Two Cases of Congenital Hypothyroidism Revealing Thyroid Agenesis.

Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) may have major detrimental effects on growth and neurological development, but early intervention leads to excellent outcomes. CH is classified as transient or permanent, primary or secondary, with primary CH being the most common neonatal endocrine disorder. Most patients with CH do not present any typical signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism shortly after birth, partly due to transplacental maternal thyroid hormone transfer and residual neonatal thyroid function. This paper reports on two CH cases. During the initial Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) admission phase, CH was not suspected due to nonspecific signs. The distinct characteristics of our cases are as follows: both infants were admitted to the NICU for respiratory distress syndrome, requiring invasive mechanical ventilation, and both were born to diabetic mothers. Following extubation, they both showed similar neurological issues, including reduced muscle tone and feeding difficulties. Initially, those symptoms were attributed to delayed clearance of analgesic and sedative medication. However, symptoms progressively worsened over time. Subsequent tests revealed both meeting CH diagnostic criteria: an unusual ultrasound indicating thyroid agenesis and abnormal hormone levels. Guided by the pediatric endocrinology team, prompt hormonal treatment was started with improvements in neurocognitive function and feeding. Usually, CH screening involves blood samples from healthy newborns at 2-3 days of life. Abnormal results require confirmation, prompting treatment within two weeks. Certain NICU-admitted infants face higher diagnosis delays, as seen in those two cases where CH screening was postponed. Thus, for all neonates with persistent pathologies unresponsive to standard etiological treatment, conducting a comprehensive anamnestic evaluation of the medical history, along with maternal preconceptional and prenatal nutrition, is recommended.

Respiratory pathology in late preterm infants conceived by in vitro fertilization.

This study aimed to identify the incidence of in vitro fertilization (IVF) in late preterm infants and the presence of respiratory pathology in this premature category compared with those conceived naturally. This retrospective study was performed over 6 months, including newborns with a gestational age between 34-36 weeks and 6 days in the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Neonatology, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute of Mother and Child Health. The following variables were assessed: infants' gestational age, delivery mode, respiratory morbidity, and the need for respiratory support. During the mentioned period, 112 late preterm infants were born, out of whom 9.8% represented late preterm infants conceived by in vitro fertilization. The delivery mode of late preterm infants conceived by in vitro fertilization was exclusively by C-section (100%) compared to those conceived spontaneously (44.5%). 18.1% of IVF late preterm infants developed transient tachypnea of the newborn. In the non-IVF group, respiratory distress syndrome was present in 5.9% and transient tachypnea in 33.6% of cases. No IVF late preterm infant required hospitalization in neonatal intensive care for more than 3 days, compared to 19.8% of naturally conceived late preterm infants. Respiratory distress syndrome very seldom occurs in late preterm IVF infants due to prenatal prophylactic treatment with corticosteroids. Respiratory pathology is rarely present due to very careful monitoring during pregnancy, the presence of a neonatal team in the delivery room for possible resuscitation, and providing proper care according to the good state of health during the short, one-week hospitalization.

The Mirage of Long Term Vital Benefice - Risk for the Beginning of Life?

INTRODUCTION: Cord blood is the "life" of the fetus until birth. After delivery, the newborn is "single" and forced to adapt to live using the latest resources provided by the mother. Those who believe that a newborn is just a miniature independent adult are just trusting one of the illusions of secular medicine. Cord blood contains precious cells, stem, red and white blood cells. T cells as a part of white blood cells prevent infections and other illnesses. Cochrane Database 2013 published a study reporting the role of delayed umbilical cord clamping for the benefit of infants. Harvesting of stem cells increases early clamping. So, is prevention better than treatment, speaking about possible pathologies that can occur throughout life? MATERIAL AND METHODS: prospective study of newborns in "Alessandrescu-Rusescu" National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Bucharest, Romania, was monitored by their adaptation to extrauterine life, depending on time and technique of clamping. The impact of harvesting stem cells after birth was explored. RESULTS: Of all babies, 8.23% were premature. Maternal pathology (arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, infections, thrombophilia) was present in 31.76% of cases. Of the 85 newborns with harvested stem cells, 47% needed assistance in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Birth asphyxia (SA.7) was present in 10.58% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: Two protocols with strong recommendations about umbilical cord clamping and harvesting stem cells, respectively, are necessary.

Congenital Diabetes Mellitus.

Introduction: Neonatal diabetes is a rare and surprising diagnosis, with many complications and difficult management by the medical team. Objectives: Management of the diabetes mellitus new-born in our maternity. Matherial and methods:Analysis of one of the rare cases of diagnosed neonatal diabetes. Conclusions:Given the rarity of such cases, this event can guide the medical care team consisting of obstetricians, neonatologist and diabetes doctor to effective collaboration by protocol management of new-born with diabetes mellitus suspicion.