Intentions to Call a Helpline Among Targets of Intimate Partner Violence: The Role of the Theory of Planned Behavior and Gender Role Conflict.

This research first aimed to test the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as a model to understand the intentions to call a helpline of victimized males and females. A sample of 99 participants (53 males; 46 females) who were suffering violence at the time of participation were considered for analysis. Our results indicate that males and females' attitudes and subjective norms significantly predicted intentions. Second, this study aimed to measure Gender Role Conflict (GRC) in victimized men and test its association with TPB constructs. GRC occurs when rigid, sexist, or restrictive gender roles result in the restriction, devaluation, or violation of others or the self. Our results indicate that GRC was only negatively associated with perceived behavioral control. Additionally, in our sample of men who filled the GRC measure (n = 245), victimized men reported significantly higher GRC than non-victimized men. Overall, our findings indicate gender specificities in the intentions to call a helpline and suggest that GRC plays an important role in seeking help for men.

Cyberbullying during COVID-19 lockdowns: prevalence, predictors, and outcomes for youth.

The COVID-19 pandemic posed additional challenges to the safety and well-being of young people who were forced to engage in online learning, spending more time than ever online, and cyberbullying emerged as a notable concern for parents, educators, and students. Two studies conducted online examined the prevalence, predictors, and outcomes of cyberbullying episodes during the lockdowns due to the outbreak of COVID-19 in Portugal. Study 1 (N = 485) examined the prevalence of cyberbullying among youth during the first lockdown period in 2020, focusing on predictors, symptoms of psychological distress and possible buffers of the effects of cyberbullying. Study 2 (N = 952) examined the prevalence of cyberbullying, predictors, and symptoms of psychological distress during the second lockdown period in 2021. Results revealed that most participants experienced cyberbullying, symptoms of psychological distress (e.g., sadness and loneliness) during the lockdowns were higher for those who experienced than for those who did not experience cyberbullying, and those who experienced cyberbullying with higher levels of parental and social support showed lower levels of symptoms of psychological distress (i.e., suicidal ideation). These findings contribute to the existing knowledge on online bullying among youth, specifically during COVID-19 lockdowns. Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-023-04394-7.

Imagined and extended contact experiences and adolescent bystanders' behavioral intentions in homophobic bullying episodes.

Bystanders' helping interventions in bias-based bullying are rare, although they have the potential to intervene on behalf of the victim and quickly stop the aggression. Two studies tested, experimentally, the impact of adolescents' imagined (Study 1, N = 113, Mage = 16.17) and extended contact experiences (Study 2, N = 174, Mage = 15.79) on assertive bystanders' behavioral intentions in the context of homophobic bullying, an under-researched but highly detrimental behavior that emerges mainly during early adolescence. Potential mediators (empathic concern, social contagion concerns, and masculinity/femininity threat) were also examined. Results showed that female younger participants revealed more behavioral intentions to help victims of homophobic bullying when asked to imagine an interaction with an outgroup member (Study 1). Younger participants revealed less masculinity/femininity threat in the positive extended contact condition, and female participants revealed less empathic concern in the negative extended contact condition (Study 2). Overall, these findings identify specific conditions (e.g., younger females) where indirect contact interventions (i.e., extended and imagined) are likely to have a stronger impact. Age and sex differences were found to illustrate how adolescents vary in their behavioral intentions, empathic concern, and threat; and also highlight the need to further examine age and sex differences regarding responses to homophobic bullying episodes.

Men Who Suffered Intimate Partner Violence: Impressions About Existing Public Campaigns and Recommendations for New Ones.

Over the last decades, the negative effects of intimate partner violence (IPV) directed at men in abusive different-sex and same-sex relationships have been increasingly investigated. Men who are the targets of IPV face many barriers to help-seeking, and to overcome them, public awareness campaigns have been developed. Women who experienced IPV have found campaigns targeting them to be harmful and misleading, and previous research suggests that following the principles of formative evaluation research may improve campaigns' effectiveness and reduce unwanted negative effects. This article documents the theory-based formative evaluation research conducted with 14 men abused in different-sex and same-sex relationships for the creation of targeted campaigns. Through semi-structured interviews, men were asked about their overall knowledge of campaigns, their thoughts about specific pictorial IPV campaigns, and their suggestions for the development of new campaigns. Thematic analysis and a theoretically grounded coding scheme were used to analyze the content of the interviews with high interrater reliability. Overall, our results indicate that most men were not aware of campaigns in Portugal, and their impressions about the ones they recalled were mixed. Most men praised clear messages informing forms of violence, while some responded negatively to the inclusion of words such as "shame" and "victim" and the depiction of bruises. They also considered that future campaigns targeting men should portray "real people" like them and provide information on self-efficacy, the efficacy of recommended responses, and threat susceptibility. Our findings are consistent with previous evidence with women who experienced IPV but also provide theoretically grounded novel contributions and highlight the importance of considering the population of interest's insights when developing and testing new campaigns.

