Impact of COVID-19 in nutritional and functional status of survivors admitted in intensive care units during the first outbreak. Preliminary results of the NUTRICOVID study.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: COVID-19 patients present a high hospitalization rate with a high mortality risk for those requiring intensive care. When these patients have other comorbid conditions and older age, the risk for severe disease and poor outcomes after ICU admission are increased. The present work aims to describe the preliminary results of the ongoing NUTRICOVID study about the nutritional and functional status and the quality of life of adult COVID-19 survivors after ICU discharge, emphasizing the in-hospital and discharge situation of this population. METHODS: A multicenter, ambispective, observational cohort study was conducted in 16 public hospitals of the Community of Madrid with COVID-19 survivors who were admitted to the ICU during the first outbreak. Preliminary results of this study include data retrospectively collected. Malnutrition and sarcopenia were screened at discharge using MUST and SARC-F; the use of healthcare resources was measured as the length of hospital stay and requirement of respiratory support and tracheostomy during hospitalization; other study variables were the need for medical nutrition therapy (MNT); and patients' functional status (Barthel index) and health-related quality of life (EQ-5D-5L). RESULTS: A total of 176 patients were included in this preliminary analysis. Most patients were male and older than 60 years, who suffered an average (SD) weight loss of 16.6% (8.3%) during the hospital stay, with a median length of stay of 53 (27-89.5) days and a median ICU stay of 24.5 (11-43.5) days. At discharge, 83.5% and 86.9% of the patients were at risk of malnutrition and sarcopenia, respectively, but only 38% were prescribed MNT. In addition, more than 70% of patients had significant impairment of their mobility and to conduct their usual activities at hospital discharge. CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary analysis evidences the high nutritional and functional impairment of COVID-19 survivors at hospital discharge and highlights the need for guidelines and systematic protocols, together with appropriate rehabilitation programs, to optimize the nutritional management of these patients after discharge.

Efectos agudos y a largo plazo del tratamiento con zolendronato en pacientes adultos con osteogénesis imperfecta. Estudio español observacional con 5 años de seguimiento / Acute and long-term effects of zoledronate in adult patients with osteogenesis imperfecta. An observational Spanish study with five years of follow-up

La osteogénesis imperfecta (OI) es una enfermedad genética que cursa con baja densidad mineral y fragilidad ósea. Varios trabajos han demostrado la eficacia de los bisfosfonatos para mejorar la densidad mineral ósea (DMO). El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la evolución de la DMO y parámetros bioquímicos de metabolismo óseo, en pacientes adultos con OI tratados con ácido zoledrónico intravenoso (iv) durante un periodo medio de 5 años, así como valorar la seguridad de dicho tratamiento. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio prospectivo, observacional en pacientes adultos con OI con osteoporosis u osteopenia, con T-score<-2, a los que se administró ácido zoledrónico (4mg iv) cada 6 meses durante 3 años y posteriormente de forma anual. Se registraron a las 24 y 48 h los cambios agudos en calcio, fósforo, creatinina y hemograma así como los efectos secundarios tras la infusión. Se realizó densitometría basal y cada año. Se determinaron basal y anualmente calcio, fósforo, paratohormona (PTHi), 25OH-vitamina D y marcadores de remodelado óseo (fosfatasa alcalina ósea, ß-cross-lap y deoxipiridolina en orina). Se registraron las nuevas fracturas. Resultados: Se trataron 20 pacientes, 6 hombres y 14 mujeres con una mediana de seguimiento de 5 años. Los niveles de calcio y las plaquetas disminuyeron significativamente a las 24 y 48 h tras la primera infusión. El recuento de hematíes disminuyó a las 24h. Estos cambios no fueron clínicamente relevantes. Siete pacientes presentaron un cuadro pseudogripal tras la primera dosis. La DMO medida en columna lumbar mostró un aumento significativo (6,7%) a los 12 meses de seguimiento (0,741±0,178 vs. 0,791±0,140g/cm2; p=0,003) así como a los tres (5,7%) y 5 años (9%) de seguimento. En cuello femoral se evidenció incremento significativo de la DMO a los 3 años (11,1%): 0,648±0,148 vs. 0,720±0,138g/cm2; p=0,01. En cadera total el incremento (10,1%) resultó significativo a los 3 años de tratamiento (0,706±0,118 vs. 0,720±0,138; p=0,01). No se evidenciaron diferencias significativas en los niveles de calcio y 25OH-vitamina D largo del seguimiento, el fósforo disminuyó significativamente al año y PTHi aumentó a los 3 años. ß-cross-lap disminuyó al año de tratamiento. Solo un paciente ha presentado nuevas fracturas. Conclusiones: El ácido zoledrónico es un tratamiento cómodo, seguro y eficaz para mejorar la DMO en pacientes adultos con OI

