Cytological grading of canine mast cell tumors: correlation with histologic grading and survival time / Graduação citológica de mastocitomas caninos: correlação com graduação histológica e sobrevida

ABSTRACT: Mast cell tumors are one of the most common neoplasia in dogs and cytopathology and/or histopathology examinations are used for diagnosis. Histologic grading is considered the gold standard test to predict the prognosis of this neoplasia. However, studies have been conducted using the cytological grading system to provide similar information in a faster, less invasive, and more accessible way. This study aimed to investigate cytological graduation and correlate it with histological grading and the survival time of dogs diagnosed with cutaneous mast cell tumors at the Veterinary Hospital of "Universidade Federal de Uberlândia" over five years. For that, cytological and histological slides from 72 animals were reviewed. The statistical methods used were the kappa test for agreement between grading systems, the Kaplan-Meier for survival time, Cox regression for comparison of cytological and histological grades and survival time. The cytological grading when compared to the two-tier histologic grading, high and low grades, had a moderate agreement (kappa 0.566). When the correlation between survival time and the cytological grade was evaluated, there was a higher death rate in the group with high-grade mast cell tumors compared to low grade, pointing to a correlation between survival time and cytological grade (p=0.009). In conclusion, the cytological grade is useful to treatment planning and providing prognostic information that precedes tumor removal, showing a good correlation with the two-tier histologic grading and with the survival time of the animals.

RESUMO: O mastocitoma é uma das neoplasias cutâneas mais comum nos cães e os exames citopatológicos e/ou histopatológicos são utilizados para diagnóstico. A graduação histológica é considerada padrão ouro para prever o prognóstico dessa neoplasia. Contudo, estudos têm sido realizados visando utilizar graduação citológica para fornecer informações semelhantes de maneira rápida, menos invasiva e mais acessível. Esse trabalho objetivou realizar graduação citológica e correlacionar com as graduações histológicas e com a sobrevida de cães diagnosticados com mastocitoma cutâneo no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia durante 5 anos. Para isso, lâminas de citologia e histologia de mastocitomas de 72 animais foram revisadas. Os métodos estatísticos utilizados foram teste kappa para concordância entre os sistemas de graduação, método Kaplan-Meier para tempo de sobrevida dos animais, e análise pela regressão de Cox para comparação do grau citológico e grau histológico e o tempo de sobrevida global. A graduação citológica quando comparada com a histológica de dois níveis, alto grau e baixo grau, obteve uma concordância moderada (kappa 0,566). Na avaliação da correlação entre sobrevida e grau citológico, houve maior taxa de óbito no grupo de cães com mastocitoma de alto grau, comparado aos de baixo grau, sendo observada correlação entre a sobrevida e o grau citológico (p=0,009). Esse estudo concluiu que o grau citológico é útil para o planejamento do tratamento e para fornecer informações prognósticas que antecedem a exérese do tumor, tendo boa correlação com a graduação histológica de dois níveis e com a sobrevida dos animais.

Ocorrência de endoparasitas gastrointestinais em cães da associação protetora animal e ambiental da cidade de Patos de Minas, MG, Brasil / Occurrence of gastrointestinal endoparasites in dogs from the Associação Protetora Animal e Ambiental de Patos de Minas, of the city of Patos de Minas, MG, Brazil

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar a ocorrência de endoparasitos gastrointestinais em cães da Associação Protetora Animal e Ambiental de Patos de Minas (ASPAA), na cidade de Patos de Minas, MG. Foram avaliados 100 cães abrigados no período de abril de 2017 a fevereiro de 2018. Uma amostra de fezes frescas de cada animal foi coletada e submetida as técnicas de Hoffman, Pons e Janer (1934) e Willis e Mollay (1921). Os principais ovos de helmintos encontrados foram Ancylostoma sp. e Toxocara canis, e o protozoário da classe coccídea Isospora canis. A infecção causada por Toxocara canis e Ancylostoma sp. foi predominante, enfatizando uma ameaça para a saúde pública, considerando a estreita proximidade entre o homem e o cão e o potencial zoonótico dos principais gêneros encontrados nesse estudo.