Corrigendum: Pictorial Campaigns on Intimate Partner Violence Focusing on Victimized Men: A Systematic Content Analysis.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01450.].

Pictorial Campaigns on Intimate Partner Violence Focusing on Victimized Men: A Systematic Content Analysis.

Men who are victimized in their intimate different-sex (DS) and same-sex (SS) relationships often report not having information to help them escape their abusive situations. To overcome this lack of information, public awareness campaigns have been created. But thus far, there is no clear understanding of how these campaigns reflect theoretical principles central to improve message effectiveness and avoid undesired negative effects. This study aims to review the content of intimate partner violence (IPV) pictorial campaigns focusing on victimized men in DS and SS relationships. Specifically, it aims to understand the campaigns' global characteristics and if their content represents constructs from different theoretical models. Online search engines were used to extract pictorial campaigns in English, Spanish, and Portuguese, released up until 2019. They must have had to be promoted by a formal organization, and were coded according to a theoretically grounded taxonomy, using thematic analysis. Our results indicate that out of the 57 campaigns collected, most were aimed at men without specifying the relationship they were in (i.e., DS or SS) (n = 22, 39%) and intended to change attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors about IPV (in line with the Theory of Planned Behavior) (n = 47, 82%). Additionally, four campaigns adequately integrated fear appeal constructs of the Extended Parallel Processing Model (n = 4, 7%), while 41 campaigns highlighted dissonant states in line with the Elaboration Likelihood Model (n = 41, 72%). Following the Transtheoretical Model, most campaigns targeted victims in the Maintenance stage (n = 52, 92%). The campaigns under analysis may prove useful for some victimized men, mostly presenting messages designed to elicit a beneficial attitude and behavior change. Our analysis highlights different limitations as well, such as the lack of information on susceptibility to IPV (n = 13, 23%) and the effectiveness of the recommended responses that the campaigns provide (n = 20, 38%), which may interfere with adequate fear appeal processing. Additionally, presenting more diverse victims may be beneficial, along with social norms change information regarding gender roles, violence, and help-seeking. This may guide the development of improved and tailored campaigns to better facilitate help-seeking in victimized men that mostly avoid undesired negative effects on the viewer.

Transtornos mentais comuns em mulheres de cidades rurais: prevalência e variáveis correlatas / Common mental disorders in females from rural towns: prevalence and co-related variables

Analisar a prevalência dos Transtornos Mentais Comuns (TMC) em mulheres residentes em cidades rurais do Estado da Paraíba/Brasil e a associação dos TMC com os aspectos socioeconômicos, vivência de violência doméstica e cuidados em saúde mental. Participaram 608 mulheres entre 18 e 83 anos de idade (43 ± 14,640). Utilizou-se um questionário sociodemográfico e o Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20. Os dados foram analisados através de análises estatísticas descritivas e bivariadas. A prevalência de TMC foi de 31,6%, com maior índice em mulheres acima dos 50 anos, separadas/divorciadas, com baixa escolaridade e renda. As variáveis preditoras para o TMC foram: ser vítima de violência doméstica, vivência de situação estressora; e a inter-relação entre variáveis como ter mais de 50 anos, ter antecedentes familiares com sofrimento psíquico e renda entre um e dois salários mínimos. Elementos socioculturais significativos no que tange à saúde mental ligados às relações de gênero predizem o aparecimento de TMC nesta população

Current analysis deals with the prevalence of Common Mental Disorders (CMD) in females living in rural towns in the state of Paraíba, Brazil, and the association of CMDs with socio-economic factors, experience in domestic violence and mental health care. Six hundred and eight females, aged between 18 and 83 years (43 ± 14.640) participated. The sociodemographic questionnaire and the Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20 were used. Data were assessed by descriptive and bivariate statistical analysis. CMD prevalence reached 31.6%, with highest rates in females over 50 years old, divorced, low schooling and low income. Predictor variables for CMDs were: victim of domestic violence, experience of stressing conditions, and inter-relation between variables comprised people over 50 years old, family antecedents of psychic sufferings and income between one or two minimum wages. Significant sociocultural factors with regard to mental health linked to gender predict CMD in the population

"The Worst Part Was Coming Back Home and Feeling Like Crying": Experiences of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Trans Students in Portuguese Schools.

