Aged and induced-premature ovarian failure mouse models affect diestrus profile and ovarian features.

Sex hormones exert a wide influence on several systems of the human body, especially in women, who undergo intense changes in the trans and postmenopausal periods. Different experimental models are used to mimic these conditions; however, the impact on hormonal profile may be different. This study aimed to analyze and compare vaginal cytology of different post-estropausal mice models, along with their microscopical ovarian features. Forty-six C57BL/6J female mice with the ages of 4, 6 and 18 months at the beginning of the experiment, weighing about 25-28 grams, constituted five groups: NC-(negative control) animals with no treatment, OVX-SHAM-sham ovariectomized, OVX-ovariectomized, VCD-medicated with 160 mg/kg/day of 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide via IP for 20 consecutive days, and Aged-senescent mice under physiological estropause. Euthanasia was performed at different periods for the removal of the ovaries, and after diestrus was confirmed by vaginal cytology for 10 consecutive days. For daily vaginal cytology, morphological and histomorphometric microscopic analyzes were performed. Aged mice presented significant increased neutrophils when compared to VCD group, as well as increased cornified epithelial cells when compared to OVX mice, and also increased nucleated epithelial cells when compared to VCD and OVX. NC and OVX-SHAM ovaries presented innumerous follicles at different stages of development, while VCD showed marked follicular atresia, depleted of primordial or developing follicles and a predominance of interstitial cells. The ovaries of aged mice were predominantly constituted by corpus luteum degenerated into corpus albicans, with rare antral follicles. All analyzed models led to different permanent diestrus profiles caused by each model, as indicated by ovarian features. This should be carefully considered when choosing a post-estropausal experimental model, in order to better correlate this challenging phase of female's life with physiological/pathological conditions.

Influence of age and gender on alveolar bone healing post tooth extraction in 129 Sv mice: a microtomographic, histological, and biochemical characterization.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the effect of biological sex and aging on craniofacial bone features in 129 Sv mice and their influence on dental socket healing post tooth extraction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 52 129 Sv mice were used, of which 28 were young (3-4 months) and 24 were aged (17-18 months), equally distributed according to biological sex. After an upper right incisor extraction, mice specimens were collected at 7, 14, and 21-days post-surgery for microtomographic (microCT) and comprehensive histological analysis. Mandible, skull bones, and maxillae at 21 days were analyzed by microCT, while blood plasma samples were collected for the detection of key bone turnover markers (P1NP and CTX-1) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assay. RESULTS: Aged females depicted significantly decreased mineralized bone content in alveolar sockets in comparison to young females and aged males at day 7, and aged males at day 14. Mandible RCA and Ma.AR of aged females were also significantly decreased in comparison with young females. Histological evaluation revealed that all alveolar sockets healed at 21 days with inflammation resolution and deposition of new bone. Immunohistochemistry for TRAP revealed increased area density for osteoclasts in alveolar sockets of aged females when compared to young females at 21 days. While a significant increase in CTX-1 levels was detected in blood plasma of aged females when compared to young females, P1NP levels did not significantly change between young and older females. No significant changes were observed for males. CONCLUSIONS: Age and gender can significantly affect craniofacial bones of 129 Sv mice, especially maxilla and mandible in females. Considering the altered bone resorption parameters and delayed alveolar bone healing in older females, careful deliberation is necessary during development of pre-clinical models for craniofacial research. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Aging can be a contributing factor to slower bone healing in craniofacial bones. However, there are no sufficient experimental studies that have addressed this phenomenon along with biological sex taken into consideration.

Occlusal Instability Results in Increased Complication Rates After Treatment of Mandibular Fractures.

