ABSTRACT
An aesthetically pleasing face is centered on strength, symmetry, and balance. A defined, well-projected chin and jawline are crucial to this harmony and recontouring the lower third of the face plays a significant role in plastic surgery. Chin augmentation can be performed with injectables, implantation, or osseous genioplasty. The selection of the best procedure is based on the type and extent of deformity. This article reviews chin augmentation with emphasis on alloplast implantation. The relevant anatomy, patient evaluation, implant indications and limitations, alloplast selection, and surgical techniques in implantation are presented.
Subject(s)
Chin , Dimethylpolysiloxanes , Genioplasty , Chin/anatomy & histology , Humans , Prostheses and ImplantsABSTRACT
Numerous techniques and treatments have been described for scar revision, with most studies focusing on the adult population. A comprehensive review of the literature reveals a paucity of references related specifically to scar revision in children. This review describes the available modalities in pediatric facial scar revision. The authors have integrated current practices in soft tissue trauma and scar revision, including closure techniques and materials, topical therapy, steroid injection, cutaneous laser therapy, and tissue expanders.
Subject(s)
Cicatrix/surgery , Face/surgery , Facial Injuries/surgery , Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods , Soft Tissue Injuries/surgery , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use , Child , Cicatrix/drug therapy , Cicatrix/etiology , Cicatrix/prevention & control , Combined Modality Therapy , Dermabrasion , Free Tissue Flaps/transplantation , Humans , Laser Therapy , Tissue Expansion , Treatment Outcome , Wound Closure TechniquesABSTRACT
Trigeminal trophic syndrome (TTS) is an uncommon medical condition that may be encountered by otolaryngologists and facial plastic surgeons. TTS begins with damage to the trigeminal nerve or its central sensory connections, causing anesthesia in a dermatomal distribution. With repeated scratching and manipulation, an ulceration occurs, often in the alar region. In this multi-institutional report, we summarize a small series of patients with TTS. Treatment options are discussed along with a review of the relevant literature. Although rare, it is important that practicing otolaryngologists be familiar with the classic signs and symptoms of this condition in order to avoid delays in diagnosis and treatment.
Subject(s)
Hypesthesia/diagnosis , Hypesthesia/surgery , Nose Diseases/diagnosis , Nose Diseases/surgery , Nose/innervation , Skin Ulcer/etiology , Skin Ulcer/surgery , Trigeminal Nerve Diseases/diagnosis , Trigeminal Nerve Diseases/surgery , Trigeminal Nerve/surgery , Adult , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Hypesthesia/etiology , Male , Middle Aged , Nose Diseases/etiology , Postoperative Complications/diagnosis , Postoperative Complications/surgery , Reoperation , Rhinoplasty/methods , Surgical Flaps , Trigeminal Nerve Diseases/etiology , Trigeminal Neuralgia/surgeryABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To report our complication rates during extracorporeal septoplasty (ECS) and to describe a new fixation and splinting technique we developed to simplify stable midline fixation of the neocaudal septum. Correction of the caudally deviated septum remains one of the more difficult surgical goals in functional nasal surgery. METHODS: A retrospective medical record review of patients undergoing ECS at our institution. We report our complications and describe a new technique for ECS. RESULTS: Forty-six patients underwent ECS from June 1, 2007, through April 30, 2010. Twenty-six of these patients underwent primary surgical repair, whereas 20 presented for revision surgery from outside facilities. Ten revision cases required an ear cartilage graft, and 5 required a rib graft. The overall complication rate was 9% (4 patients), with 4% (2 patients) each for minor and major complications. CONCLUSIONS: Complication rates of ECS are similar to those of endonasal septoplasty. Stable midline fixation of a reconstructed neocaudal septum is possible with a new technique that relies on novel splinting instead of suture fixation to the midline of the nasal spine.
Subject(s)
Nasal Septum/surgery , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Rhinoplasty/methods , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Surgical Wound Infection/epidemiology , Suture Techniques , Young AdultABSTRACT
Historically, the male cosmetic surgery patient has been viewed as being highly psychopathologic. Recent studies have refuted this longheld belief. However, when conducting a male aging face consultation, it is important for cosmetic surgeons to perform a focused psychiatric assessment to screen for mentally-ill patients, who may not be good surgical candidates. Included in the spectrum of psychiatric diseases that should be recognized is body dysmorphic disorder, an illness characterized by distortions in body perception, which has a higher prevalence in the cosmetic surgery population. By taking a focused psychiatric history, the cosmetic surgeon can identify patients who have untreated psychiatric pathology and are not psychologically appropriate for surgery. These patients would instead benefit from consultation with a mental health professional.