Portugal is one of the most egalitarian countries in Europe in terms of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex (LGBTI) individuals' legal rights. However, regarding education Portugal still lacks specific policies, plans and interventions to protect LGBTI students. To assess the perceptions of self-identified LGBTI youth regarding their school context, a total of 663 participants (aged from 15 to 20 years old) filled in an on-line questionnaire about their school climate. One hundred and forty-six of them answered an open-ended question about their personal experiences. A thematic analysis of these answers was conducted, and four main categories were identified: (i) victimization, (ii) coming out experiences, (iii) support networks, and (iv) demands. Most participants reported experiences of discrimination, and several sources of prejudice were identified. Furthermore, participants also recognized a lack of LGBTI information in school curriculum and made several demands. Besides inclusive laws, we suggest that the safety and the well-being of LGBTI youths in Portuguese schools depend upon others measures, such as teacher and school staff training, curricula inclusive of LGBTI diversity, and local strategies, such as Gay-Straight Alliances.

Culture and Psychopathology: New Perspectives on Research, Practice, and Clinical Training in a Globalized World.

The present paper discusses the role of culture in understanding and treating psychopathology. It describes new perspectives on the conceptualization of psychopathology and on the definition of culture, and how these are intertwined. The impacts of culture, explicit and implicit discrimination, and minority stress on mental health are reviewed, especially in the current era. Culturally-sensitive assessment practices in psychopathology are emphasized, including addressing the multiple cultural identities of the patient, the explanatory models of the experienced distress, specific psychosocial stressors and strengths, and the cultural features of the practitioner-patient relationship in the clinical encounter. The particular case of psychotherapy in working with culturally diverse patients is explored. Finally, mainstreaming of culture in research and clinical training in psychopathology is highlighted, acknowledging that each clinical interaction is a cultural one.

White Matter Changes and Cognitive Decline in a Ten-Year Follow-Up Period: A Pilot Study on a Single-Center Cohort from the Leukoaraiosis and Disability Study.

AIMS: To describe the contribution of white matter lesions to the long-term neuropsychological profiles of different groups of clinical diagnoses, and to identify neuropsychological predictors of cognitive impairment in a 10-year follow-up. METHODS: The Lisbon subcohort of the Leukoaraiosis and Disability (LADIS) study was re-evaluated performing a clinical, functional and cognitive evaluation [including Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale - Cognition (ADAS-Cog) and ADAS-Cog with the extension for vascular impairment (VADAS-Cog), the 9-word version of the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT-9), the Trail-Making test and the Stroop test] as well as an MRI scan. Using clinical diagnostic criteria, participants were identified as having no cognitive impairment (NI), cognitive impairment but no dementia (CIND) or dementia (DEM), and the effect of time on clinical diagnosis and neuropsychological profiles was analyzed. RESULTS: From the initial group of 66 participants, 37 out of 41 survivors (90%) were re-evaluated (mean age 81.40 years, 57% women). Fifteen patients (41%) had DEM, 12 (32%) CIND and 10 (27%) NI. Over time, the three groups presented distinct profiles in the MMSE [F2, 62 = 15.85, p = 0.000], ADAS [F2, 62 = 15.85, p = 0.000] and VADAS [F2, 48 = 5.87, p = 0.008]. Logistic regression analysis identified higher scores on MMSE (ß = 1.14, p = 0.03, OR = 3.13, 95% CI 1.09-8.97) as predictors of NI after 10 years of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Higher scores on baseline MMSE were the only neuropsychological predictors of NI after 10 years.

