ABSTRACT
Prosogonotrema iraqiense n. sp. (Sclerodistomidae: Prosogonotrematinae) is described in the flathead grey mullet, Mugil cephalus Linnaeus (Mugiliformes: Mugilidae), collected from the Arabian Gulf off Iraq during June and October 2019. Currently there are 11 species of ProsogonotremaVigueras, 1940 commonly accepted: Prosogonotrema arabicaYadav, 1980; Prosogonotrema bilabiatumVigueras, 1940 (type species); Prosogonotrema caesionisGu and Shen, 1979; Prosogonotrema diacanthiBilqees and Durrani, 1980; Prosogonotrema karachienseBilqees and Durrani, 1980; Prosogonotrema pavasiLokhande, 1990; Prosogonotrema piscicola (Srivastava, 1949) Gibson, 2002 (Syn. Bhaleraoia piscicolaSrivastava, 1949); Prosogonotrema plataxumGu and Shen, 1979; Prosogonotrema posterouterinaYadav, 1980; and Prosogonotrema symmetricumOshmarin, 1965 originally described from marine fishes, and Prosogonotrema nickoliBilqees and Khan, 1992 described from a freshwater cyprinid. Six additional species that have been considered synonyms of P. bilabiatum are also considered. Prosogonotrema diacanthi is considered a junior synonym of P. piscicola and Prosogonotrema carangiHussain and Rao, 1980nec Velasquez, 1961 is determined to be a species distinct from P. bilabiatum and is reassigned herein as Prosogonotrema aluteri nomen novum per the ICZN. Prosogonotrema iraqiense differs from all currently recognized species in the genus by having the width of the ventral sucker approach or exceed the width of the body and from all except P. pavasi (body length/width ratio 1:1.4-1:1.5) by having a distinctive narrower, more elongate body profile with a larger body length/width ratio (1:5.8-1:6.1 vs. 1: 2.0-1:4.1). A key to the 18 species we recognize in Prosogonotrema is included.
Subject(s)
Smegmamorpha , Trematoda , Animals , IraqABSTRACT
The phylum Acanthocephala is a small group of endoparasites occurring in the alimentary canal of all major lineages of vertebrates worldwide. In the present study, the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of Cavisoma magnum (Southwell, 1927) (Palaeacanthocephala: Echinorhynchida) was determined and annotated, the representative of the family Cavisomidae with the characterization of the complete mt genome firstly decoded. The mt genome of this acanthocephalan is 13,594 bp in length, containing 36 genes plus two non-coding regions. The positions of trnV and SNCR (short non-coding region) in the mt genome of C. magnum are different comparing to those of the other acanthocephalan species available in GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis based on amino acid sequences of 12 protein-coding genes using Bayesian inference (BI) supported the class Palaeacanthocephala and its included order Polymorphida to be monophyletic, but rejected monophyly of the order Echinorhynchida. Our phylogenetic results also challenged the validity of the genus Sphaerirostris (Polymorphida: Centrorhynchidae). The novel mt genomic data of C. magnum are very useful for understanding the evolutionary history of this group of parasites and establishing a natural classification of Acanthocephala.
