Prevalence and incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus in Tucumán, Argentina.

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and incidence of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) in Tucumán, Argentina. METHODS: The study included inpatient and outpatient charts from four public hospitals and private practice rheumatology clinics, all of them members of the Tucumán Rheumatology Society. Patients older than 16 years with diagnosis of SLE between January 2005 and December 2012 were included. Prevalence and annual incidence were calculated as the number of cases per 100.000 inhabitants during the period 2005 to 2012. RESULTS: Three hundred fifty-three patients were identified. The mean age at diagnosis was 30.5 ± 11.7 years, 93.5% women, 83% mestizos. Prevalence was 24.3 cases/100.000 inhabitants (CI 95% 22.6-28.8) and age-adjusted (≥16 years) of 34.9 cases/100.000 inhabitants (CI 95% 32.8-41.1). The annual incidence in 2005 was 1.8 cases/100.000 inhabitants (95% CI 1-2.9) and 2012 of 4.2 cases/100.000 inhabitants (95% CI 2.9-5.8). Mortality was 9.1%, with infections being the most frequent cause (14/32). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of SLE in the province of Tucumán was 34.9 cases/100.000 inhabitants.

"Oberexia": The desire to be fat(ter) in adults with excess weight / "Oberexia": El deseo de estar (más) gordo en adultos con exceso de peso / "Oberexia": O desejo de estar (mais) gordo em adultos com excesso de peso

Introduction: Despite of being scarce, evidence is growing on the existence of a group of overweight and obese individuals who do not consider their weight a risk factor for disease and who associate their weight and body with health, vigor, beauty and well-being. Consequently, they manifest a desire to maintain or even increase their weight. We propose an attempt of nomenclature, Oberexia, for this new social reality, and we describe its main characteristics and present empirical observational findings supporting the existence of this condition. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence and characteristics of Oberexia in a national sample of Spanish 16 to 60-years-old adults. Methodology: Perceptions of body weight/size/shape and composition, and body satisfaction were assessed in overweight and obese adults through silhouettes, questions and discrepancies. Results: One in ten of the participants self-perceived their body as normal in weight or size. A total of 6.5% wanted to have overweight or obese bodies. A case-to-case analysis revealed that 4.2% of the participants wanted to maintain their appearance, and 1.8% wanted a body with greater weight. All these findings are related to fat mass instead of muscle mass. Conclusions: Our results support the existence of a subgroup of overweight and obese individuals who differ from the traditional subgroup of individuals with excess weight who are dissatisfied with their body. We encourage to explore the outcomes on health and the possible clinical implications of this condition

Introducción: Aunque escasa, existe evidencia creciente sobre la existencia de un grupo de personas con sobrepeso y obesidad que no consideran su exceso de peso un factor de riesgo para la enfermedad y asocian su peso y su cuerpo con salud, vigor, belleza y bienestar. Como consecuencia, manifiestan el deseo mantener o incluso incrementar su peso. Realizamos una propuesta de nomenclatura para esta realidad social, Oberexia, describimos sus principales características y presentamos resultados empíricos observacionales que apoyan la existencia de esta condición. Objetivo: Nuestro objetivo fue explorar la prevalencia y características de la Oberexia en una muestra nacional de adultos españoles de 16 a 60 años. Metodología: Las percepciones de peso/tamaño/forma y composición corporal de personas con sobrepeso y obesidad y su satisfacción corporal fueron evaluadas utilizando siluetas, preguntas y discrepancias. Resultados: Uno de cada diez participantes percibió su cuerpo como normal en términos de peso y tamaño. Un 6.5% de los participantes con exceso de peso quería tener cuerpos con sobrepeso u obesidad. Un análisis caso-a-caso reveló que el 4.2% de los participantes deseaba mantener su apariencia, y el 1.8% deseaba aumentar de peso. Un 3% de los participantes podrían ser casos de Oberexia. Estos hallazgos se refieren a masa grasa y no a masa muscular. Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados apoyan la existencia de un subgrupo de personas con exceso de peso que difieren del tradicional subgrupo de individuos obesos que se encuentran insatisfechos con su cuerpo. Es momento de explorar las consecuencias para la salud de la Oberexia y las posibles implicaciones clínicas de esta condición