Processos de Resiliência em Migrantes: narrativas Biográficas de Brasileiros em Portugal / Resilience Processes in Migrants: biographical Narratives of Brazilians in Portugal

Os estudos sobre as migrações têm focado as dificuldades, as barreiras e obstáculos na chegada e permanência no país de acolhimento. Reconhecendo a existência destes processos adversos, poucos estudos se têm dedicado ao modo como os migrantes superam as dificuldades com as quais se vão deparando. Mais ainda, poucos estudos dedicam atenção ao processo migratório como um todo, com início ainda no país de origem. Partindo da perspectiva teórica da resiliência, este estudo procurou compreender os contextos de adversidade e de recursos dos migrantes brasileiros em Portugal, ao longo das suas trajetórias de vida, observados na ligação entre o país de origem e o país de acolhimento, por meio de 12 narrativas biográficas. A análise das narrativas revelou a diversidade de processos de resiliência entre os migrantes. Revelou ainda que o contexto de adversidade surgia por meio das relações de desvalorização e rejeição com os portugueses, salientando-se a importância das vinculações afectivas e do sentimento de pertença, bem como o papel da diáspora brasileira em Portugal, como recursos significativos. Neste artigo, são ainda discutidas as implicações clínicas da análise das narrativas, numa perspectiva da resiliência

Studies on migration have focused on the difficulties, barriers and obstacles upon arrival and stay in the host country. Recognizing the existence of these adverse processes, just a few studies have been turning their attention to the way that migrants overcome the difficulties they encounter. Moreover, a small number of studies have been investigating the migration process as a whole, starting in the country of origin. Based on the resilience theoretical perspective, this study sought to understand the adversity contexts and the resources mobilized by Brazilian migrants in Portugal, throughout their life trajectories, observed on the link between the country of origin and the host country, through 12 biographical narratives. The analysis of the narratives revealed the diversity of resilience processes amongst those migrants. It revealed that the adverse context arose by means of devaluation and rejection relationships with the Portuguese, stressing the importance of affective ties, sense of belonging, as well as the role of the Brazilian diaspora in Portugal, as meaningful resources. The article also discusses the clinical implications of the analysis of the narratives, from a resilience perspective

Los estudios sobre la migración se han centrado en las dificultades, las barreras y los obstáculos de la llegada y permanencia en el país de acogida. Reconociendo la existencia de estos procesos adversos, pocos estudios se han dedicado al modo cómo los migrantes superan las dificultades que se les presentan. Aún más, pocos estudios dedican atención al proceso de la migración como un todo, con inicio todavía en el país de origen. Partiendo de la perspectiva teórica de la resiliencia, este estudio buscó comprender los contextos de adversidad y de recursos de los migrantes brasileños en Portugal, a lo largo de sus trayectorias devida, observados en el enlace entre el país de origen y el país de acogida, a través de 12 narraciones biográficas. El análisis de las narraciones reveló la diversidad de procesos de resiliencia entre los migrantes. Reveló aun que el contexto de adversidad surgió a través de las relaciones de desvalorización y rechazo con los portugueses, destacándose la importancia de los vínculos afectivos y del sentido de pertenencia, así como el papel de la diáspora brasileña en Portugal, como recursos significativos. En este artículo, son discutidas también las implicaciones clínicas del análisis de las narraciones desde la perspectiva de la resiliencia

Sexual orientation and gender identity: review of concepts, controversies and their relation to psychopathology classification systems.

Numerous controversies and debates have taken place throughout the history of psychopathology (and its main classification systems) with regards to sexual orientation and gender identity. These are still reflected on present reformulations of gender dysphoria in both the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual and the International Classification of Diseases, and in more or less subtle micro-aggressions experienced by lesbian, gay, bisexual and trans patients in mental health care. The present paper critically reviews this history and current controversies. It reveals that this deeply complex field contributes (i) to the reflection on the very concept of mental illness; (ii) to the focus on subjective distress and person-centered experience of psychopathology; and (iii) to the recognition of stigma and discrimination as significant intervening variables. Finally, it argues that sexual orientation and gender identity have been viewed, in the history of the field of psychopathology, between two poles: gender transgression and gender variance/fluidity.