This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in dogs from the Associação Protetora Animal e Ambiental de Patos de Minas (ASPAA), in the city of Patos de Minas, MG. 100 dogs sheltered from April 2017 to February 2018 were evaluated. A sample of fhesh feces from each animal was collected and submitted to the techniques of Hoffman, Pons and Janer (1934) and Willis and Mollay (1921). The main helminth eggs found were Ancylostoma sp. and Toxocara canis, and the coccid class protozoan Isospora canis. Infection caused by Toxocara canis and Ancylostoma sp. was prevalent, emphasizing a threat to public health, considering the close proximity between man and dog and the zoonotic potential of the main genera found in this study.

Ocorrência de endoparasitas gastrointestinais em cães da associação protetora animal e ambiental da cidade de Patos de Minas, MG, Brasil / Occurrence of gastrointestinal endoparasites in dogs from the Associação Protetora Animal e Ambiental de Patos de Minas, of the city of Patos de Minas, MG, Brazil

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar a ocorrência de endoparasitos gastrointestinais em cães da Associação Protetora Animal e Ambiental de Patos de Minas (ASPAA), na cidade de Patos de Minas, MG. Foram avaliados 100 cães abrigados no período de abril de 2017 a fevereiro de 2018. Uma amostra de fezes frescas de cada animal foi coletada e submetida as técnicas de Hoffman, Pons e Janer (1934) e Willis e Mollay (1921). Os principais ovos de helmintos encontrados foram Ancylostoma sp. e Toxocara canis, e o protozoário da classe coccídea Isospora canis. A infecção causada por Toxocara canis e Ancylostoma sp. foi predominante, enfatizando uma ameaça para a saúde pública, considerando a estreita proximidade entre o homem e o cão e o potencial zoonótico dos principais gêneros encontrados nesse estudo.(AU)

This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in dogs from the Associação Protetora Animal e Ambiental de Patos de Minas (ASPAA), in the city of Patos de Minas, MG. 100 dogs sheltered from April 2017 to February 2018 were evaluated. A sample of fhesh feces from each animal was collected and submitted to the techniques of Hoffman, Pons and Janer (1934) and Willis and Mollay (1921). The main helminth eggs found were Ancylostoma sp. and Toxocara canis, and the coccid class protozoan Isospora canis. Infection caused by Toxocara canis and Ancylostoma sp. was prevalent, emphasizing a threat to public health, considering the close proximity between man and dog and the zoonotic potential of the main genera found in this study.(AU)

Osteossarcoma mamário com êmbolo neoplásico em cerebelo / Mammary osteosarcoma with neoplastic emboli in cerebellum

Background: The mammary neoplasms are highly frequent in female dogs. It is characterized by the proliferation of epithelial or mesenchymal cells. The mammary osteosarcoma is a example of the proliferation of the last group and its main feature is production of osteoid matrix and areas of mature bone tissue formation. Metastases to the lungs and regional lymph nodes are frequent, however some other metastasis sites have been reported. The aim of this study is to report a mammary osteosarcoma in a 12-year-old mixed-breed female dog with multiple metastases and neoplastic emboli to the central nervous system. Case: The animal was brought to the Veterinary Hospital of the Uberlândia Federal University (HV/UFU) with the complaint of increase in the volume of the mammary glands. The cytopathological exams was performed in the mass that measured 15 cm of diameter and covering a large region of the mammary gland, from the right cranial thoracic to the right cranial abdominal mammary gland. The cytological diagnostic was inconclusive because of the lack of material for diagnosis. Therefore, total unilateral mastectomy was performed for histopathology analysis. The material was then sent to the Animal Pathology Laboratory of the HV/UFU where routine processing was performed. The microscopy showed proliferation of mesenchymal cells arranged in bundles with intense pleomorfism and producing osteoid matrix, leading to the diagnosis of mammary osteosarcoma. Around 15 days after the diagnostic the animal died and was sent the Animal Pathology Laboratory of the HV/UFU for necropsy. During the external exam there was a mass at the same site of the primary mass previously extracted. Besides it, there were masses affecting lungs, intestine and kidneys. The histopathological exam showed sites of metastasis of osteosarcoma in the organs described, as well as neoplastic...(AU)

