ABSTRACT
The role of exosomes and their mechanism of action at the tumor site have received increasing attention. These microvesicles are produced by a wide range of cells including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and immune cells. In particular, tumor cells release remarkable amounts of exosomes which spread to distant organs through the blood and enhance the possibility of tumor metastasis. In spite of results on tumor promoting properties, there are reports demonstrating the tumor inhibiting effects of exosomes depending on the type of the tumor and cell source. This review aims to have a comprehensive appraisal on the biogenesis, composition, and isolation of exosomes and then highlights the current knowledge of their role in cancer progression or inhibition by special focusing on MSC's exosomes (MSC-EXOs).
ABSTRACT
Cancer as a second leading cause of death arises from multifactorial pathology. The association of microbiota and their products with various pathologic conditions including cancer is receiving significant attention over the past few years. Mounting evidence showed that human microbiota is an emerging target in tumor onset, progression, prevention, and even diagnosis. Accordingly, modulating this composition might influence the response to tumor therapy and therapeutic resistance as well. Through this review, one could conceive of complex interaction between the microbiome and cancer in either positive or negative manner by which may hold potential for finding novel preventive and therapeutic strategies against cancer.