Homens gays com deficiência congénita e/ou adquirida, física e/ou sensorial: duplo-fardo social / Hombres gays con deficiencia congénita y/o adquirida, física y/o sensorial: doble carga social / Gay men with congenital and/or acquired physical and/or sensory disability: a social double-burden

O estudo apresentado, de natureza qualitativa e exploratória, enquadra-se na linha de trabalhos que procuram contribuir, através da fenomenologia, para a compreensão da perspectiva única de homens gays com deficiência congénita e/ou adquirida, física e/ou sensorial, no que concerne às vivências inerentes à deficiência física, bem como à sua orientação sexual. Nesse sentido, recorrendo a uma entrevista semiestruturada, o presente estudo procurou, através da descrição detalhada das experiências pessoais de dois participantes, compreender os seus valores, as suas crenças, as suas representações, as suas atitudes e opiniões, assim como as suas referências normativas. Entre outras conclusões, ressaltamos que, para além de as experiências de dupla discriminação serem relatadas de forma central pelos participantes, verifica-se, de igual modo, a emergência de significados existenciais alternativos que lhes possibilitem alcançar as suas expectativas quanto à vivência da homossexualidade e da sexualidade.

Este artículo, basado en un estudio de naturaleza cualitativa y exploratoria, se encuadra en la línea de trabajos que, a través de la fenomenología, buscan contribuir a la comprensión de la perspectiva de hombres gays con deficiencia congénita y/o adquirida, física y/o sensorial, en lo concerniente a las vivencias inherentes a la deficiencia física, así como a su orientación sexual. En tal sentido, haciendo uso a una entrevista semi-estructurada, este trabajo procura, a través de una detallada descripción de experiencias personales de los participantes, comprender sus valores, sus creencias, sus representaciones, sus actitudes y opiniones, así como sus referencias normativas. Se destaca, entre otras conclusiones, que más allá de las experiencias de doble discriminación se ubican en el centro del relato de los participantes, se verifica la emergencia de significados existenciales alternativos, que les posibilitan alcanzar sus expectativas en cuanto a la vivencia de la homosexualidad y de la sexualidad.

The present qualitative and exploratory study seeks makes a contribution in the field of phenomenology to an understanding of the unique perspective of gay men with congenital and/or acquired physical and/or sensory impairments with regard to disability-related experiences, as well as their sexual orientation. Using a semi-structured interview and a detailed description of the personal experiences of two participants, the study addresses their values​​, beliefs, representations, attitudes, opinions, and normative references. Among others conclusions, we emphasize that, beyond the experience of double discrimination reported centrally by the participants, alternative existential meanings emerge, which allow them to meet their expectations regarding experiencing homosexuality and sexuality, free of prejudice and stigma.

Processos de resiliência em Migrantes: narrativas biográficas de brasileiros em Portugal / Resilience processes in Migrants: biographical narratives of brazilians in Portugal

Os estudos sobre as migrações têm focado as dificuldades, as barreiras e obstáculos na chegada e permanência no país de acolhimento. Reconhecendo a existência destes processos adversos, poucos estudos se têm dedicado ao modo como os migrantes superam as dificuldades com as quais se vão deparando. Mais ainda, poucos estudos dedicam atenção ao processo migratório como um todo, com início ainda no país de origem. Partindo da perspectiva teórica da resiliência, este estudo procurou compreender os contextos de adversidade e de recursos dos migrantes brasileiros em Portugal, ao longo das suas trajetórias de vida, observados na ligação entre o país de origem e o país de acolhimento, por meio de 12 narrativas biográficas. A análise das narrativas revelou a diversidade de processos de resiliência entre os migrantes. Revelou ainda que o contexto de adversidade surgia por meio das relações de desvalorização e rejeição com os portugueses, salientando-se a importância das vinculações afectivas e do sentimento de pertença, bem como o papel da diáspora brasileira em Portugal, como recursos significativos. Neste artigo, são ainda discutidas as implicações clínicas da análise das narrativas, numa perspectiva da resiliência

Studies on migration have focused on the difficulties, barriers and obstacles upon arrival and stay in the host country. Recognizing the existence of these adverse processes, just a few studies have been turning their attention to the way that migrants overcome the difficulties they encounter. Moreover, a small number of studies have been investigating the migration process as a whole, starting in the country of origin. Based on the resilience theoretical perspective, this study sought to understand the adversity contexts and the resources mobilized by Brazilian migrants in Portugal, throughout their life trajectories, observed on the link between the country of origin and the host country, through 12 biographical narratives. The analysis of the narratives revealed the diversity of resilience processes amongst those migrants. It revealed that the adverse context arose by means of devaluation and rejection relationships with the Portuguese, stressing the importance of affective ties, sense of belonging, as well as the role of the Brazilian diaspora in Portugal, as meaningful resources. The article also discusses the clinical implications of the analysis of the narratives, from a resilience perspective.

