Individual counseling in mothers bereaved by pregnancy loss: A randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: The loss of a pregnancy can result in grief, guilt, self-doubt, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Considering the side effects mentioned for mental health and the fact that the symptoms will linger if left untreated and even adversely affect the subsequent pregnancies. The current study was designed to assess the impact of individual counseling on stress, anxiety, and depression in mothers with pregnancy loss. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study commenced 100 women who experienced pregnancy loss (in Urmia/2018-2019); they were enrolled using convenience sampling and block randomization. The intervention group received four individual counseling sessions (weekly sessions with a duration of 1 h) based on Warden's principles. The control group received routine care. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-42) was filled out at baseline, the pre- and post-intervention. Analyses were performed using the Chi-square, paired, or individual t-tests, when necessary. P value < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: There were no significant differences regarding socio-demographic characteristics and clinical features between groups at baseline. Intra-group analysis showed that all outcome measures in the intervention group were significantly improved. According to inter-groups analysis, a significant association was found between pre-test and post-test in the intervention group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Results of this study can clarify the psychological effects of pregnancy loss in these mothers and help the officials and responsible parties to plan the treatment and rehabilitation of these women and include them in the healthcare system.

Examination of influence of social media education through mobile phones on the change in physical activity and sedentary behavior in pregnant women: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Nowadays because of some necessities and demands for virtual and remote education, a new model of health approach through mobile-phones is widely used to deal with improving physical activity and its beneficial effect on pregnancy. There are a small number of studies for showing this importance and the efficacy of such methods, so this study was aimed to determine the influence of social networking through mobile phones on changing the physical activity behavior in pregnant women. METHODS: This randomized controlled trial was conducted with parallel groups on 90 pregnant women referring to Urmia health centers in 2018-2019. The participants from various social and economic backgrounds were included. The participants were randomly assigned to a control and a treatment group. Demographic and Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ) questionnaires were filled. In addition to routine cares, the treatment group received educational intervention through social network within 16 training sessions related to physical activity and nutrition in 8 weeks. RESULTS: The mean weight in both control and treatment groups changed significantly during the study, but in different trends (P < 0.001, Mean Difference (MD) = 4.43). At the beginning of the study, control and treatment groups were not different in terms of daily physical activity level (P = 0.17, MD = 0.62), meanwhile, there was a statistically significant difference at the end of intervention in the level of daily physical activity (P < 0.001, MD = 0.69). Comparison of both groups, based on different categories of activity level at the end of the treatment, showed a non-significant difference in sedentary activities (P = 0.89, MD = 0.46), but the intervention led to a significant difference based on the other level of activities; light (P < 0.001, MD = 51.94), moderate (P < 0.001, MD = 46.87), and sever (P = 0.05, MD = 1.07). CONCLUSION: Educational intervention based on social networks through mobile phones had an effective role in behavior change in physical activity during pregnancy. TRIAL REGISTRATION: IRCT20151004024340N15, Registration date05/06/2020.

The effects of intravenous dextrose 5%, Ringer's solution, and oral intake on the duration of labor stages in nulliparous women: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial.

