Cross-sectional study on knowledge, attitude and prevalence of domestic violence among women in Kaduna, north-western Nigeria.

BACKGROUND: Domestic violence is a global issue of public health concern with detrimental effects on women's physical, mental and social well-being. There is a paucity of community-based studies assessing the knowledge and attitude of women towards domestic violence in Nigeria. OBJECTIVE: To assess knowledge, attitudes, prevalence and associated factors of domestic violence among women in a community in Kaduna, Nigeria. DESIGN: A descriptive cross-sectional study. SETTING: A selected community in Kaduna South Local Government Area in Kaduna State. PARTICIPANTS: In total, 170 women aged 15-49 years participated in the study. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: The outcomes were knowledge, attitude and prevalence of domestic violence. RESULTS: The mean age of the respondents was 28.7+7.9 years. A total of 113 (66.5%) respondents had high level of knowledge about domestic violence with 114 (67.1%) having non-tolerant attitudes towards domestic violence. The lifetime prevalence and 12-month prevalence of domestic violence were 47.1% and 35.3%, respectively. The results of logistic regression identified the educational status of women as a significant predictor of knowledge of domestic violence (adjusted OR (aOR)=0.32; 95% CI 0.15 to 0.68), while marital status (aOR=0.21; 95% CI 0.05 to 0.96), occupation of women (aOR=2.49; 95% CI 1.13 to 5.49), their tolerance of wife beating (aOR=0.33; 95% CI 0.15 to 0.72) and their partners' consumption habit of alcohol/substance use (aOR=7.91; 95% CI 3.09 to 20.27) were identified as significant predictors of the women's experience of domestic violence. CONCLUSION: Domestic violence was relatively high among women. Though a majority had high level of knowledge about domestic violence, a significant third had tolerant attitudes towards it. Appropriate health interventions need to be implemented by governmental and relevant stakeholders to target negative attitudes and address associated factors of domestic violence against women.

Biomass fuel use and birth weight among term births in Nigeria.

Despite the high burden of household air pollution from biomass fuel in sub-Saharan Africa, the association of prenatal biomass fuel exposure and birth weight as a continuous variable among term births has not been extensively studied. In this study, our primary aim is to estimate the association between biomass cooking fuel and birth weight among term births in Kaduna, northwestern Nigeria. For replication, we also evaluated this association in a larger and nationally representative sample from the 2018 Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey (DHS). Our primary analysis included 1,514 mother-child pairs recruited from Kaduna, in northwestern Nigeria, using the Child Electronic Growth Monitoring System (CEGROMS). Replication analysis was conducted using data from 6,975 mother-child pairs enrolled in 2018 Nigerian DHS. The outcome variable was birth weight, and the exposure was cooking fuel type, categorized in CEGROMS as liquefied petroleum gas, kerosene, or biomass fuel, and in the DHS as low pollution fuel, kerosene, or biomass fuel. We estimated covariate adjusted associations between birth weight and biomass fuel exposure in CEGROMS using linear regression and using linear mixed model in the DHS. In CEGROMS, adjusting for maternal age, education, parity, BMI at birth, and child sex, mothers exposed to biomass fuel gave birth to infants who were on average 113g lighter (95% CI -196 to -29), than those using liquified petroleum gas. In the 2018 Nigeria DHS data, compared to low pollution fuel users, mothers using biomass had infants weighing 50g (95% CI -103 to 2) lower at birth. Exposure to biomass cooking fuel was associated with lower birth weight in our study of term newborns in Kaduna, Nigeria. Data from the nationally representative DHS provide some support for these findings.

Menstrual characteristics of sickle cell disease patients seen at a tertiary institution in North Western Nigeria.

Introduction: The burden of sickle cell disease (SCD) is high in Sub-Saharan Africa, including Nigeria, and with improved care and survival, reproductive health issues, including menstruation, have become increasingly important and may impact on long-term health and social wellbeing. Objectives: This study was carried out to characterize the menstrual characteristics of SCD patients. Methodology: Using a cross-sectional study design, a semi-structured questionnaire was administered and information collected on bio-demographic data, medical history of SCD, reproductive, and menstrual history. Results: One hundred and sixty female patients participated in the study. The mean age was 24.9 years (standard deviation [SD] ± 8.8). The mean age at menarche was 15.6 years (SD ± 2.7) for those menstruating. Most respondents had regular menstrual cycles 120 (82%); normal menstrual cycle lengths 120 (81%) significantly associated with respondent's age (P < 0.05); normal duration of flow 140 (97%); light menstrual flow 104 (71%) significantly associated with body mass index BMI (P < 0.05). Overall, however, 114 (78%) had abnormal menses and 32 (22%) had normal menses. Eighty-one respondents (56%) experienced menstrual pain, which was severe in only 28 cases (35%). The presence of menstrual pain did not significantly affect the annual frequency of crisis (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The mean age at menarche was high at 15.6 years. Most respondents had light menstrual flow and overall abnormal menstrual patterns. Menstrual pain was common but was not significantly associated with the frequency of crisis.

