Dietary salt intake and kidney function in rural Senegalese populations: a cross-sectional study.

INTRODUCTION: High salt intake is a major risk factor for hypertension and its complications such as chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular diseases. The present study aimed to determine level of sodium consumption and its relation with kidney function in the rural populations of Ferlo (centre of Senegal). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study including 400 volunteers aged > 18 years. Clinical, biological and dietary data were collected during household visits. Daily sodium intake was measured in the 24 h-urine outpout and CKD was defined as eGFR < 60 ml/min. Linear regression analysis was used to assess association between sodium intake and covariates. RESULTS: Mean age was 46.42 ± 15.60 and sex-ratio was 1.05. Prevalence of hypertension, CKD and overweight were 21.5, 11.7 and 20.5%, respectively. The median daily salt intake was 11.7 g with interquartile range of 14.8 g. Only 11.25% of participants consumed less than 5 g/day. After multivariate analysis, high salt intake was associated with age > 60 years, overweight and CKD. However, gender and hypertension were not significantly associated with salt intake. Industrial broths (91.5%) and bread (85%) represented the main sources of dietary salt. CONCLUSION: This study revealed high levels of daily salt intake contrasting with low potassium intakes in the majority of participants. Participants with CKD, overweight and age > 60 years presented higher salt consumption. Stategies to reduce salt consumption are urgently needed to reduce burden of CKD in rural Senegalese populations.

Epidemiology and composition of upper urinary tract lithiasis in Senegalese population: a multicenter retrospective study.

Urolithiasis is a major public health issue due to its increasing prevalence. The objective of this study was to describe the spectrophotometric profile of upper urinary tract stones (UTS) in Senegal. We conducted a multicenter retrospective study of all patients treated for upper UTS whose chemical composition was analyzed from January 2014 to January 2020 in eight regions of Senegal. Socio-demographic, clinical, paraclinical, and prognosis data were collected and analyzed. Three hundred and thirty-four patients were included in this study with a mean age of 46.3 ± 18.4 years and a sex ratio of 1.38. About one-third of patients (31.1%) had a body mass index > 25 kg/m2 and 74.2% presented with lumbar pain was the main clinical symptom. Calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate stones were the predominant types found, respectively, in 37.7% and 24.5% of patients. Uric acid was the main stone constituent in 18.6% of patients and struvites represented 14.7% of cases. Stones were located in the renal calyces and pelvis in 71.2% of cases. Surgical lithotomy was performed in 62.7% of patients for UTS extraction. Upper UTS are frequent condition in Senegalese with predominance of males and young adults. Calcium and uric acid stones are the main types. Preventive dietary and lifestyle measures are needed to reduce their burden.

[Zenker´s diverticulum in a hemodialysis patient]. / Diverticule de Zenker chez une patiente en hémodialyse.

Zenker's diverticulum is a rare and generally benign condition. Its occurrence in a hemodialysis patient has therapeutic and prognostic implications and is a risk factor for mortality and morbidity due to its complications, such as protein-energy malnutrition and pneumonitis. We here report a case of Zenker's diverticulum diagnosed in a chronic haemodialysis patient. The study involved a 61-year-old female patient admitted with upper gastrointestinal bleeding associated with dysphagia. Physical examination showed alteration of general condition and the patient reported an average weight loss of 5 kg in 3 months. Esophagogastroduodenal transit was characterized by dilatation of the cervical esophagus, appearing as a large heterogeneous niche whose upper pole was at the level of the pharyngoesophageal junction. The diagnosis of Zenker's diverticulum was retained. Diverticulectomy by cervical incision was performed. The patient died due to inhalational lung disease in the early postoperative period. Zenker diverticulum is a rare, generally benign disease, but in patients undergoing chronic haemodialysis, it increases mortality and morbidity.