Apesar de escassas, crescem as evidências sobre a existência de um grupo de essoas com sobrepeso e obesidade que não consideram o excesso de peso um fator de risco para a doença e associam seu peso e corpo com saúde, vigor, beleza e bem-estar. Consequentemente, eles manifestam o desejo de manter ou mesmo aumentar seu peso. Fizemos uma proposta de nomenclatura para essa realidade social, Oberexia, descrevemos suas principais características e apresentamos resultados empíricos observacionais que sustentam a existência dessa condição. O bjetivo deste estudo foi explorar a prevalência e as características de Oberexia em uma amostra nacional de adultos espanhóis de 16 a 60 anos. As percepções de peso/tamanho/forma e composição corporal de pessoas com sobrepeso e obesidade e sua satisfação corporal foram avaliadas por meio de silhuetas, perguntas e discrepâncias. Um em cada dez participantes percebeu seu corpo como normal em termos de peso ou tamanho. Um 6.5% dos participantes com excesso de peso desejava ter corpos com sobrepeso ou obesidade. Uma análise caso-a-caso revelou que 4.2% dos participantes queriam manter a aparência e 1.8% desejavam ganhar peso. Un 3% dos participantes poderia ser casos de Oberexia. Todos esses achados referem -se à massa gorda e não à massa muscular. Nossos resultados confirmam a existência de um subgrupo de indivíduos com sobrepeso e obesidade que diferem do subgrupo tradicional de indivíduos com excesso de peso insatisfeitos com seu corpo. É momento de explorar as consequências para a saúde de a Oberexia e as possíveis implicações clínicas dessa condição

Risk for eating disorders in "high"- and "low"-risk sports and football (soccer): A profile analysis with clustering techniques / Riesgo de trastornos de la alimentación en deportes de "alto" y "bajo" riesgo y fútbol: Un análisis de perfiles con técnicas de clusterización / Risco de transtornos alimentares em esportes de "alto" e "baixo" risco e futebol: uma análise de per"l com técnicas de clusterização

Eating disorders (EDs) are prevalent in sports. Although a distinction has been made to date between high- and low-risk sports for EDs, recent studies have indicated that footballers and other athletes in low-risk sports are as vulnerable for Eds as athletes from sports that emphasize weight and body appearance. The aim of this study was to determine whether there are particular configurations of psychosocial risk factors for EDs among athletes from different sports (N = 357), with a special focus on football players. The Athlete’s Eating Habits Questionnaire (CHAD) was used to establish intra-individual configurations through a multivariate k-means cluster analysis. We found that 10.9% of athletes and 11.4% of the footballers had scores on the CHAD ≥ 100 points, which indicates that a large number of athletes are at risk for developing or may already be suffering from an ED. Three configurations or risk profiles emerged based on the beliefs, attitudes and behaviours that reflect differential schemata for each cluster: high (8.7%), moderate (45.1%) and low (46.2%) risk. Football players had a profile that was similar to the moderate, though existent, risk cluster. Our findings also question the traditional classification of sports as high- vs. low-risk. Athletes, including footballers, may have a heightened risk for EDs when they have certain combinations of dysfunctional beliefs, attitudes and behaviours. Our findings indicate that it is important to consider relevant predisposing factors with the aims of risk detection and EDs prevention among athletes. The type of sport does not appear to be the most important risk factor

Los trastornos de la alimentación (TAs) son prevalentes en el ámbito deportivo. Aunque tradicionalmente se ha distinguido entre deportes de alto y bajo riesgo de TAs, trabajos recientes indican que los futbolistas y otros deportistas de "bajo" riesgo son tan vulnerables como otros atletas en cuya práctica deportiva se enfatiza el peso y la apariencia corporal. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer si existen configuraciones particulares de características psicosociales de riesgo de TAs entre deportistas de diferentes modalidades deportivas (N = 357), con un interés especial en futbolistas. Se utilizó el Cuestionario de Hábitos Alimentarios del Deportista (CHAD) para establecer dichas configuraciones intraindividuales a través de un análisis multivariado de cluster de k-medias. Un 10.9% de los deportistas y un 11.4% de los futbolistas obtuvieron puntuaciones en el CHAD ≥ 100 puntos, lo que señala que un elevado número de deportistas puede desarrollar un TA a lo largo de su carrera deportiva, o lo puede estar padeciendo ya. Aparecieron tres configuraciones o perfiles de riesgo de TAs en virtud de las creencias, actitudes y comportamientos particulares que conforman un esquema diferencial en cada clúster: Alto (8.7%), moderado (45.1%) y bajo riesgo (46.2%). Los futbolistas muestran un perfil muy parecido al del clúster de riesgo moderado, aunque existente. Los hallazgos obtenidos también cuestionan las clasificaciones tradicionales de los deportes como de alto y bajo riesgo. Los deportistas, incluyendo los futbolistas, pueden tener un riesgo acentuado de padecer TAs si se dan ciertas combinaciones de creencias, actitudes y conductas disfuncionales. Nuestros resultados señalan la importancia, de cara al establecimiento del riesgo y la prevención de TAs en deportistas, de considerar factores predisponentes relevantes, entre los que el tipo de deporte parece no ser el más importante

