ABSTRACT
This paper presents the results of the development and testing of a secondary ion accelerator for the diagnostic complex of neutral particle analyzers at ITER. The accelerator is part of an analyzer designed to measure fluxes of neutral deuterium and tritium particles escaping from reactor plasma in a total range of 10-200 keV. The aim of the accelerator is to improve the signal/background ratio of the analyzer. It is especially important for the region with a relatively low energy of 10-50 keV. The accelerator has the function of converting atoms into secondary ions and accelerating them in an electrostatic field with a voltage of up to +100 kV. The accelerator is based on two high-voltage accelerating tubes. A special unit is built into the central electrode of the accelerator, which provides the replacement of stripping foils used for the conversion of the flux of neutral particles into a flux of secondary ions. The high-voltage tube assembly is encompassed by a sealed steel housing, in which electrical insulation is provided by a gas gap (nitrogen at 6 bar). The results of tests of the accelerator under ITER relevant conditions, namely, under high-intensity gamma irradiation and seismic loads, have shown its high reliability for use in the diagnostic complex of the fusion reactor.
ABSTRACT
A mobile telemedicine unit (MTU) was constructed for emergency and screening purposes in north-west Russia. The MTU included facilities for endoscopy, electrocardiography and digital photography. Data transmission was by ordinary telephone line. Between July and December 1999, the MTU was used in 48 incidents, involving 44 patients. The MTU was used to conduct 22 teleradiology examinations and 20 electrocardiograms were transmitted; in 10 cases still images of patients were transmitted and three consultations included tele-electroencephalography. Despite poor-quality analogue telephone lines, the MTU may prove useful in north-west Russia. Following the pilot study, the local Russian health administration stated that the MTU should always be included on emergency trips to the districts.
Subject(s)
Emergency Medical Services/methods , Mass Screening/methods , Mobile Health Units , Telemedicine/methods , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Child, Preschool , Electrocardiography/methods , Electroencephalography/methods , Emergency Medical Services/statistics & numerical data , Female , Humans , Male , Mass Screening/statistics & numerical data , Medically Underserved Area , Middle Aged , Mobile Health Units/statistics & numerical data , Pilot Projects , Russia , Telecommunications , Telemedicine/statistics & numerical data , Telemetry/methods , Telemetry/statistics & numerical data , Teleradiology/methods , Teleradiology/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
A comparison of effects of surgical treatment of two groups of patients with obstruction of bile ducts of benign genesis was made. In the 1st group (91 patients) the intravenous laser irradiation of blood was used. In the 2nd group (93 patients) the laser irradiation was not performed. The authors consider that the intravenous laser irradiation of blood in the surgical treatment of patients with obstruction of bile ducts of non-tumor etiology contributes to reduction of the amount of complications and less lethality rate.