ABSTRACT
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz283.].
ABSTRACT
Cystic echinococcosis and alveolar echinococcosis are chronic zoonotic infections, transmitted throughout the world. Development of the cestode larval stages in the liver and lungs causes damage to intermediate hosts, including humans. Several pathways leading to the suppression of host immune response and the survival of the cysts in various hosts are known. Immune response modulation and regulated cell death (RCD) play a fundamental role in cyst formation, development and pathogenesis. RCD, referring to apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy, can be triggered either via intrinsic or extrinsic cell stimuli. In this review, we provide a general overview of current knowledge on the process of RCD during echinococcosis. The study of interactions between RCD and Echinococcus spp. metacestodes may provide in-depth understanding of echinococcosis pathogenesis and open new horizons for human intervention and treatment of the disease.
TITLE: Les interactions entre kyste hydatique et mort cellulaire régulée peuvent ouvrir de nouvelles perspectives thérapeutiques. ABSTRACT: L'échinococcose kystique et l'échinococcose alvéolaire sont des infections zoonotiques chroniques, transmises dans le monde entier. Le développement des stades larvaires des cestodes dans le foie et les poumons provoque des lésions chez les hôtes intermédiaires, y compris les humains. Plusieurs voies menant à la suppression de la réponse immunitaire de l'hôte et à la survie des kystes chez divers hôtes sont connues. La modulation de la réponse immunitaire et la mort cellulaire régulée (MCR) jouent un rôle fondamental dans la formation, le développement et la pathogenèse du kyste. La MCR, faisant référence à l'apoptose, à la nécrose et à l'autophagie, peut être déclenchée par des stimuli intrinsèques ou extrinsèques. Dans cette revue, nous fournissons un aperçu général des connaissances actuelles sur le processus de la MCR au cours de l'échinococcose. L'étude des interactions entre les métacestodes d'Echinococcus spp. et la MCR pourrait permettre d'approfondir la compréhension de la pathogénie et d'ouvrir de nouveaux horizons pour l'intervention humaine et le traitement de l'échinococcose.
Subject(s)
Echinococcosis/drug therapy , Echinococcus/drug effects , Host-Parasite Interactions , Regulated Cell Death , Animals , Anthelmintics , Apoptosis , Autophagy , Echinococcosis/physiopathology , Echinococcus/pathogenicity , Humans , Inflammation , NecrosisABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Malaria transmission through blood transfusion is an accidental but preventable cause of malaria infection and is increasingly becoming a matter of concern for blood transfusion services. This systematic review was conducted to provide a summary of evidence about the prevalence of Plasmodium infection in asymptomatic blood donors and the effectiveness of screening methods used based on the available literature. METHODS: PRISMA guidelines were followed. Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, and EMBASE were searched from 1982 to October 10, 2017. All peer-reviewed original research articles describing the prevalence of malaria parasitemia in blood donors with different diagnostic methods were included. The random-effects model was applied to assess the effects of heterogeneity among the selected studies. Incoherence and heterogeneity between studies were quantified by I 2 index and Cochran's Q test. Publication and population bias was assessed with funnel plots and Egger's regression asymmetry test. All statistical analyses were performed using Stata (version 2.7.2). RESULTS: Seventy-one studies from 21 countries, 5 continents, were included in the present systematic review. The median prevalence of malaria parasitemia among 984 975 asymptomatic healthy blood donors was 10.54%, 5.36%, and 0.38% by microscopy, molecular methods (polymerase chain reaction), and rapid diagnostic tests, respectively. The most commonly detected Plasmodium species was P. falciparum. CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review demonstrates that compared with other transfusion-linked infections, that is, HIV, HCV, and HBV, transfusion-transmitted malaria is one of the most significant transfusion-associated infections especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. Future work must aim to understand the clinical significance of transfusion-transmitted malaria in malaria-endemic settings.