Os transtornos alimentares (TAs) sao prevalentes em esporte. Embora tradicionalmente uma distincao tem-se realizado entre esportes de alto e baixo risco de TAs, estudos recentes indicam que os futebolistas e outros atletas de risco "baixo" sao tao vulneraveis como outros atletas em esportes onde o peso e aparencia fisica sao enfatizados. O objectivo deste estudo foi determinar se existem configuracoes particulares de fatores psicossociais de risco de TA em atletas de esportes diferentes (N = 357), com um interesse especial em jogadores de futebol. O Questionario de Habitos Alimentares do Atleta (CHAD) foi utilizado para estabelecer configuracoes intra-individuais do risco atraves de uma analise multivariada de clusterizacao de K-medias. Encontramos que o 10.9% dos atletas e 11.4% dos jogadores de futebol tiveram pontuacoes no CHAD ≥ 100 pontos, o que indica que um grande numero de atletas pode desenvolver um TA ao longo de sua carreira, ou ele ja pode estar sofrendo un TA. Tres conguraçoes ou pers de risco de TAs emergiram com base nas crencas, atitudes e comportamentos que recectem um esquema diferencial determinado em cada grupo: alto (8.7%), moderado (45.1%) e baixo risco (46.2%). Os futebolitas mostraram um perfil semelhante ao cluster de risco moderado, embora existente. Nossos resultados questionam as classifficacoes tradicionais de esportes como alto e baixo risco. Os atletas, incluindo os jogadores de futebol, podem ter um risco elevado de TAs se ocorrem determinadas combinacoes de crencas, atitudes e comportamentos disfuncionais. Nossos resultados indicam a importancia para o estabelecimento do risco e prevencao de TAs em atletas do considerar fatores predisponentes relevantes. O tipo de esporte nao parece ser o fator de risco mais importante

Determinantes psicosociales y deportivos de la intención de continuar la participación en la práctica deportiva y la competición en atletas con discapacidad / Psychosocial and athletic determinants of intention for continuing participation in training and competition in disabled athletes

Las experiencias de flow, la competencia deportiva percibida y la pasión han sido relacionadas con la adherencia a la práctica deportiva y el rendimiento en deportistas sin discapacidad, pero existe escasa evidencia de ello en el deporte adaptado. En este estudio correlacional, exploramos el flow, la competencia percibida y la pasión armoniosa y obsesiva en deportistas con diversidad funcional de diferentes modalidades y niveles competitivos, y su influencia sobre la intención de práctica y competición futura. Se realizaron análisis de correlaciones de orden cero y análisis multivariados de regresión lineal. Los participantes informaron tener niveles moderadamente altos de flow, particularmente en la mejor competición, así como elevada competencia deportiva percibida y pasión por el deporte, particularmente pasión armoniosa. Entre las variables psicosociales y deportivas consideradas, la intención de práctica futura fue predicha por la competencia percibida, mientras que la intención de competición futura fue predicha por la pasión obsesiva y el nivel de competición. Las intervenciones dirigidas a la promoción de la participación deportiva y el incremento del rendimiento en atletas con discapacidad deben considerar estos poderosos recursos psicológicos (AU)