Background and objectives: Childbirth consists of a three-stage period beginning with uterine contractions and ending in the expulsion of the placenta. The present study was conducted to compare the effects of Ringer's solution, dextrose solution 5%, and oral intake on the duration of total labor and labor stages (primary outcome) and the frequency of oxytocin administration and prolonged labor (secondary outcome) in nulliparous women with spontaneous vaginal delivery.Materials and methods: The present randomized clinical trial was conducted on 201 nulliparous women in labor assigned with a randomized block design to three groups, each receiving either Ringer's solution plus oral fluids, dextrose solution 5% solution plus oral fluids or oral fluids alone. The solutions were intravenously administered at a rate of 125 ml/h in the groups receiving the solutions and the subjects in the oral fluids group could consume liquids of their choice (water, orange juice, and apple juice). The duration of total labor and labor stages (the active stage, the second, and third stages of labor) were recorded by the researcher in minutes. Furthermore, the frequency of oxytocin administration and prolonged labor were recorded by the researcher by using a checklist. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney's U-test, chi- square test and Fisher exact test.Results: The mean (±SD) duration of total labor was 301.2 (±50.0) minutes in the Ringer group, 171.9 (±36.4) in the dextrose 5% group, and 524.8 (±103.4) in the oral fluids group, suggesting a statistically significant intergroup difference (p < .001). The mean (±SD) duration of the active stage of labor was 276.7 (±91.3) minutes in the Ringer group, 150.6 (±78.5) in the dextrose 5% group, and 302.4 (±136.8) in the oral fluids group, suggesting a statistically significant intergroup difference (p < .001). A significant difference was also observed between the three groups in terms of the duration of the third stage of labor (p < .001); however, no significant differences were observed in terms of the duration of the second stage of labor (p = .058). Furthermore, a significant difference was observed between the three groups in terms of the need for oxytocin administration (p ≤ .001) and the frequency of prolonged labor (p = .001).Conclusion: The results suggest that the consumption of dextrose solution by nulliparous women reduces the duration of labor, the need for oxytocin administration and the frequency of prolonged labor compared to when Ringer's solution and oral fluids are used.

Correlation between Depression with Serum Levels of Vitamin D, Calcium and Magnesium in Women of Reproductive Age.

Introduction: Micronutrient deficiency is one of the common problems in women of reproductive age. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the correlation between the depression with serum levels of vitamin D, calcium and magnesium in women of reproductive age. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study .In this study 100 women 15-44 years old with inclusion criteria of the study were called through an invitation in Urmia Motahari hospital in Iran. Demographic and obstetric information as well as the short form Beck Depression Inventory were completed, and then ten ml of venus blood was obtained from the subjects after about 12 hours of fasting. The data were analyzed, by SPSS software. Results: The mean of the depression score was 5.24, and the mean (SD) of the serum levels of vitamin D, calcium, and magnesium were 15.53 (13.41) (ng/ml), 9.14 (0.24) (mg/dL), and 2.07 (0.13) (mg/dl), respectively. Women's depression scores showed a significant inverse correlation with the serum level of vitamin D (r= -0.21, P= 0.03). Conclusion: It is recommended that interventional programs should be carried out for women of reproductive age to improve their vitamin D status.

Systemic administration of curcumin nanoparticles protects ischemia-reperfusion injury in ovaries: An animal model study.

OBJECTIVE: Ovarian torsion must be diagnosed and treated as early as possible. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of intraperitoneal administration of nanocurcumin on ischemia-reperfusion injury in ovaries. METHOD: Thirty-five (35) healthy female Wistar rats weighing approximately 250 g were randomized into seven experimental groups (n=5): Group SSG - The rats underwent only laparotomy. Group I: A 3-hour ischemia only. Group I/R: A 3-hour ischemia and 3-hour reperfusion. Group I/C: A 3-hour ischemia only, and 1 mg/kg intraperitoneal administration of curcumin 2.5 hours after induction of ischemia. Group I/R/C: A 3-hour ischemia, 3-hour reperfusion, and 1 mg/kg intraperitoneal administration of curcumin 2.5 hours after induction of ischemia. Group I/NC: A 3-hour ischemia only and 1 mg/kg intraperitoneal administration of nanocurcumin 2.5 hours after induction of ischemia. Group I/R/C: A 3-hour ischemia, 3-hour reperfusion and 1 mg/kg intraperitoneal administration of nanocurcumin 2.5 hours after induction of ischemia. RESULTS: Nanocurcumin-treated animals showed significantly improved development of ischemia and reperfusion tissue injury compared to those in the other groups (p<0.05). Significant higher values of SOD, tGSH, GPO, GSHRd and GST were observed in I/R/NC animals compared to those in the other groups (p<0.05). The damage indicators (NOS, MDA, MPO and DNA damage level) were significantly lower in I/R/NC animal compared to those of other groups (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Intraperitoneal administration of nanocurcumin can be helpful in minimizing ischemia-reperfusion injury in ovarian tissue exposed to ischemia.