Osteossarcoma mamário com êmbolo neoplásico em cerebelo / Mammary osteosarcoma with neoplastic emboli in cerebellum

Background: The mammary neoplasms are highly frequent in female dogs. It is characterized by the proliferation of epithelial or mesenchymal cells. The mammary osteosarcoma is a example of the proliferation of the last group and its main feature is production of osteoid matrix and areas of mature bone tissue formation. Metastases to the lungs and regional lymph nodes are frequent, however some other metastasis sites have been reported. The aim of this study is to report a mammary osteosarcoma in a 12-year-old mixed-breed female dog with multiple metastases and neoplastic emboli to the central nervous system. Case: The animal was brought to the Veterinary Hospital of the Uberlândia Federal University (HV/UFU) with the complaint of increase in the volume of the mammary glands. The cytopathological exams was performed in the mass that measured 15 cm of diameter and covering a large region of the mammary gland, from the right cranial thoracic to the right cranial abdominal mammary gland. The cytological diagnostic was inconclusive because of the lack of material for diagnosis. Therefore, total unilateral mastectomy was performed for histopathology analysis. The material was then sent to the Animal Pathology Laboratory of the HV/UFU where routine processing was performed. The microscopy showed proliferation of mesenchymal cells arranged in bundles with intense pleomorfism and producing osteoid matrix, leading to the diagnosis of mammary osteosarcoma. Around 15 days after the diagnostic the animal died and was sent the Animal Pathology Laboratory of the HV/UFU for necropsy. During the external exam there was a mass at the same site of the primary mass previously extracted. Besides it, there were masses affecting lungs, intestine and kidneys. The histopathological exam showed sites of metastasis of osteosarcoma in the organs described, as well as neoplastic...

Transverse terminal humeral bilateral hemimelia in a dog case report / Hemimelia transversa terminal umeral bilateral em um cão relato de caso

Hemimelia is a rare congenital anomaly, characterized by the absence of a part or the whole distal segment of a body member. It is usually unilateral and is classified according to the affected bone segments. In the transverse terminal hemimelia, there is the absence of the whole distal part of a body member, what is defined as congenital amputation. Several studies about cats and dogs concluded that radial hemimelia is the most usual. However, other types of this anomaly are rarely observed in dogs. Therefore, the aim of this study is to report a case of transverse terminal humeral bilateral hemimelia in a mixed-breed dog. In the physical exam was observed a bilateral malformation of the thoracic members. The radiographs revealed the presence of a well-developed scapula, humeral vestiges and the absence of other appendicular segments on the right and left antimeres, what made the hemimelia diagnosis possible. Consanguinity was the probable cause of the anomaly. Because of the scarcity of scientific reports about this pathology in dogs, further studies are needed to investigate the here observed.

Hemimelia é uma rara anomalia congênita caracterizada pela ausência de parte ou todo o segmento distal de um membro, de ocorrência geralmente unilateral e classificada de acordo com os segmentos ósseos afetados. Na hemimelia transversa terminal toda a porção distal de um membro está ausente, sendo definida como amputação congênita. Diversos estudos em cães e gatos reportam a hemimelia radial, sendo esta a forma mais frequente. Não obstante, raras são as abordagens em cães acerca das demais apresentações da hemimelia. Assim, este estudo objetiva relatar um caso de hemimelia transversa terminal umeral bilateral em um cão mestiço. No exame físico, observou-se má formação dos membros torácicos. As imagens radiográficas revelaram nos antímeros direito e esquerdo a presença de escápula desenvolvida, resquícios umerais e ausência dos demais segmentos apendiculares, permitindo assim o diagnóstico de hemimelia. Como causa provável constou apenas o fator de consanguinidade. Devido escassez de abordagens científicas acerca deste tipo de patologia em cães, demais estudos são necessários para investigar o aqui observado.