PURPOSE: It is important to understand the factors that can increase the incidence of complications after mandibular fracture (MF) treatment. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether occlusal stability influences the occurrence of postoperative complications in MFs treated with internal rigid fixation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We performed a prospective cohort study of patients treated for MF by osteosynthesis with plate and screw fixation. The primary predictor variable was the occlusal stability (yes vs no). Occlusion was scored as stable (group 1) if the patients had all their teeth and no free ends in either dental arch. Occlusion was coded as unstable (group 2) if the patients were partially edentulous with free ends in either dental arch or had edentulism involving more than 6 dental elements. The primary outcome variable was postoperative complication (yes vs no). The secondary outcome variables were the osteosynthesis system used (2.0 or 2.4 mm), local factors, age, and gender. Statistical analysis was performed using the χ2 statistical test at 5% significance. RESULTS: Of 115 patients with 121 MFs, 73 (63.48%) had stable occlusion (group 1) and 42 (36.52%) had unstable occlusion (group 2). The mean age was 34.11 years, and 71.3% were men. The postoperative complication rate was 8.70% (10 patients). Of the 10 patients with complications, 3 (2.6%) were in group 1 and 7 (6.1%) were in group 2 (P = .021 and P < .05, respectively). The 2.0-mm system was used in 107 cases (93%). All the complications were associated with use of the 2.0-mm osteosynthesis plates, occurring in 3 of 69 patients in group 1 (4.34%) and 7 of 38 patients in group 2 (18.42%; P = .032 and P < .05, respectively). The greatest number of complications was associated with unilateral MF (9 of 109). The occurrence of postoperative complications in angle and symphysis/parasymphysis fracture sites was equal. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study suggest that unstable occlusion could increase the rate of postoperative complications in MFs treated with plates and screws. Future studies are required with occlusal stability included as a variable.

Immediate Oral Rehabilitation Using Dental Implants After Marginal Mandibulectomy: A Case Report.

Mandibular reconstruction techniques are always a challenge to oral and maxillofacial (OMF) surgeons. Techniques and treatment plans that offer the patient OMF rehabilitation should always be available. Technological innovations have enabled more rapid, safer, and more secure treatment than in the past. This article describes a case using a different approach. The patient was treated with marginal mandibulectomy and immediate rehabilitation with osseointegrated implants; a hybrid prosthesis was fabricated a short time thereafter. This treatment plan demonstrated its utility and efficiency in this case. An approach with fewer surgeries and OMF rehabilitation needs be considered in all cases.

Fechamento de comunicação buco-sinusal utilizando o corpo adiposo bucal: Relato de Caso Clínico / Closure of oroantral communications using buccal fat pad: technique report

Introdução: As comunicações buco-sinusais (CBS) são complicações cirúrgicas relativamente frequentes na prática odontológica, relacionadas à extração dos molares superiores. As CBS permitem a passagem de alimentos e outras substâncias para o interior do seio maxilar, propiciando, assim, quadros infecciosos conhecidos como Sinusites. O tratamento das CBS é desafiador. Objetivo: Relatar um caso clínico de fístula bucossinusal tratada pela técnica de fechamento com o corpo adiposo bucal. Relato de caso: paciente do gênero masculino, 59 anos, leucoderma, sem alterações de ordem sistêmica, compareceu ao ambulatório de Pós-graduação da Universidade do Sagrado Coração relatando como queixa principal o fato de "sair líquidos pelo nariz" durante alimentação e havia iniciado após realizar exodontia de raiz residual do dente 16. O mesmo relatou que após a exodontia foi realizada uma tentativa de fechamento da fístula buco-sinusal através do reposicionamento do retalho vestibular e não foi obtido sucesso. Após 45 dias de condicionamento da mucosa do seio maxilar através de irrigações com soro fisiológico e clorexidina a 0,12% foi proposto ao paciente e realizado o fechamento da fístula buco-sinusal através da utilização do corpo adiposo bucal. Conclusão: atualmente para se alcançar o alto índice de sucesso no fechamento de comunicações busco-sinusais utilizamos esta técnica descrita, por ser um procedimento simples e que porprociona resultados satisfatórios ao paciente.

Introduction: Bucosinusal communications are relatively frequent surgical complications in dental practice. Although several conditions are related to this type of communication, the exodontia of upper posterior teeth presents as the main etiological factor. They are diagnosed through fistulas, which communicate the buccal and sinus cavities, thus allowing the passage of food and other substances into the maxillary sinus, thus providing infectious pictures known as Sinusites. Objective: through the report of a clinical case of buccosalusal fistula, we will focus on the success of the closure of buccomasinal communication with Bichat Adipose Body. Technique report: male patient, 59 years old, leucoderma, with no systemic alterations, who attended the University of the Sacred Heart Postgraduation outpatient clinic reporting as a main complaint the fact of "getting fluids through the nose" during feeding and that this had started after performing a residual root exodon of element 16. It also reported that after the exodontia, an attempt was made to close the buccosinusal fistula through the repositioning of the vestibular flap and no success was achieved. After 45 days of conditioning the maxillary sinus mucosa through irrigations with saline solution and 0.12% chlorhexidine, the patient was proposed and the buccosinusal fistula was closed using the Bichat Adipose Body. Conclusion: Today, in order to achieve the high success rate in the closure of buscossinusal communications, we use the Bichat Adipose Body, because it is a simple procedure and provides satisfactory results for the patient.

