Effect of Water and Chlorhexidine with Different Pressures of Oral Irrigation Device on the Surface Roughness and Topography of Giomer

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effect of different pressures of an oral irrigation device (OID) and the irrigation solution type on the surface roughness of the giomer restorative material. Material and Methods: In this in vitro study, disk-shaped giomer samples were fabricated and assigned to 5 groups (n=23): Group 1, storage in distilled water (control); Group 2, OID #7 pressure/ water; Group 3, OID #10 pressure/ water; Group 4, OID #7 pressure/ 0.05% CHX; Group 5, OID #10 pressure/ 0.05% CHX. The samples' treatment simulated a one-year application of OID. Surface roughness (Ra) and topography of the giomer were evaluated using profilometry and scanning electron microscopy. The data were analyzed with Paired t-test, Tukey, and ANOVA tests (α=0.05). Results: The Ra of the samples increased significantly after treatment with OID (p<0.001). The roughness increase in groups with a pressure of 10 was higher than those with a pressure of 7 (p<0.001). The effect of pressure on surface changes was significant (p<0.001). However, the solution type and the cumulative effect of these two factors were insignificant (p=0.08 and p=0.43, respectively). Conclusion: Oral irrigation device with both solutions significantly increased the surface roughness and topographic changes of the giomer. The severity of these changes was related to the device's pressure.

Effect of oral irrigation device and its solution type on the surface roughness and topography of Bulk-fill composite resins.

BACKGROUND: Surface roughness and topography of composite resin materials have a significant role in biofilm aggregation, periodontitis, and recurrent caries. The present study evaluated the effect of the Waterpik oral irrigation device (OID) with different solution [water/ chlorhexidine (CHX)] on the surface roughness and topography of microhybrid (x-tra fil) and nanohybrid (Tetric N-Ceram Bulk) bulk-fill composite resins. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Disk-shaped samples were prepared from each composite resin, measuring 5 mm in diameter and 3 mm in height, and assigned to three groups in terms of treatment (n=19): group A, control (storage in distilled water); group B, OID with water; group C, OID with 0.5% CHX. The samples were treated for eight weeks, simulating one-year use of OID. Profilometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to evaluate and compare quantitatively surface roughness (Ra) and qualitative topography of composite resin surfaces before and after treatment. The data were analyzed with paired-samples, Wilcoxon, and generalized estimating equations tests (α=0.05). RESULTS: The application of OID increased the Ra of composite resin compared to the control group (P<0.001). No significant difference was detected between the two solutions (water and CHX) (P=0.615). The effect of composite resin type and the cumulative effect of composite resin type and OID solution were not significant on the surface roughness changes of the samples (P=0.243 and P=0.464, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: OID with water and CHX solutions increased the surface roughness and topographic changes of microhybrid and nanohybrid bulk-fill composite resins. Key words:Composite resins, irrigation, mouthrinse, surface roughness, topography.

Effect of Listerine Mouthwash with Green Tea on the Inhibition of Streptococcus Mutans: A Microbiologic Study

Abstract Objective: To evaluate in vitro the antimicrobial effect of Listerine-green tea mouthwash on Streptococcus mutans (SM) in comparison with 0.12% Chlorhexidine (CHX) and Listerine-Zero. Material and Methods: The sensitivity and growth inhibition of SM bacterial species were evaluated and compared between Listerine-green tea, 0.12% CHX and Listerine-Zero mouthwashes. Sixty plates containing SM colonies were prepared in three groups (n=20), and growth inhibition zones were measured using the disk diffusion agar test in mm. Data were analyzed with SPSS 21. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the efficacy of the three mouthwashes tested. Post hoc Tukey tests were used for two-by-two comparisons. Statistical significance was defined at P<0.05. Results: Analysis of data showed significant differences between the three groups (p<0.001); 0.12% CHX was the most effective mouthwash, and Listerine-Zero exhibited the least effect on the growth inhibition of SM (p<0.004). Conclusion: All three mouthwashes were significantly effective in inhibiting the growth of SM. The effect of Listerine-green tea mouthwash was higher than that of Listerine-Zero and less than that of 0.12% CHX.