Experiences of flow, perceived athletic competence and passion have been linked to sport engagement and performance among non-disabled athletes, but there is little evidence in the case of disabled athletes. In the present study with correlational design, we explored how, perceived competence and harmonious and obsessive passion in athletes with disabilities from different sports and competition levels, and their influence on athletes' intention to continue participation in training and competition. Zero-order correlations and multivariate linear regression analyses were conducted. The participants reported moderately high levels of flow, particularly during their best competition, and high levels of perceived athletic competence and passion for sports, particularly harmonious passion. Among the psychosocial and athletic factors considered, the intention for future practice was predicted by perceived competence, while the intention for future competition was predicted by the participant’s obsessive passion and competition level. Interventions aimed at enhancing sport participation and performance in disabled athletes should consider these powerful psychological resources

Potential distribution of the invasive freshwater dinoflagellate Ceratium furcoides (Levander) Langhans (Dinophyta) in South America.

Dinoflagellates of the genus Ceratium are predominantly found in marine environments, with a few species in inland waters. Over the last decades, the freshwater species Ceratium hirundinella and Ceratium furcoides have colonized and invaded several South American basins. The purpose of this study was to create a distribution model for the invasive dinoflagellate C. furcoides in South America in order to further investigate the basins at potential risk, as well as the environmental conditions that influence its expansion. This species is known to develop blooms due to its mobility, resistance to sedimentation, and optimized use of resources. Although nontoxic, blooms of the species cause many problems to both the natural ecosystems and water users. Potential distribution was predicted by using a maximum entropy algorithm (MaxEnt). Model was run with 101 occurrences obtained from the scientific literature, and climatic, hydrological and topographic variables. The developed model had a very good performance for the study area. The most susceptible areas identified were mainly concentrated in the basins between southeastern Brazil and northeastern Argentina. Besides already affected regions, new potentially suitable areas were identified in temperate regions of South America. The information generated here will be useful for authorities responsible for water and watershed management to monitor the spread of this species and address problems related to its establishment in new environments.

Outcome and predictors of kidney disease progression in Puerto Ricans with systemic lupus erythematosus initially presenting with mild renal involvement.

OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to determine the outcomes and predictors of renal disease progression in Puerto Ricans with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) initially presenting mild renal involvement. METHODS: A retrospective cohort of 61 patients with SLE (per American College of Rheumatology classification) with mild renal involvement was studied. Mild renal disease was defined as glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 90 mL/min or higher in the presence of proteinuria (>0.25 g/d, but <3.5 g/d), hematuria, and/or urinary cellular casts. Demographic parameters, clinical manifestations, serologic markers, comorbidities, pharmacologic treatments, disease activity, and damage accrual were determined at onset of renal disease. Factors associated with renal disease progression were evaluated using recurrent event survival analysis. RESULTS: Of 61 patients, 55 (90.2%) were women. The mean (SD) age at renal onset was 29 (11.2) years, and the mean (SD) follow-up period was 5.1 (3.4) years. Thirty-eight patients had a decline in GFR. Thirty-two had a mild decline (GFR = 60-89 mL/min), 5 developed moderate to severe renal insufficiency (GFR = 15-59 mL/min), and 1 evolved to end-stage renal disease (GFR < 15 mL/min). In the Cox model, low C4 levels and proteinuria greater than 0.5 g/d were associated with an earlier decline in GFR. CONCLUSIONS: Most Puerto Rican patients with SLE initially presenting with mild renal involvement had a decrease in GFR after an average of 5 years of kidney disease, although most had a mild dysfunction. Low C4 levels and proteinuria were predictors of an earlier decline in GFR. We emphasize that awareness of these factors may contribute to early identification of individuals at risk for renal deterioration.

Efficacy of two cyclophosphamide regimens for the treatment of lupus nephritis in Puerto Ricans: low vs. standard dose.