Influência da extração na instalação imediata e estabilidade primária de implantes osseointegrados para reabilitação total: estudo clínico retrospectivo com 40 pacientes e 162 implantes / The influence of tooth extraction on the immediate implant placement and stability for complete mandibular rehabilitation: a clinical retrospective study with 40 patients and 162 dental implants

Objetivo: verificar a influência das exodontias realizadas no mesmo momento da instalação dos implantes osteointegráveis (IO) na frequência de complicações pós-operatórias e a estabilidade primária desses implantes. Material e métodos: mediante análise dos prontuários dos pacientes tratados na APCD (Bauru-SP), foram selecionados e comparados dois grupos de pacientes que necessitavam de reabilitação oral total de mandíbula. Grupo I: pacientes submetidos à exodontia prévia à instalação de IO (N:13). Grupo II: pacientes submetidos à exodontia e instalação de implantes no mesmo momento (N:27). No grupo I, dos 13 pacientes tratados, 12 (91,67%) foram submetidos à carga imediata (52 implantes). No grupo II, 24 (88,89%) dos 27 pacientes (110 implantes) alcançaram os parâmetros necessários de estabilidade inicial. Resultados: a comparação entre os grupos apontou maior frequência de complicações no grupo II, no qual foram perdidos dois implantes osteointegráveis (1,82%). Conclusão: as extrações realizadas no mesmo momento da instalação dos IO podem contribuir para maior incidência de perda das fixações. Assim, deve-se esclarecer aos pacientes as limitações, vantagens e desvantagens do tratamento com carga imediata.

Objectives: to verify the influence of tooth extraction and immediate implant placement on the frequency of postoperative complications and primary implant stability. Material and methods: upon reviewing of the dental charts of patients treated at APCD (Bauru- SP), two groups were selected based on their need of mandibular implant restorations. Group I: those submitted to tooth extraction and later receiving dental implant placement (N=13); Group II: patients submitted to extraction and implant placement in the same time (N=27). In Group I, 13 patients (91.67%) were submitted to immediate loading (52 implants). In Group II, 24 patients (110 implants, 88,89%) achieved the pre-requisites of initial stability. Results: the frequency of complications was higher in Group II, with two implants lost (1.82%). Conclusion: tooth extraction and dental implant placement in the same day can contribute to more implant failures. Thus, patients need to educated regarding the limitations, advantages, and disadvantages of the immediate loading protocol as a treatment option.

Associação de implantes osseointegráveis e cirurgia ortognática na reabilitação total maxilar / Association of dental implants and orthognathic surgery in total maxillary rehabilitation

A reabilitação oral com implantes osseointegráveis (IO) em pacientes com severa atrofia maxilar é um desafio e, geralmente, o resultado é uma prótese com grande compensação, apresentando biomecânica desfavorável e dificuldade de higienização. Nesses casos, a associação da cirurgia ortognática à reabilitação com IO pode ser uma alternativa viável. Este trabalho descreve alguns casos clínicos de pacientes portadores de osso maxilar atrófico com relação maxilo-mandibular desfavorável, em que se optou pela associação dos IO e da cirurgia ortognática. A sequência reabilitadora foi composta de procedimentos reconstrutivos inlay e/ ou onlay (quando indicados), instalação de implantes osseointegráveis, confecção de prótese sem compensação em classe III e cirurgia ortognática bimaxilar para obtenção da oclusão ideal. Após o acompanhamento desses casos, pôde-se concluir que a reabilitação com implantes e cirurgia ortognática se mostra uma alternativa segura e previsível em caso de edentulismo total superior com grande discrepância maxilo-mandibular (AU).

Oral rehabilitation with osseointegrated implants (OI) in patients with severe maxillary atrophy is a challenge and, generally, the result is a prosthesis with great compensation, presenting unfavorable biomechanics and difficulty of oral hygiene. In these cases, orthognathic surgery and OI association can be a viable alternative. This paper describes some clinical cases of patients with atrophic maxilla and unfavorable maxillomandibular relationship, treated with OI and orthognathic surgery association. The rehabilitation sequence was composed by reconstructive inlay/onlay procedures (when indicated), osseointegrated implants installation and prosthesis manufacturing with outclass III compensation and bimaxillary orthognathic surgery to achieve ideal occlusion. After follow-up of these cases, it can be concluded that the rehabilitation using dental implants and orthognathic surgery shows to be a safe and predictable alternative in cases of complete upper edentulism with great maxillomandibular discrepancy (AU).

