Clinical results in phacoemulsification using the SRK/T formula.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the prediction of refraction using the SRK/T formula for intraocular lens (IOL) calculation in eyes with medium axial length after phacoemulsification. METHODS: This prospective study enrolled 33 eyes with nuclear cataract that underwent phacoemulsification. All procedures were performed by one surgeon with the intraocular lens placed within the capsular bag. The same technician who was unaware of the purpose of the study made all the measurements. The achieved refractive error one month after surgery was compared to the predicted postoperative refractive error by the SRK/T formula. RESULTS: The ocular axial length varied between 22.2 mm and 24.5 mm. The mean predicted refraction was -0.431 +/- 0.181 D and the mean achieved postoperative spherical equivalent was -0.220 +/- 0.732 D. Eighteen eyes (55%) had a refractive error between +/- 0.50 D and thirty eyes (91%) between +/- 1.00 D of the predicted refraction. There was a tendency toward hyperopic shift (mean +/- SD: 0.211 +/- 0.708 D, p=0.009). CONCLUSION: The SRK/T formula demonstrated a satisfactory accuracy to calculate the error of refraction in eyes with medium axial length.

Clinical results in phacoemulsification using the SRK/T formula / Resultados clínicos na facoemulsificação utilizando a fórmula SRK/T

Purpose: To evaluate the prediction of refraction using the SRK/T formula for intraocular lens (IOL) calculation in eyes with medium axial length after phacoemulsification. Methods: This prospective study enrolled 33 eyes with nuclear cataract that underwent phacoemulsification. All procedures were performed by one surgeon with theintraocular lens placed within the capsular bag. The same technician whowas unaware of the purpose of the study made all the measurements. Theachieved refractive error one month after surgery was compared to the predicted postoperative refractive error by the SRK/T formula. Results: The ocular axial length varied between 22.2 mm and 24.5 mm. The mean predicted refraction was -0.431 ± 0.181 D and the mean achieved postoperative spherical equivalent was -0.220 ± 0.732 D. Eighteen eyes (55%) had a refractive error between ± 0.50 D and thirty eyes (91%) between ± 1.00 D of the predicted refraction. There was a tendency toward hyperopic shift (mean ± SD: 0.211 ± 0.708 D, p=0.009). Conclusion: The SRK/T formula demonstrated a satisfactory accuracy to calculate the error of refraction in eyes with medium axial length.

Objetivo: Avaliar resultados refracionais utilizando a fórmula SRK/T no cálculo de lentes intraoculares (LIO) em olhos comcomprimento axial médio após facoemulsificação. Métodos: Este estudo prospectivo envolveu 33 olhos com catarata nuclear que foram submetidos a facoemulsificação. Todas as cirurgias foram realizadas pelo mesmo cirurgião com lentes intraoculares no saco capsular. O mesmo tecnólogo, o qualnão sabia o objetivo do estudo, realizou todas as medidas biométricas. O erro refracional atingido um mês após a cirurgia foi comparado ao erro refracional pós-operatório previsto pelafórmula SRK/T. Resultados: O comprimento axial variou entre 22,2 mm e 24,5 mm. A refração média prevista foi -0,431 ± 0,181 dioptrias (D) e o equivalente esférico pós-operatório alcançado foi -0,220 ± 0,732 D. Dezoito olhos (55%) obtiveram errorefracional de ± 0,50 D e 30 olhos (91%) entre ± 1,00 D da refração prevista. Houve tendência a um erro hipermetrópico (média±SD: 0,211 ± 0,708 D, p=0,009). Conclusão: A fórmula SRK/T demonstrou acurácia satisfatória no cálculo do erro refracional em olhos de comprimento axial médio.

Evaluation of normal ocular bacterial flora with two different culture media.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine if the use of broth culture medium is efficient in investigating bacterial flora of the normal eyelid and conjunctiva. METHODS: Samples from the conjunctiva and eyelid of healthy patients of various ages who were undergoing ocular surgeries were obtained and cultured at 3 periods: before topical antibiotic prophylaxis, in the postoperative period during topical antibiotic treatment, and 15 days after discontinuation of antibiotic use. Samples were inoculated into both brain heart infusion broth and blood agar plate, and the growth results of both media were analyzed. RESULTS: Brain heart infusion broth medium showed a significantly higher bacterial growth of gram-positive cocci in most periods. The solid blood agar medium had a higher recovery of gram-positive bacilli before prophylaxis only in the older patients. INTERPRETATION: Our results show that a more complete analysis of eyelid and conjunctival flora can be obtained using both liquid and solid media to increase the chances of isolate recovery. The inclusion of liquid media in this analysis was even more relevant in the period of concomitant use of antibiotic treatment.

Microbiological efficacy of lomefloxacin and other drugs regarding microorganisms isolated from the human conjunctiva

Purpose: To evaluate and compare the in vitro susceptibility of human conjunctival bacterial isolates to various antimicrobial agents, including lomefloxacin, other fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and ofloxacin), aminoglycosides (gentamicin, tobramycin, and amicacin), and cephalosporin ( cephalothin). Methods: Antibiotic susceptibility tests conducted over a period of 27 months with 613 bacterial isolates from the conjunctiva were retrospectively analyzed.Results to the total number of positive isolates, the fluoroquinolones showed greater in vitro effectiveness than the other analyzed antibiotics. All bacterial isolates showed significantly higher susceptibility to ciprofloxacin than to lomefloxacin. Conclusion: the fluoroquinolones are not only equally effective against all conjunctival bacterial isolates but they also show superior antimicrobial activity in comparison to aminoglycosides and cephalothin. These results suggest that fluoroquinolones, such as lomefloxacin, can be beneficially prescribed for conjunctival infections and also as prophylaxis in ocular surgery.