INTRODUCTION: The clinical outcome and therapeutic response to immunosuppressive agents vary among patients with lupus nephritis of different ethnic populations. Thus, we evaluated the efficacy of two established treatment protocols for lupus nephritis (low-dose versus standard-dose cyclophosphamide) in Puerto Ricans with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS: A retrospective cohort of 49 adult patients with SLE treated with intravenous low or standard-dose cyclophosphamide for clinical or biopsy confirmed lupus nephritis was studied. Demographic parameters, clinical manifestations, autoantibodies and pharmacological treatments were determined prior to cyclophosphamide treatment. Renal parameters, disease activity, damage accrual and corticosteroid use were determined before and after treatment. Cyclophosphamide-associated adverse events were also examined. Univariable and bivariable analyses were used to evaluate group differences. RESULTS: Thirty-nine SLE patients received the standard-dose treatment and ten patients the low-dose therapy. Prior to cyclophosphamide infusion, demographic parameters, clinical manifestations, autoantibodies profile, disease damage and pharmacologic treatments were similar in both groups. Disease activity was higher in the low-dose group. After cyclophosphamide therapy, significant improvement of renal parameters (increase in the glomerular filtration rate and decrease in hematuria, pyuria, urinary cellular casts, proteinuria and hypertension) were observed only for patients that received the standard-dose therapy. Disease activity and corticosteroids requirement decreased in both groups after treatment. No differences were observed for adverse events associated with cyclophosphamide. CONCLUSIONS: The standard-dose cyclophosphamide therapy appears to be more effective, and similar in terms of drug safety, than the low-dose regime for lupus nephritis in Puerto Ricans with SLE.

Utilization of health services and prescription patterns among lupus patients followed by primary care physicians and rheumatologists in Puerto Rico.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the utilization of health services and prescription patterns among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) followed by primary care physicians and rheumatologists in Puerto Rico. METHODS: The insurance claims submitted by physicians to a health insurance company of Puerto Rico in 2003 were examined. The diagnosis of lupus was determined by using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, code for SLE (710.0). Of 552,733 insured people, 665 SLE patients were seen by rheumatologists, and 92 were followed by primary care physicians. Demographic features, selected co-morbidities, healthcare utilization parameters, and prescription patterns were examined. Fisher exact test, chi2 test, and analysis of variances were used to evaluate differences between the study groups. RESULTS: SLE patients followed by rheumatologists had osteopenia/osteoporosis diagnosed more frequently than did patients followed by primary care physicians. The frequency of high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, coronary artery disease, and renal disease was similar for both groups. Rheumatologists were more likely to order erythrocyte sedimentation rate, anti-dsDNA antibodies, and serum complements. No differences were observed for office or emergency room visits, hospitalizations, and utilization of routine laboratory tests. Rheumatologists prescribed hydroxychloroquine more frequently than did primary care physicians. The use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, glucocorticoids, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, and methotrexate was similar for both groups. CONCLUSION: Overall, the utilization of health services and prescription patterns among SLE patients followed by primary care physicians and rheumatologists in Puerto Rico are similar. However, rheumatologists ordered SLE biomarkers of disease activity and prescribed hydroxychloroquine more frequently than did primary care physicians.

Prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus and associated comorbidities in Puerto Rico.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and its associated comorbidities in patients from Puerto Rico using a database from a health insurance company. METHODS: The insurance claims submitted by physicians in 2003 to a health insurance company of Puerto Rico were examined. Of 552,733 insured people, 877 had a diagnosis of SLE (code 710.0) per the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9). Demographic parameters and selected comorbidities were determined. The diagnosis of comorbities was ascertained using the ICD-9 code, the Current Procedural Terminology-4 code (for disease-specific procedures) and/or the Medi-Span Therapeutic Classification System (for disease-specific pharmacologic treatment). Fisher exact test and chi were used to evaluate differences between SLE patients groups. RESULTS: The mean age was 42.0 +/- 13.5, and the female-to-male ratio was 12.5:1. The overall prevalence of SLE was 159 per 100,000 individuals. The prevalence for females was 277 per 100,000 women and for males it was 25 per 100,000 men. The most common comorbidities were high blood pressure (33.7%), osteopenia/osteoporosis (22.2%), hypothyroidism (19.0%), diabetes mellitus (11.6%), and hypercholesterolemia (11.6%). Overall, high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and coronary artery disease were more prevalent in SLE patients older than 54 years. Osteopenia/osteoporosis was more prevalent in women than in men. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of SLE in Puerto Rico is very high. High blood pressure, diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia, hypothyroidism, and osteopenia/osteoporosis are common comorbidities in these patients. Identification and management of these comorbidities are critical for optimal medical care to this population.

Chronic anemia and thrombocytosis as the initial presentation of Still's disease in an elderly patient.

