[Provisionality phenomenon in the histo- organo- and systemogenesis].

This review summarizes the results of the study of the provisionality phenomenon in the development of the organs of the urinary system (mesonephros, metanephros) in viviparous (human, rat) and oviparous (bird) amniotes, human organs of mixed origin (pituitary, ovary, stomodeum) reparative regeneration of supporting tissues (in humans and Syrian hamster), morphogenesis of primary hepatic cancer developing against the background of superinvasive opisthorchiasis. It is shown that during the development of tissues and organs, the stages of provisional and definitive histo- and organogenesis could be determined; saltatory mechanism is typical for embryonic organogenesis (formation of cartilaginous skeletal primordia, meso- and metanephrons) and foci of oncogenesis. Transformation zones of the type of tissue organization in the epithelium are located in the areas of contacts of the derivatives of different embryonic primordia. Mechanism of transformation of the epithelial layer of stomodeum and Rathke's pouch is provided by local activation of apoptosis and by the formation of the epithelial cells of a qualitatively new generation.

[Hemostasis in acute ulcerous bleedings from the stomach and duodenum in experiment].

For the first time in experiment on animals ways of surgical treatment of 'sharp ulcer bleedings' stomach and a duodenal gut with application microporous nikelid-titanic implants are developed, the morphological picture healing processes in ulcer defect with implanted microporous nicelid-titanic plate is studied. Introduction in 'ulcer defect' microporous Ti-Ni implants, the sated 7,5% a solution capropher, provides a stable hemostasis, reduces risk of relapse of bleedings (p < or = 0,05). Possibility of performance of operations by the developed technique is proved at sharp ulcer bleedings of a stomach and a duodenal gut.

Tissue reactions to modern suturing material in colorectal surgery.

Morphological changes in the wall of the large intestine were studied after its manual suturing by a double-row interrupted suture with modern suture threads. Light and scanning electron microscopy showed "fuse properties" and "sawing effect" of polyfilament twisted threads (e.g. vicryl). Monofilament threads were free from these drawbacks and therefore were preferable. Metal elastic threads on the basis of titanium-nickelide alloys caused no inflammatory changes in tissues.

[Method of forming of compressive terminal colon anastomosis].

The method of creation of compressive terminal colon anastomosis with implants of TN-10 titanium nikelid was developed. Experimental studies carried out on 60 mongrel dogs demonstrated higher physical strength and biological containment of these anastomoses compared with manual and mechanical ones. Regeneration completed earlier after surgery and was accompanied by less inflammation. Clinical study was carried out in 54 patients. There were no lethal outcomes, insufficiency of anastomosis was seen in 1 (1.9%) case.

[The decreased susceptibility of Syrian hamsters to Opisthorchis felineus invasion after its repeated administration]. / Snizhenie vospriimchivosti siriiskikh khomiakov k invazii Opisthorchis felineus posle povtornogo vvedeniia.

The investigations conducted on Syrian hamsters have revealed that multiple enteral infusions of cold inactivated (t = -10 degrees C) O. felineus metacercariae resulted in the formation of immunocompetent cell and fibroblast infiltrations around the branches of the portal vein. The infestation of animals by viable pathogens led to reduced accommodation of helminths and suppressed cell infiltration in the liver. It is assumed that the native population of the foci become tolerant to the disease with the penetration of noninvasive Opisthorchis larvae into their body and the development of latent forms of helminthiasis.

[A comparative study of the efficacy of praziquantel and its liposomal form in experimental opisthorchiasis]. / Sravnitel'noe izuchenie éffektivnosti prazikvantelia i ego liposomal'noi formy pri éksperimental'nom opistorkhoze.

Intensive and extensive efficacy of praziquantel pure and that included in multilamellar liposomes was studied. As a result, a high anti-helminthic activity of liposomal praziquantel has been established. Negative effect of praziquantel on protein synthetic and enzymatic function of the liver has been revealed in normal animals. The treatment with liposomal praziquantel led to a rapid normalization of total lipid and bilirubin levels, thymol turbidity test, transaminase indices and also to a decrease in dystrophic liver changes.

[A comparison of the count of Opisthorchis in the body of the host and of the eggs eliminated with the feces]. / Sopostavlenie chisla opistorkhisov v organizme khoziaina i vydeliaemykh iaits s fekaliiami.

The study of the intensity of Opisthorchis infestation by counting the amount of the parasites in the liver of 62 corpses and 12 cats and the quantity of the parasite's eggs per g feces was carried out. Furthermore, the number of the eggs depending on the intensity of the infection was counted. The fact of irregular distribution of eggs in the colon content and the lack of correlation between the quantity of parasites in the liver and egg contents per g was revealed. An increase in egg production in cases with severe pathology independent of its form was observed in spite of low intensity of invasion.

[Pathomorphology of the reparative processes of the liver following praziquantel treatment of experimental opisthorchiasis]. / Patomorfologiia vosstanovitel'nykh protsessov v pecheni posle lecheniia éksperimental'nogo opistorkhoza prazikvantelem.

The authors attempted to create a model of reparative processes in the liver in the residual period of experimental opisthorchiasis. The experiment was performed in 150 Opisthorchis invaded Syrian hamsters treated with praziquantel in a single dose of 400 mg/kg body weight on days 7-180 of postinfection. The studies of morphological, histochemical and morphometric alterations in the animal liver allowed one to distinguish the stages of additional sensitization, early and late rehabilitative changes and the stage of residual changes. An inverse relationship was found between the duration of last three stages with the invasion duration prior to treatment and with increased duration of the first stage of the disease in early therapy.

[Granulomatous inflammation of the liver in opisthorchiasis]. / Granulematoznoe vospalenie pecheni pri opistorkhoze.

Granulomatous liver inflammation was studied in Syrian hamsters in opisthorchiasis alone and in combination with different factors, such as carcinogens, anthelmintics, immunosuppressants and pregnancy. Parasitic ova and metabolites, as well as hepatic cell necrosis are shown to be the initiating factors of granulomatous inflammation. Granulomas originate in ductal walls, hepatic stroma and parenchyma. Four granuloma types are distinguished, i.e. macrophagal, giant-cell, necrotizing and cicatricial one. The biggest granuloma area was observed in superinvasive form of helminthiasis, when infection was combined with a carcinogen (DMNA), and in pregnant female hamsters treated with droncite. It is suggested that opisthorchiasis is a granulomatous disease.