Clusters of abusive parenting: a latent class analysis of families referred to Child Protective Services in Portugal.

From the perspective of ecological models, it is suggested that a thorough behavior analysis of parental mistreatment and neglect is undertaken from a general approach to a more comprehensive and multi-dimensional perspective. Hence, the main goal of the present study was to determine if meaningful groups or clusters of abusive parenting in Portugal could be identified based on the characterization of the children and adolescents, their parents and context variables. An instrument was developed to assess variables of the children or adolescents, the family and the social context, all of which have been shown to be important in the literature. Child and Youth Protection Commissions from the whole of Portugal participated in the study, a total of 504 cases. Latent class analysis was applied in order to identify distinct parenting abusing behavior. The results showed four distinct clusters of families which are clearly defined in light of the types of risk and associated variables. The four groups are probabilistic and propose the composition of clusters with socio-demographic variables related to the types of risk. The significant interrelationships of different profiling characteristics are directly related to parenting abusing behavior. The results of this study confirmed our hypothesis of heterogeneous abusive parenting in Portugal. The findings yield useful policy-oriented results. Meaningfully organizing abusive parenting may be an important step not only in understanding the origins of abuse and neglect, but also in integrating this information into intervention models with children, young people and their families.

Depressive symptoms predict cognitive decline and dementia in older people independently of cerebral white matter changes: the LADIS study.

OBJECTIVE: Depressive symptoms (DS) have been associated with increased risk of cognitive decline. Our aim was to evaluate the longitudinal influence of DS on cognition in independent older people, accounting for the severity of white matter changes (WMC). METHODS: The LADIS (Leukoaraiosis And DISability in the elderly) prospective study evaluated the impact of WMC on the transition of independent older subjects into disability. Subjects were evaluated annually over a 3 year period with a comprehensive clinical and neuropsychological evaluation. Previous episodes of depression and current DS were assessed during each interview. Severity of DS was assessed using the self-rated 15 item Geriatric Depression Scale. A neuropsychological battery and clinical criteria for cognitive impairments were applied in all clinical visits, and cognitive compound measures were made based on neuropsychological results. MRI was performed at baseline and at year 3. RESULTS: 639 subjects were included (74.1 ± 5 years old, 55% women, 9.6 ± 3.8 years of schooling). Dementia was diagnosed in 90 patients and cognitive impairment not dementia in 147 patients at the last clinical evaluation. DS were an independent predictor of cognitive impairment (dementia and not dementia) during follow-up, independent of the effect of the severity of WMC, medial temporal lobe atrophy, age, education or global cognitive function at baseline. CONCLUSIONS: DS are associated with an increase risk of cognitive decline, independent of the effect of WMC, probably due to an additive or synergistic effect. In this context, DS probably represent a subtle ongoing organic dysfunction.

Confirmatory factor analysis of the Neuropsychological Assessment Battery of the LADIS study: a longitudinal analysis.

Age-related white matter changes have been associated with cognitive functioning, even though their role is not fully understood. This work aimed to test a 3-factor model of the neuropsychological assessment battery and evaluate how the model fit the data longitudinally. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to investigate the dimensions of a structured set of neuropsychological tests administered to a multicenter, international sample of independent older adults (LADIS study). Six hundred and thirty-eight older adults completed baseline neuropsychological, clinical, functional and motor assessments, which were repeated each year for a 3-year follow-up. CFA provided support for a 3-factor model. These factors involve the dimensions of executive functions, memory functions, and speed and motor control abilities. Performance decreased in most neuropsychological measures. Results showed that executive functioning, memory and speed of motor abilities are valid latent variables of neuropsychological performance among older adults, and that this structure is relatively consistent longitudinally, even though performance decreases with time.

The family-school-primary care triangle and the access to mental health care among migrant and ethnic minorities.

Understanding the concepts of mental health and help seeking behaviours of migrant and ethnic minority families constitutes an important step toward improving the intercultural competence of health and education professionals. This paper addresses these goals among ethnic and migrant minorities in Portugal. For this a multi-informant approach was selected. The study involved nine focus groups (N = 39) conducted with different samples: young immigrants (12-17 years), immigrant parents, teachers and health professionals. The results showed similarities and differences in concepts of mental health, as well as help seeking processes. Stigma continued to be recognized as a barrier in the access to mental health care. The paper argues that providing adequate training on mental health on cultural diversity competencies to health and education professionals can contribute to a better inter-communication and -relation system in the family-school-primary care triangle and thus facilitate access to mental health care for youth.

