ABSTRACT
With an escalating incidence of breast cancer cases all over the world and the deleterious psychological impact that mastectomy has on patients along with several limitations of the currently applied modalities, it's plausible to seek unconventional approaches to encounter such a burgeoning issue. Breast tissue engineering may allow that chance via providing more personalized solutions which are able to regenerate, mimicking natural tissues also facing the witnessed limitations. This review is dedicated to explore the utilization of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells for breast tissue regeneration among postmastectomy cases focusing on biomaterials and cellular aspects in terms of harvesting, isolation, differentiation and new tissue formation as well as scaffolds types, properties, material-host interaction and an in vitro breast tissue modeling.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms , Mesenchymal Stem Cells , Adipose Tissue , Breast Neoplasms/therapy , Cell Differentiation , Female , Humans , Mastectomy , Tissue Engineering , Tissue ScaffoldsABSTRACT
Bone repair and wound healing are modulated by different stimuli. There is evidence that Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-ß) super-family of cytokines have significant effects on bone structure by regulating the replication and differentiation of chondrocytes, osteoblasts and osteoclasts. There is also significant evidence that interactions with extracellular matrix molecules influence cell behaviour. In this study cell surface attachment was examined via a trypsinization assay using various TGF-ß isomers in which the time taken to trypsinize cells from the surface provided a means of assessing the strength of attachment. Three TGF-ß isomers (TGF-ß1, 2 and 3), four combined forms (TGF-ß(1+2), TGF-ß(1+3), TGF-ß(2+3) and TGF-ß(1+2+3)) along with four different controls (BSA, HCl, BSA/HCl and negative control) were investigated in this study. The results indicated that treatment with TGF-ß1, 2, 3 and HCl decreased cell attachment, however, this effect was significantly greater in the case of TGF-ß3 (p<0.001) indicating perhaps that TGF-ß3 does not act alone in cell detachment, but instead functions synergistically with signalling pathways that are dependent on the availability of hydrogen ions. Widefield Surface Plasmon Resonance (WSPR) microscope was also used to investigate cell surface interactions.
