ABSTRACT
Abstract The developmental investigation of sound transmitting apparatus is important in understanding the ontogenetic processes behind morphological diversity. The development of sound conducting apparatus was studied in Montpellier snake; Malpolon monspessulanus at 6.5, 7.2, 8.3 and 9.3 cm total body lengths using light microscopy study. The columella auris firstly appeared as undifferentiated rod shape mesenchymal cells. As the growth proceeded, it chondrified and differentiates into two main parts. In addition, the viscerocranium components which participate in formation of sound transmitting apparatus undergo critical organization. In more advanced stages, procartilagenous stylohyal chondrified and fuse with the well organized quadrate. These data considered as a base for functional and molecular mechanisms of sound transmitting apparatus studies and identification of diseases that may infect them.
Resumo A investigação do desenvolvimento de equipamentos de transmissão de som é importante na compreensão dos processos ontogenéticos atrás diversidade morfológica. O desenvolvimento de aparelhos de som realização foi estudada em Montpellier cobra; Monspessulanus Malpolon em 6.5, 7.2, 8.3 e 9.3 cm corporal total utilizando comprimentos de estudo de microscopia de luz. O auris columelar em primeiro lugar apareceu como células mesenquimais forma haste indiferenciada. Como o crescimento passou, ele chondrified e diferencia em duas partes principais. Além disso, os componentes viscerocrânio que participam na formação do aparelho de transmissão de som submeter a organização crítico. Em estágios mais avançados, stylohyal procartilagenous chondrified e se fundem com o quadrado bem organizado. Estes dados considerados como uma base para os mecanismos funcionais e estudos moleculares do aparelho de transmissão de som e identificação de doenças que podem infectar-los.
Subject(s)
Animals , Snakes/embryology , Ear/embryology , Hearing/physiologyABSTRACT
The developmental investigation of sound transmitting apparatus is important in understanding the ontogenetic processes behind morphological diversity. The development of sound conducting apparatus was studied in Montpellier snake; Malpolon monspessulanus at 6.5, 7.2, 8.3 and 9.3 cm total body lengths using light microscopy study. The columella auris firstly appeared as undifferentiated rod shape mesenchymal cells. As the growth proceeded, it chondrified and differentiates into two main parts. In addition, the viscerocranium components which participate in formation of sound transmitting apparatus undergo critical organization. In more advanced stages, procartilagenous stylohyal chondrified and fuse with the well organized quadrate. These data considered as a base for functional and molecular mechanisms of sound transmitting apparatus studies and identification of diseases that may infect them.
Subject(s)
Ear/embryology , Snakes/embryology , Animals , Hearing/physiologyABSTRACT
A recombinant Schistosoma mansoni protein has been identified as a useful antigen for the detection of S. mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium antibodies. The purified recombinant protein, Sm22.3, was assayed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay format against a battery of 491 well defined sera, including S. mansoni, S. haematobium, and Schistosoma japonicum infection sera, normal human sera, sera from 9 other parasitic infections, and sera from 2 additional infections. The sensitivity for detecting S. mansoni and S. haematobium infections with this single recombinant protein is 80.1%. The specificity is 94.8%. However, 15 of the 16 cross-reactive sera are malaria infection sera, and we have data suggesting that these malaria sera are actually recognizing an epitope on the vector-derived 6Xhistidine tag of recombinant Sm22.3. If this is the case, then, the actual specificity of the assay is 99.6%.