RésuméIntroduction: Le taux d'infection de la drépanocytose est élevé en Afrique Sub-Saharien, inclus le Nigéria. Avec les avancements en soin et survie, les problèmes de santé de reproductions, ci inclus le cycle menstruel, sont devenus très préoccupants et peuvent avoir un impact à longue terme sur la santé et le bien-être du patient. Objectifs: Cette étude a pour but de décrire les caractéristiques du cycle menstruel des drépanocytaires. Méthodologie: Utilisant la conception de l'étude transversale, un questionnaire semi-structuré a été administré pour collectionner les informations sur les données biodémographiques, les antécédents médicaux de la drépanocytose ainsi que l'histoire de reproduction et de menstruation des drépanocytaires. Résultats: Cent soixante (160) drépanocytaires de sexe féminin ont pris part à l'étude comme échantillons. La moyenne d'âge était de 24,9 ans (Écart-Type de ±8,8). La moyenne d'âge à ménarche était de 15,6 ans (Écart-Type de ±2,7) pour celles qui sont en cycle menstruel. La plupart des participantes avaient un cycle menstruel régulier (120 sur 160) donc un taux de 82% ; 120 avaient un cycle menstruel de durée normale (81%) qui correspondait significativement très bien à l'âge des participantes (P- Probabilité <0,05) ; 140 avaient une durée d'écoulement normal donc (97%) ; 104 avaient un écoulement léger c'est- à-dire 71% qui correspondait significativement à l'indice de masse corporelle (P<0,05). En totalité, 114 dont 78% ont eu des cycles menstruels anormaux et 32 (22%) ont eu des cycles menstruels douloureux avec 28 cas sévères donc 35%. La présence du cycle menstruel douloureux n'a pas eu d'effet significatif sur la fréquence de crises annuelles (P>0,05). Conclusion: La moyenne d'âge à ménarche était élevée à 15,6 ans. La plupart des participantes ont eu des écoulements légers et globalement, des cycles anormaux. Les cycles douloureux étaient fréquents, mais n'étaient significativement pas liés à la fréquence de crise. Mots-clés: Caractéristiques menstruelles, Menstruation (règles), Nord-Ouest du Nigéria, Drépanocytose.

Use and pattern of previous care received by infertile Nigerian women.

BACKGROUND: Prevalence of infertility in sub-Saharan Africa is high yet fertility care, its development and access is limited in resource-poor countries like Nigeria so infertile women resort to different forms of treatment. This study aimed to determine the use and pattern of previous treatments. METHODOLOGY: This was a descriptive Cross Sectional study conducted at a tertiary hospital in North-Western Nigeria. Interviewer administered pretested questionnaires were administered to 236 consenting clients seen at their first visit to the gynaecology clinic with complaints of inability to conceive, between January 2016 to March 2018. We collected information on demographic and reproductive characteristics, previous fertility treatment and other data relevant to infertility. Descriptive analysis was done using SPSS software version 22. RESULTS: Two hundred and thirty six clients participated in the study and majority were 20-29 years (44.5%), with a mean age of 31.5 ± 7.4, while the mean age of their husbands was 41 ± 8.0. More clients were educated up to secondary level or above (80.9%), with more Muslims (65%) than Christians. All clients were married except one, most clients had been married for 5 years or more, 18.2% were in their second order of marriage and 28% were in polygamous marriages. Many of the clients were homemakers (46.6%) and earned an average monthly income of less than fifty thousand naira. About 59.3% of clients presented with primary infertility, with 15.7% being infertile for duration of more than 10 years. One hundred and forty six respondents (61.9%) had received previous hospital treatments before presentation to our facility, 37% had visited more than three hospitals, 70% did not have adequate investigations done, treatment was successful in 15% while 40.7% received traditional treatments. Husbands of women receiving previous treatment were slightly older (p value < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Majority of woman have multiple and unnecessary visits to several hospitals for infertility care with little positive results despite time and resources spent. Quality of infertility care needs to be improved.