ABSTRACT
Tick-borne viruses (TBV) have gained public health relevance in recent years due to the recognition of human-associated fatal cases and the increase in tick-borne disease and transmission. However, many tick species have not been studied for their potential to transmit pathogenic viruses, especially those found in Latin America. To gain better understanding of the tick virome, we conducted targeted amplification using broadly-reactive consensus-degenerate pan-viral targeting viruses from the genera Flavivirus, Bandavirus, Uukuvirus, and Orthonairovirus genus. Additionally, we conducted unbiased metagenomic analyses to investigate the presence of viral RNA sequences in Amblyomma cajennense, A. patinoi and Rhipicephalus microplus ticks collected from a horse slaughter plant in Medellín, Colombia. While no viral products were detected by PCR, results of the metagenomic analyses revealed the presence of viral genomes belonging to the genera Phlebovirus, Bandavirus, and Uukuvirus, including Lihan Tick Virus (LTV), which was previously reported in Rhipicephalus microplus from Colombia. Overall, the results emphasized the enormous utility of the next-generation sequencing in identifying virus genetic diversity presents in ticks and other species of vectors and reservoirs.
Subject(s)
RNA Viruses , Rhipicephalus , Animals , Humans , Horses , Rhipicephalus/genetics , Amblyomma , Colombia , Virome/geneticsABSTRACT
RESUMEN Los virus transmitidos por garrapatas (VTG) pertenecen a las familias Flaviviridae, Bunyaviridae, Reoviridae, Asfarviridae y Orthomyxoviridae y son agentes causales de diferentes enfermedades en humanos y animales. Debido a la creciente importancia epidemiológica que están teniendo los VTG, esta revisión pretende englobar el conocimiento actual de estos agentes y las enfermedades que producen, así como exponer las estrategias abordadas en prevención y tratamiento que se han implementado hasta el momento en diferentes países. Es evidente que para la región Neotropical hacen falta estudios sobre los VTG presentes en la región, ya que la gran mayoría de los artículos, tanto revisiones de tema como trabajos originales, presentan datos de las regiones Neártica y Paleártica. Considerando el panorama actual de los estudios de VTG en la región Neotropical y las particularidades de la misma, es muy probable que existan otros VTG aún no identificados que podrían tener algún impacto en salud pública.
SUMMARY Tick-borne viruses (TBVs) belong to the Flaviviridae, Bunyaviridae, Reoviridae, Asfarviridae and Orthomyxoviridae families and cause different diseases in humans and animals. Due to the epidemiologic relevance of TBVs, this review highlights the actual knowledge of these agents and the diseases they cause, besides of the prevention and treatment strategies implemented so far. It is evident that studies that address the TBVs present in the Neotropical region are missing, since most of the studies, both reviews and original articles, present data from the Nearctic and Palearctic regions. Considering the current picture of the TBVs studies in the Neotropical area and its peculiarities, is probable that other not yet identified TBVs exist in this zone and have an impact in public health.
Subject(s)
Humans , Ticks , Virus Diseases , Public HealthABSTRACT
Introducción: Para la interpretación del hemograma se requieren intervalos biológicos de referencia que permitan orientar la toma de decisiones clínicas y epidemiológicas con base en las características específicas de la población en la cual serán aplicados. Objetivo: establecer los intervalos biológicos de referencia para los parámetros del hemograma en personas sanas de Medellín, 2012. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal en 70 donantes a repetición de sangre y hemocomponentes, y 65 vegetarianos. Las muestras fueron procesadas en el equipo Sysmex XE-2100®. La descripción se realizó con medidas de frecuencia y resumen; los intervalos biológicos de referencia se determinaron con intervalos de confianza del 95% para la media; además, se establecieron y compararon los resultados por sexo y grupo etario...
Introduction: Laboratory reference values are required for an adequate interpretation of complete blood count, in a way they can guide clinical and epidemiological decisions based on the specific the characteristics of the population to which they will be applied. Aim: To determine the reference values for blood cell count parameters in healthy individuals from Medellín, Colombia, during the year of 2012. Materials and methods: We conducted a cross sectional study that included 70 repetitive blood donors, and 65 vegetarians. Samples were processed in a Sysmex XE-2100® hematology analyzer. The data were described using frequency and summary measures, and reference values were determined applying a 95% confidence interval to the mean of each parameter; in addition, reference values were compared by sex and age...