Enhanced bone formation during healing process of tooth sockets filled with demineralized human dentine matrix.

BACKGROUND: Orthodontic procedures are often limited by the presence of bone defects caused by trauma, periodontal diseases or surgeries, thus requiring the development of materials capable to compensate such deficiencies. Since bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are indicative of bone reconstitution, this study aimed to evaluate histological and immunohistochemically the temporal location of BMP-2 and BMP-4 in osteoblasts of rat alveolar wounds filled with demineralized human dentine matrix (DHDM), used as a graft material. METHODS: After extraction of the upper second molars, the left side alveoli were filled with DHDM and the right side served as the control. The animals were euthanized after 3, 5, 10 and 14 days of surgery. After fixation, demineralization and paraffin embedding, representative samples of each group were stained with H&E and immunohistochemically evaluated. RESULTS: The data showed a statistically significant (p < 0.05) increased number of osteoblasts positively immunostained for BMP-2 and BMP-4 on the experimental side (left) at 10 days. Our results also showed that even when not degraded, dentine matrix was incorporated to new bone formation after 14 days of surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that DHDM acts as a scaffold for osteoblast differentiation, actively yielding new bone formation, and it may represent an effective bone implant material.

First radiation hybrid map of the river buffalo X chromosome (BBUX) and comparison with BTAX.

We report the first radiation hybrid map of the river buffalo X chromosome generated from a recently constructed river buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) whole-genome radiation hybrid panel (BBURH(5000)). This map contains a total of 33 cattle-derived markers, including 10 genes, four ESTs and 19 microsatellites. The markers are distributed in two linkage groups: LG1 contains eight markers spanning 125.6 cR, and LG2 contains 25 markers spanning 366.3 cR. LG1 contains six markers in common with bovine sequence assembly build 3.1. With the exception of BMS2152, the order of these markers on our BBUX map is shuffled when compared to the cow X chromosome (Bos taurus; BTAX). From LG2, two markers (AMELX and BL22) map to a more distal portion of BTAX compared to BBUX. In addition, two pairs of LG2 markers exhibit inversions compared to BTAX (ILSTS017 and ATRX; XBM38 and PPEF1). Alternatively, when compared to the most recent bovine RH map (Bov-Gen 3000rads), BL1098 and BMS2227 from LG1 as well as PLS3 and BMS1820 from LG2 showed inverted positions on the BBUX map. These discrepancies in buffalo and cattle maps may reflect evolutionary divergence of the chromosomes or mapping errors in one of the two species. Although the set of mapped markers does not cover the entire X chromosome, this map is a starting point for the construction of a high-resolution map, which is necessary for characterization of small rearrangements that might have occurred between the Bubalus bubalis and Bos taurus X chromosomes.

A radiation hybrid map of river buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) chromosome 1 (BBU1).

The largest chromosome in the river buffalo karyotype, BBU1, is a submetacentric chromosome with reported homology between BBU1q and bovine chromosome 1 and between BBU1p and BTA27. We present the first radiation hybrid map of this chromosome containing 69 cattle derived markers including 48 coding genes, 17 microsatellites and four ESTs distributed in two linkage groups spanning a total length of 1330.1 cR(5000). The RH map was constructed based on analysis of a recently developed river buffalo-hamster whole genome radiation hybrid (BBURH(5000)) panel. The retention frequency of individual markers across the panel ranged from 17.8 to 52.2%. With few exceptions, the order of markers within linkage groups is identical to the order established for corresponding cattle RH maps. The BBU1 map provides a starting point for comparison of gene order rearrangements between river buffalo chromosome 1 and its bovine homologs.

Preliminary radiation hybrid map for river buffalo chromosome 6 and comparison to bovine chromosome 3.

We present the first radiation hybrid (RH) map of river buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) chromosome 6 (BBU6) developed with a recently constructed river buffalo whole-genome RH panel (BBURH(5000)). The preliminary map contains 33 cattle-derived markers, including 12 microsatellites, 19 coding genes and two ESTs, distributed across two linkage groups. Retention frequencies for markers ranged from 14.4% to 40.0%. Most of the marker orders within the linkage groups on BBU6 were consistent with the cattle genome sequence and RH maps. This preliminary RH map is the starting point for comparing gene order between river buffalo and cattle, presenting an opportunity for the examination of micro-rearrangements of these chromosomes. Also, resources for positional candidate cloning in river buffalo are enhanced.

A radiation hybrid map of river buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) chromosome 7 and comparative mapping to the cattle and human genomes.

A preliminary radiation hybrid (RH) map containing 50 loci on chromosome 7 of the domestic river buffalo Bubalus bubalis (BBU; 2n = 50) was constructed based on a comparative mapping approach. The RH map of BBU7 includes thirty-seven gene markers and thirteen microsatellites. All loci have been previously assigned to Bos taurus (BTA) chromosome BTA6, which is known for its association with several economically important milk production traits in cattle. The map consists of two linkage groups spanning a total length of 627.9 cR(5,000). Comparative analysis of the BBU7 RH(5,000) map with BTA6 in cattle gave new evidence for strong similarity between the two chromosomes over their entire length and exposed minor differences in locus order. Comparison of the BBU7 RH(5,000) map with the Homo sapiens (HSA) genome revealed similarity with a large chromosome segment of HSA4. Comparative analysis of loci in both species revealed more variability than previously known in gene order and several chromosome rearrangements including centromere relocation. The data obtained in our study define the evolutionarily conserved segment on BBU7 and HSA4 to be between 3.5 megabases (Mb) and 115.8 Mb in the HSA4 (genome build 36) DNA sequence.

Morbidity of adjuvant high-dose-rate brachytherapy for low to intermediate risk endometrial adenocarcinoma completely resected.

The aim of this retrospective analysis was to evaluate bowel and urinary acute and late morbidity in patients with low to intermediate risk endometrial carcinoma, submitted to total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, without lymphadenectomy, and postoperative high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR-B) as the sole treatment. From March 1996 to June 1998, 70 patients were treated on an outpatient basis, to a total dose of 30-50 Gy, given in two fractions per week. A total of 4-5 fractions of 6-10 GY was delivered. Three patients (4.2%) developed severe bowel complications, with one patient experiencing severe rectal bleeding. Local control was observed in 68 (97.1%) patients. Five-year actuarial disease and complication-free survival were 94.3% and 96.8%, respectively. In conclusion, it seems that a modest dose fraction schedule of HDR-B yields very high local control rates and low morbidity rates.