Tumor venéreo transmissível subcutâneo – relato de caso / Subcutaneous transmissible venereal tumor – case report / Tumor venéreo transmisible subcutáneo – relato de un caso

O tumor venéreo transmissível (TVT) é neoplasia específica de caninos, de apresentação frequente em genitais. As metástases se dão por via hematógena ou linfática, e o acometimento extragenital é raro. A forma cutânea é relatada como lesão proliferativa verrucosa, de superfície ulcerada e friável, em geral concomitante à forma genital da doença. Para contribuir com dados clínicos, citopatológicos, prognóstico e devido à apresentação incomum, relata-se um caso de TVT subcutâneo em cadela adulta, sem raça definida, castrada, disseminado em forma de nódulos na face interna dos membros posteriores. O exame citopatológico revelou muitas células redondas com núcleo em geral excêntrico, cromatina frouxa e citoplasma amplo, muito vacuolizado, típicos de TVT plasmocitóide. Quatro sessões de quimioterapia com sulfato de vincristina levaram à remissão completa do tumor. É incomum ocorrer TVT apenas no subcutâneo, ainda mais quando não há lesões genitais a sugerir metástase.

Transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) is a specific cancer of the canine species that usually affects the genital region. Metastases occur by hematogenous or lymphatic routes. The extragenital form is rare and the cutaneous form is reported to be a warty proliferative lesion of ulcerated and friable surface, which usually presents itself concomitantly to the genital form of the disease. We hereby report a case of subcutaneous TVT in a mixed-breed neutered female, in order to contribute clinical and cytopathological data, as well as prognosis, due to unusual presentation of this neoplasm. The formation was disseminated as multiple nodules located on the inner face of the hind limbs. Diagnosis was achieved by cytological examination, which revealed the presence of round cells with predominantly eccentric nuclei, loose chromatin and large and intensely vacuolated cytoplasm, features of plasmacytoid TVT. Four courses of chemotherapy with vincristine sulfate were conducted, yielding complete remission of the tumor. The subcutaneous appearance of TVT is unusual, especially when no genital lesions that might suggest metastasis are found.

El tumor venéreo transmisible (TVT) es una neoplasia específica de los perros que se presenta con mayor frecuencia en región genital. Las metástasis pueden ocurrir por vía hematógena o linfática; es rara la presentación de tumores extragenitales. La forma cutánea se caracteriza como una lesión verrugosa proliferativa, de superficie ulcerada y friable, generalmente concomitante con la forma genital de la enfermedad. Con el objetivo de contribuir con datos clínicos, citopatológicos y de pronóstico, y dada su presentación tan poco frecuente, se relata un caso de TVT subcutáneo en una perra adulta, mestiza, castrada, que se diseminó en forma de nódulos en la cara interna de los miembros posteriores. El examen citopatológico mostró un gran número de células redondas con núcleo generalmente excéntrico, cromatina laxa y citoplasma amplio, muy vacuolizado, típicos de TVT plasmocitoide. Cuatro sesiones de quimioterapia con sulfato de vincristina llevaron a la remisión completa del tumor. Es poco común la presentación de un TVT exclusivamente subcutáneo, mas aún sin lesiones genitales que sugieran una metástasis.

Tumor venéreo transmissível subcutâneo relato de caso / Subcutaneous transmissible venereal tumor case report / Tumor venéreo transmisible subcutáneo relato de un caso

O tumor venéreo transmissível (TVT) é neoplasia específica de caninos, de apresentação frequente em genitais. As metástases se dão por via hematógena ou linfática, e o acometimento extragenital é raro. A forma cutânea é relatada como lesão proliferativa verrucosa, de superfície ulcerada e friável, em geral concomitante à forma genital da doença. Para contribuir com dados clínicos, citopatológicos, prognóstico e devido à apresentação incomum, relata-se um caso de TVT subcutâneo em cadela adulta, sem raça definida, castrada, disseminado em forma de nódulos na face interna dos membros posteriores. O exame citopatológico revelou muitas células redondas com núcleo em geral excêntrico, cromatina frouxa e citoplasma amplo, muito vacuolizado, típicos de TVT plasmocitóide. Quatro sessões de quimioterapia com sulfato de vincristina levaram à remissão completa do tumor. É incomum ocorrer TVT apenas no subcutâneo, ainda mais quando não há lesões genitais a sugerir metástase.(AU)

Transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) is a specific cancer of the canine species that usually affects the genital region. Metastases occur by hematogenous or lymphatic routes. The extragenital form is rare and the cutaneous form is reported to be a warty proliferative lesion of ulcerated and friable surface, which usually presents itself concomitantly to the genital form of the disease. We hereby report a case of subcutaneous TVT in a mixed-breed neutered female, in order to contribute clinical and cytopathological data, as well as prognosis, due to unusual presentation of this neoplasm. The formation was disseminated as multiple nodules located on the inner face of the hind limbs. Diagnosis was achieved by cytological examination, which revealed the presence of round cells with predominantly eccentric nuclei, loose chromatin and large and intensely vacuolated cytoplasm, features of plasmacytoid TVT. Four courses of chemotherapy with vincristine sulfate were conducted, yielding complete remission of the tumor. The subcutaneous appearance of TVT is unusual, especially when no genital lesions that might suggest metastasis are found.(AU)

El tumor venéreo transmisible (TVT) es una neoplasia específica de los perros que se presenta con mayor frecuencia en región genital. Las metástasis pueden ocurrir por vía hematógena o linfática; es rara la presentación de tumores extragenitales. La forma cutánea se caracteriza como una lesión verrugosa proliferativa, de superficie ulcerada y friable, generalmente concomitante con la forma genital de la enfermedad. Con el objetivo de contribuir con datos clínicos, citopatológicos y de pronóstico, y dada su presentación tan poco frecuente, se relata un caso de TVT subcutáneo en una perra adulta, mestiza, castrada, que se diseminó en forma de nódulos en la cara interna de los miembros posteriores. El examen citopatológico mostró un gran número de células redondas con núcleo generalmente excéntrico, cromatina laxa y citoplasma amplio, muy vacuolizado, típicos de TVT plasmocitoide. Cuatro sesiones de quimioterapia con sulfato de vincristina llevaron a la remisión completa del tumor. Es poco común la presentación de un TVT exclusivamente subcutáneo, mas aún sin lesiones genitales que sugieran una metástasis.(AU)

Transverse terminal humeral bilateral hemimelia in a dog case report / Hemimelia transversa terminal umeral bilateral em um cão relato de caso

Hemimelia is a rare congenital anomaly, characterized by the absence of a part or the whole distal segment of a body member. It is usually unilateral and is classified according to the affected bone segments. In the transverse terminal hemimelia, there is the absence of the whole distal part of a body member, what is defined as congenital amputation. Several studies about cats and dogs concluded that radial hemimelia is the most usual. However, other types of this anomaly are rarely observed in dogs. Therefore, the aim of this study is to report a case of transverse terminal humeral bilateral hemimelia in a mixed-breed dog. In the physical exam was observed a bilateral malformation of the thoracic members. The radiographs revealed the presence of a well-developed scapula, humeral vestiges and the absence of other appendicular segments on the right and left antimeres, what made the hemimelia diagnosis possible. Consanguinity was the probable cause of the anomaly. Because of the scarcity of scientific reports about this pathology in dogs, further studies are needed to investigate the here observed.(AU)

Hemimelia é uma rara anomalia congênita caracterizada pela ausência de parte ou todo o segmento distal de um membro, de ocorrência geralmente unilateral e classificada de acordo com os segmentos ósseos afetados. Na hemimelia transversa terminal toda a porção distal de um membro está ausente, sendo definida como amputação congênita. Diversos estudos em cães e gatos reportam a hemimelia radial, sendo esta a forma mais frequente. Não obstante, raras são as abordagens em cães acerca das demais apresentações da hemimelia. Assim, este estudo objetiva relatar um caso de hemimelia transversa terminal umeral bilateral em um cão mestiço. No exame físico, observou-se má formação dos membros torácicos. As imagens radiográficas revelaram nos antímeros direito e esquerdo a presença de escápula desenvolvida, resquícios umerais e ausência dos demais segmentos apendiculares, permitindo assim o diagnóstico de hemimelia. Como causa provável constou apenas o fator de consanguinidade. Devido escassez de abordagens científicas acerca deste tipo de patologia em cães, demais estudos são necessários para investigar o aqui observado.(AU)