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is an inherited disorder that causes low mineral density and bone fragility. Previous studies have shown the efficacy of bisphosphonates to increase bone mineral density (BMD). This study assessed changes over time in BMD and biochemical markers of bone metabolism in adult patients with osteogenesis imperfecta treated with intravenous zoledronic acid and the safety of this treatment. Patients and methods: A prospective, observational study in patients with OI, osteoporosis or osteopenia (T score <-2) who were administered zoledronic acid infusions (4mg IV) every 6 months for three years and annually thereafter. Densitometry was performed annually. Acute changes in complete blood count and calcium, phosphate, and creatinine levels, as well as side effects of the infusion, were recorded 24 and 48h after treatment. Calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone (iPTH), 25OH-vitamin D and bone turnover markers (bone alkaline phosphatase, ß-crosslaps and urinary deoxypyridinoline) were measured at baseline and every 12 months. Adverse events and new fractures were recorded. Results: Twenty patients (6 men and 14 women) were treated. Median follow-up time was five years. Calcium levels and platelet counts significantly decreased 24 and 48hours after the first infusion, and the red blood cell count decreased at 24hours. These changes were not clinically relevant. Seven patients experienced a flu-like episode after the first dose. Treatment induced significant increases in BMD in the lumbar spine (6.7%) after 12 months of follow-up (0.791±0.178 vs. 0.791±0.140g/cm2, p=.003) and at three (5.7%) and five years (9%) of follow-up. Femoral neck BMD significantly increased after 3 years (11.1%): 0.648±0.148 vs. 0.720±0.138g/cm2; p=.01. In total hip, increase in BMD (10.1%) was significant after three years of treatment (0.706±0.118 vs. 0.720±0.138, p=.01). There were no significant differences in calcium and 25OH-vitamin D levels during follow-up, phosphorus significantly decreased after one year, and iPTH increased at three years. ß-crosslaps decreased after one year of treatment. Only one patient sustained new fractures. Conclusions: Zoledronic acid is a convenient, safe, and effective treatment that increases BMD in adult patients with OI

Acute and long-term effects of zoledronate in adult patients with osteogenesis imperfecta. An observational Spanish study with five years of follow-up. / Efectos agudos y a largo plazo del tratamiento con zolendronato en pacientes adultos con osteogénesis imperfecta. Estudio español observacional con 5 años de seguimiento.

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is an inherited disorder that causes low mineral density and bone fragility. Previous studies have shown the efficacy of bisphosphonates to increase bone mineral density (BMD). This study assessed changes over time in BMD and biochemical markers of bone metabolism in adult patients with osteogenesis imperfecta treated with intravenous zoledronic acid and the safety of this treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective, observational study in patients with OI, osteoporosis or osteopenia (T score <-2) who were administered zoledronic acid infusions (4mg IV) every 6 months for three years and annually thereafter. Densitometry was performed annually. Acute changes in complete blood count and calcium, phosphate, and creatinine levels, as well as side effects of the infusion, were recorded 24 and 48h after treatment. Calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone (iPTH), 25OH-vitamin D and bone turnover markers (bone alkaline phosphatase, ß-crosslaps and urinary deoxypyridinoline) were measured at baseline and every 12 months. Adverse events and new fractures were recorded. RESULTS: Twenty patients (6 men and 14 women) were treated. Median follow-up time was five years. Calcium levels and platelet counts significantly decreased 24 and 48hours after the first infusion, and the red blood cell count decreased at 24hours. These changes were not clinically relevant. Seven patients experienced a flu-like episode after the first dose. Treatment induced significant increases in BMD in the lumbar spine (6.7%) after 12 months of follow-up (0.791±0.178 vs. 0.791±0.140g/cm2, p=.003) and at three (5.7%) and five years (9%) of follow-up. Femoral neck BMD significantly increased after 3 years (11.1%): 0.648±0.148 vs. 0.720±0.138g/cm2; p=.01. In total hip, increase in BMD (10.1%) was significant after three years of treatment (0.706±0.118 vs. 0.720±0.138, p=.01). There were no significant differences in calcium and 25OH-vitamin D levels during follow-up, phosphorus significantly decreased after one year, and iPTH increased at three years. ß-crosslaps decreased after one year of treatment. Only one patient sustained new fractures. CONCLUSIONS: Zoledronic acid is a convenient, safe, and effective treatment that increases BMD in adult patients with OI.

Adenocarcinoma de tipo glándula salivar y adenoma paratiroideo intratiroideos en paciente con bocio multinodular / Intrathyroid salivary adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified and parathyroid adenoma in multinodular goiter

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¿Cuándo sospechar una parálisis periódica? A propósito de un caso / When to suspect periodic paralysis: report of clinical case

La parálisis periódica es una patología excepcional que afecta a los canales iónicos musculares por diferentes causas. Produce una pérdida de fuerza muscular de manera llamativa y brusca, más evidente en la zona proximal de miembros inferiores. El hallazgo de hipopotasemia coincidiendo con estos ataques nos orienta al diagnóstico y nos muestra su diana terapéutica inicial (AU)

Periodic paralysis (PP) is an unusual disease related to a defect in muscle ion channels and caused by different pathologies. It is characterized by abrupt muscle weakness affecting rather proximal than distal muscles in lower limbs. The finding of hypokalemia during these attacks leads us to a diagnosis of hypokalemic PP and shows its initial therapeutic target (AU)