Systemic administration of curcumin nanoparticles protects ischemia-reperfusion injury in ovaries: An animal model study

Summary Objective: Ovarian torsion must be diagnosed and treated as early as possible. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of intraperitoneal administration of nanocurcumin on ischemia-reperfusion injury in ovaries. Method: Thirty-five (35) healthy female Wistar rats weighing approximately 250 g were randomized into seven experimental groups (n=5): Group SSG - The rats underwent only laparotomy. Group I: A 3-hour ischemia only. Group I/R: A 3-hour ischemia and 3-hour reperfusion. Group I/C: A 3-hour ischemia only, and 1 mg/kg intraperitoneal administration of curcumin 2.5 hours after induction of ischemia. Group I/R/C: A 3-hour ischemia, 3-hour reperfusion, and 1 mg/kg intraperitoneal administration of curcumin 2.5 hours after induction of ischemia. Group I/NC: A 3-hour ischemia only and 1 mg/kg intraperitoneal administration of nanocurcumin 2.5 hours after induction of ischemia. Group I/R/C: A 3-hour ischemia, 3-hour reperfusion and 1 mg/kg intraperitoneal administration of nanocurcumin 2.5 hours after induction of ischemia. Results: Nanocurcumin-treated animals showed significantly improved development of ischemia and reperfusion tissue injury compared to those in the other groups (p<0.05). Significant higher values of SOD, tGSH, GPO, GSHRd and GST were observed in I/R/NC animals compared to those in the other groups (p<0.05). The damage indicators (NOS, MDA, MPO and DNA damage level) were significantly lower in I/R/NC animal compared to those of other groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: Intraperitoneal administration of nanocurcumin can be helpful in minimizing ischemia-reperfusion injury in ovarian tissue exposed to ischemia.

Investigating the effects of the neonatal factors and therapeutic modalities on neonatal mortality in neonatal intensive care unit of Shahid Motahhari Hospital, Urmia.

BACKGROUND: A newborn is highly fragile whose death can be caused by embryonic, intrapartum, and postpartum factors. Identifying the causes of death is the first step to be taken in order to decrease the death rate. The present study was aimed at finding out how neonatal factors and therapeutic actions affect death of newborn babies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The is a case-control study where the case group included 250 dead neonates who were hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit during 2007-2009. The control group also included 250 newborn neonates who were hospitalized in the same unit and were discharged alive and healthy after they were treated appropriately. Researcher-designed questionnaires including demographic characteristics of mothers and infants, causes of hospitalization, treatment and its complications, and causes of death were used to collect the required data. Chi-square test, odds ratio (OR), and logistic regression were applied to analyze how the variables were related. P < 0.05 were considered significant. Statistical analyses were carried out using software SPSS 16.0. RESULTS: The results of advanced logistic regression model showed that first-minute Apgar less than 6 (OR = 4.02), existence of birth asphyxia (OR = 6.16), hyaline membrane disease (OR = 4.08), and sepsis (OR = 6.42) increased the death rate of neonates hospitalized in the intensive care unit, and applying nasal continuous positive airway pressure and multiparity decreased the death rate of newborn babies. There was no significant correlation between variables such as low birth weight, consanguinity, blood group, pr eterm labor history, and baby's gender, and the death rate of neonates. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study show that factors such as low Apgar score, asphyxia, hyaline membrane disease, sepsis, prematurity and congenital anomalies, and method of delivery have a positive effect on the death of neonates. They also prove that suitable management and carrying out appropriate therapeutic actions and intensive care decrease the death rate of newborn babies.