Possibilidades terapêuticas atuais para reabilitações implantossuportadas em mandíbulas atróficas / Current therapeutic possibilities for implant-supported rehabilitations in atrophic mandibles

A reabilitação implantossuportada de mandíbulas atróficas (MA) com severa reabsorção óssea torna-se um desafio tanto na parte cirúrgica, quanto na protética devido ao elevado risco de fratura da mandíbula durante a cirurgia para instalação dos implantes ou no pós- -operatório devido à carga mastigatória. O objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar as opções de tratamento em pacientes portadores de MAs que necessitam de reabilitação com implantes osteointegrados. Quando há um remanescente ósseo de 9mm uma das alternativas atuais de reabilitação nesta situação é o uso de implantes osteointegrados estreitos e curtos. Já, quando existe uma diminuição da altura mandibular menor que 8mm, as técnicas de reconstrução mandibular com enxertos ósseos e/ou placas de reconstrução mandibular concomitantemente à instalação de Implantes Osteointegrados pode ser necessária. A escolha da técnica a ser empregada para a reconstrução mandibular deve ser indicada de acordo com a magnitude da atrofia (AU)

The implant-supported rehabilitation of atrophic mandibles (AM) with severe bone resorption is a challenge for both the surgical and prosthetics procedures, due to the high risk of mandible fracture during implant surgery or post-operatively due to masticatory load. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the treatment options for patients with AM that need rehabilitation with osseointegrated implants. When a bone hight of 9mm is present, the alternative in this case is the use of narrow and short osseointegrated implants. When the bone height is less than 8mm, mandibular reconstruction techniques with bone grafts or mandibular reconstruction plates used simultaneously with osseointegrated implants may be required. The choice of the technique to be used for mandibular reconstruction should be indicated according to the atrophy magnitude (AU)

Ameloblastoma desmoplásico: revisão de literatura / Desmoplastic ameloblastoma: review of the literature

O ameloblastoma desmoplásico é uma variante dos ameloblastomas e caracteriza-se por estroma densamente colagenizado e permeado por pequenas ilhas e cordões de epitélio tumoral odontogênico com pouca tendência para formar estruturas císticas. Clinicamente apresenta-se como um aumento volumétrico facial indolor localizado predominantemente na região anterior da mandíbula; possui pequena predileção pelo sexo masculino e baixa incidência entre os tumores odontogênicos. Radiograficamente é descrito como uma lesão radiolúcida de limites pouco nítidos, semelhante a bolhas de sabão e que pode mimetizar lesões fibro-ósseas. Reabsorção radicular e neoformação óssea podem estar presentes. A tomografia computadorizada e a ressonância magnética nuclear são exames de imagem úteis para o planejamento do tratamento, principalmente devido às margens mal definidas da neoplasia. O tratamento é controverso, mas a maioria dos autores corrobora a necessidade de excisão com adequada margem de tecidos não envolvidos devido ao alto índice de recidivas. Assim, esse trabalho teve como propósito revisar a literatura pertinente ressaltando as especificidades dessa lesão rara. De acordo com a literatura consultada pudemos concluir que as particularidades dessa variedade de ameloblastoma devem ser conhecidas e que, apesar da controvérsia, o tratamento mais seguro ainda é a ressecção com margens de aproximademente 1 cm...

The desmoplastic ameloblastoma is a variant of ameloblastomas and is characterized by densely collagenized stroma and permeated by small islands and strands of odontogenic tumor epithelium with little tendency to form cystic structures. Clinically presents as a painless facial volumetric increase localized predominantly in the anterior mandible; there is a little preference for male and low incidence among odontogenic tumors. Is described radiographically as a radiolucent lesion with ill-defined borders, similar to soap bubbles and can mimic fibro-osseous lesions. Root resorption and bone formation may be present. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance are useful exams for treatment planning, especially due to ill-defined margins of the neoplasm. Treatment is controversial, but most authors corroborates the need for excision with adequate margin of uninvolved tissue due to the high rate of recurrence. Thus, this work aimed to review the literature emphasizing the specifics of this rare lesion. According to the literature we concluded that the characteristics of this variety of ameloblastoma should be known and that despite the controversy, the safest treatment still is the resection with margins of approximately 1 cm...