACT
The paper summarises the role of tomographic cerebral blood flow SPECT scanning in psychiatric diagnostics, its' physical and radiopharmaceutical basis, pathological physiology of cerebrovascular circulation in psychiatric disorders and interpretation of cerebral blood flow scanning results by the clinician. Cerebral blood flow scanning is, to some extent, a functional equivalent of CT/MRI scanning. In psychiatry cerebral blood flow SPECT scanning's basic application is the differentiation of dementia and cognitive impairment, in particular Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal lobar degeneration and multi-infarct dementia. The other indications for brain SPECT scanning involve the organic brain lesions and medico-legal diagnostics, including the sequelae of cranio-cerebral trauma. Contraindications and economical aspects are underlined.
Subject(s)
Frontal Lobe/blood supply , Mental Disorders/diagnostic imaging , Mental Disorders/physiopathology , Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon , Frontal Lobe/diagnostic imaging , Humans , Radiopharmaceuticals , Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime , Tomography, Emission-ComputedABSTRACT
Two rare cases of solitary metastasis to the thyroid of the clarocellular carcinoma of the kidney are described. The diagnostic difficulties are presented as well as the surgical treatment and the katamnesis of the patients. A short review of the literature has been given.
Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma/pathology , Kidney Neoplasms/pathology , Thyroid Neoplasms/secondary , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnosis , Thyroid Neoplasms/etiologyABSTRACT
A group of 153 patients with scintigraphically detected autonomic "hot" nodules of the thyroid has been subjected to clinical and histopathological analysis. Substantial part of these patients (30.1%) had hyperthyroidism, partly (in 19.9% of cases) in the form of the thyrocardiac syndrome. A most frequent histopathological lesion found within "hot" nodules was follicular adenoma. The occurrence of malignancy in the form of highly differentiated thyroid carcinoma was observed in 2.6% of cases. The incidence of thyroid carcinoma within "hot" nodules was in our material only two and half times smaller than in a previously analyzed group of patients with "cold" nodules of the thyroid.