Versão Portuguesa do CORE-OM: tradução, adaptação e estudo preliminar das suas propriedades psicométricas / The Portuguese version of the CORE-OM: translation, adaptation, and preliminary study of psychometric properties

CONTEXTO: O Clinical Outcome Routine Evaluation - Outcome Measure (CORE-OM) é um instrumento europeu de autorrelato para medir a saúde mental em adultos e se encontra adaptado para mais de 20 países. O CORE-OM é utilizado em contextos clínicos hospitalares, saúde ocupacional e educacional, assim como na avaliação da qualidade dos serviços de saúde mental. OBJETIVOS: Este estudo apresenta a tradução e a adaptação do CORE-OM para a língua portuguesa. MÉTODOS: A tradução do CORE-OM seguiu o protocolo internacional da equipe CORE System Trust, em colaboração com os autores originais da medida. Este protocolo envolveu sete traduções independentes, elaboradas por pessoas com/sem familiaridade com a área de saúde mental e por tradutores profissionais. Essas traduções foram posteriormente discutidas em formato de grupo focal, do qual resultou uma versão final da medida. Participaram no processo de tradução indivíduos de várias faixas etárias, contextos socioculturais e níveis de escolaridade. RESULTADOS: Resultados preliminares numa amostra de 111 indivíduos (população geral) revelam que essa tradução é fiável e com elevada consistência interna. CONCLUSÃO: A versão portuguesa do CORE-OM aqui apresentada é relevante e adequada, sendo um instrumento indicado para avaliar a mudança psicológica tanto em investigação como na prática clínica.

BACKGROUND: The Clinical Outcome Routine Evaluation - Outcome Measure (CORE-OM) is a European self-report measure of psychological well-being in adults, which is already adapted for more than 20 countries. The CORE-OM is applicable in primary care settings, in occupational health and educational contexts, as well as for evaluations of mental health services quality. OBJECTIVES: To translate the CORE-OM into and adapt it to the Portuguese language. METHODS: The translation of CORE-OM to Portuguese was conducted in accordance with the CORE System Trust international guidelines, in collaboration with the authors of the original CORE-OM. This guidelines involved seven independent translations by individuals familiar/non-familiar with the field of mental health and by licensed translators. After the discussion of these translations in a focus group, a final version of the Portuguese CORE-OM was established. Individuals from different age groups, socio-cultural backgrounds and educational levels participated in this translation process. RESULTS: Preliminary results in a sample of 111 individuals (general population) show that the translated measure is confidential and has a good internal reliability. DISCUSSION: The Portuguese version of the CORE-OM is a valid and adequate instrument to evaluate psychological changes, both in research and clinical practice contexts.

Self-perceived memory complaints predict progression to Alzheimer disease. The LADIS study.

Memory complaints are frequent in the elderly but its implications in cognition over time remain a controversial issue. Our objective was to evaluate the risk of self perceived memory complaints in the evolution for future dementia. The LADIS (Leukoaraiosis and Disability) prospective multinational European study evaluates the impact of white matter changes (WMC) on the transition of independent elderly subjects into disability. Independent elderly were enrolled due to the presence of WMC. Subjects were evaluated yearly during 3 years with a comprehensive clinical protocol and a neuropsychological battery. Dementia and subtypes of dementia were classified. Self perceived memory complaints in independent elderly were collected during the interview. MRI was performed at entry and at the end of the study. 639 subjects were included (74.1 ± 5 years old, 55% women, 9.6 ± 3.8 years of schooling). At end of follow-up, 90 patients were demented (vascular dementia, 54; Alzheimer's disease (AD) and AD with vascular component, 34; frontotemporal dementia, 2). Using Cox regression analysis, we found that self perceived memory complaints were a strong predictor of AD and AD with vascular component during the follow-up (ß = 2.7, p = 0.008; HR = 15.5, CI 95% [2.04, 117.6]), independently of other confounders, namely depressive symptoms, WMC severity, medial temporal lobe atrophy, and global cognition status at baseline. Self perceived memory complaints did not predict vascular dementia. In the LADIS study, self perceived memory complaints predicted AD but not vascular dementia in elderly subjects with WMC living independently.