Still's disease is very rare in elderly patients. We report a case of Still's disease in an elderly patient that had an atypical initial presentation. A 76-year-old woman developed unexplained chronic anemia and thrombocytosis. Three years later she had acute onset of high fever, arthritis, maculopapular rash, pleuritic chest pain, abdominal pain, lymphadenopathy and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Rheumatoid factor and antinuclear antibodies were negative. She responded favorably to prednisone and methotrexate treatment. Anemia and thrombocytosis as well as Still's disease manifestations resolved.

Association of serum MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta, and RANTES with clinical manifestations, disease activity, and damage accrual in systemic lupus erythematosus.

The aim of this study was to determine if macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP) 1alpha, MIP-1beta, and RANTES (regulated upon activation normally T-cell expressed and secreted) serum concentrations are associated with clinical manifestations, disease activity, and damage accrual in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). A cross-sectional study was performed in 62 SLE patients (per American College of Rheumatology criteria) participating in a longitudinal study and 20 healthy subjects. MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta, and RANTES serum concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Demographic parameters, clinical manifestations, serologic features, pharmacologic treatments, disease activity, and damage accrual were determined at study visit. Disease activity was assessed with the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Activity Measure (SLAM), and disease damage was assessed with Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinic Damage Index (SDI). The relation between the variables was studied with the Student t test and the Pearson r correlation test. SLE patients were more likely to have higher concentrations of MIP-1beta and RANTES than healthy individuals. In addition, they had a trend to have higher concentrations of MIP-1alpha. Patients with discoid lupus were more likely to have higher levels of MIP-1alpha. Elevation of MIP-1beta correlated with higher SDI score. No association was found between serum chemokines levels and disease activity. In conclusion, SLE patients have higher serum levels of MIP-1beta and RANTES than healthy individuals. MIP-1alpha is associated with discoid lupus, and MIP-1beta correlates with damage accrual in SLE. This study suggests that chemokines may have a role in the pathogenesis of SLE.

Adhesión de composites a esmalte y dentina con sistemas autoacondicionantes / Bonding of composites to enamel and dentin with self-conditioning systems

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la resistencia adhesiva de composites a tejidos dentarios, utilizando sistemas autocondicionantes. Se fijaron probetas de composite (Z-100, 3M) sobre superficies planas de esmalte y dentina con y sin acondicionamiento con ácido fosfórico (3M-gel) utilizando Promp L-Pop (ESPE) y Clearfil Liner Bond 2V (Kuraray) como adhesivos. LUego de 24 horas de almacenamiento en agua destilada a 37 grados C, se determinó la resistencia adhesiva bajo tensiones de corte. El análisis de varianza mostró el efecto significativo de los factores material empleado, tratamiento ácido y tejido considerado, así como varias de las interacciones entre ellos. Puede concluirse que si bien los sitemas autocondicionantes alcanzan valores aceptables en esmalte sin grabar, el empleo de ese acondicionamiento los incrementa significativamente. En dentina el efecto de este tratamiento fue significativo con el sistema Clearfil Liner Bond 2 V, mientras que no lo fue en el caso de Promp L-Pop. Sobre esta última superficie se obtuvieron valores inferiores a los logrados sobre esmalte (AU)

Adhesión de composites a esmalte y dentina con sistemas autoacondicionantes / Bonding of composites to enamel and dentin with self-conditioning systems

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la resistencia adhesiva de composites a tejidos dentarios, utilizando sistemas autocondicionantes. Se fijaron probetas de composite (Z-100, 3M) sobre superficies planas de esmalte y dentina con y sin acondicionamiento con ácido fosfórico (3M-gel) utilizando Promp L-Pop (ESPE) y Clearfil Liner Bond 2V (Kuraray) como adhesivos. LUego de 24 horas de almacenamiento en agua destilada a 37 grados C, se determinó la resistencia adhesiva bajo tensiones de corte. El análisis de varianza mostró el efecto significativo de los factores material empleado, tratamiento ácido y tejido considerado, así como varias de las interacciones entre ellos. Puede concluirse que si bien los sitemas autocondicionantes alcanzan valores aceptables en esmalte sin grabar, el empleo de ese acondicionamiento los incrementa significativamente. En dentina el efecto de este tratamiento fue significativo con el sistema Clearfil Liner Bond 2 V, mientras que no lo fue en el caso de Promp L-Pop. Sobre esta última superficie se obtuvieron valores inferiores a los logrados sobre esmalte