The consumption of fish cooked by different methods was related to the risk of hyperuricemia in Japanese adults: A 3-year follow-up study.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Fish consumption is a recognized risk factor for elevated serum uric acid (UA) levels, hyperuricemia, and gout. However, the relationship between the consumption of fish cooked by different methods and the risk of hyperuricemia is unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relationship between the consumption of fish cooked by different methods and the risk of hyperuricemia in Japanese adults. METHODS AND RESULTS: A 3-year follow-up study was conducted with 424 Japanese adults aged 29-74 years. Fish consumption was assessed using a validated self-administered dietary history questionnaire, and hyperuricemia was defined as serum UA ≥7 mg/dL in men and ≥6 mg/dL in women or the use of any anti-gout treatment. During the 3-year follow-up period, we documented 30 newly diagnosed cases of hyperuricemia. After adjusting for potential confounders, multivariate logistic regressions analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between the risk of hyperuricemia and raw (sashimi and sushi) or roasted fish consumption, but not boiled or fried fish consumption. The odds ratios (95% CI) for hyperuricemia with increasing raw fish consumption were 1.00 (reference), 2.51 (0.85, 7.39), and 3.46 (1.07, 11.14) (P for trend: 0.036). Similarly, the odds ratios (95% CI) with increasing roasted fish consumption were 1.00 (reference), 3.00 (0.75, 11.89), and 5.17 (1.30, 20.62) (P for trend: 0.018). CONCLUSION: This 3-year follow-up study showed that the consumption of raw or roasted fish, but not boiled or fried fish, was related with a higher risk of hyperuricemia in Japanese adults.

High circulating adiponectin levels predict decreased muscle strength among older adults aged 70 years and over: A prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Population-based researches indicate that circulating adiponectin is inversely associated with muscle strength. However, interpretation of the findings has been limited by the use of a cross-sectional design. This study aimed to examine the prospective relationship between baseline circulating adiponectin concentration and change in muscular function-related physical performance in older adults. METHODS AND RESULTS: A 1-year prospective cohort study of Japanese community-dwelling elderly was conducted between 2002 and 2003. Four hundred thirty-four older persons participated in the measurements of physical function, including leg extension power, functional reach, timed up-and-go test, and 10-m maximum walking speed, at baseline and follow-up. After adjustment for potential covariates, higher serum adiponectin concentration was found to be significantly associated with poorer physical performance at baseline (leg extension power [watt], P < 0.001; functional reach [cm], P < 0.001; log timed up-and-go test, P = 0.007; log 10-m maximum walking speed, P < 0.001). The results of the prospective analysis by analysis of covariance indicated that the elderly with higher serum adiponectin concentrations (tertiles) at baseline tended to have a decreased performance in leg extension power (means [95% confidence interval]: lowest, -105 [-125, -85.7]; middle, -117 [-135, -97.8]; highest, -140 [-160, -120], watt, P for trend = 0.021) and timed up-and-go test (lowest, -0.08 [-0.28, -0.12]; middle, -0.10 [-0.29, 0.10]; highest, 0.28 [0.07, 0.48], s, P for trend = 0.019), but not two other functioning. CONCLUSION: High circulating adiponectin concentration may be an indicator of decreased physical performance, especially muscle strength, in older adults.

Breakfast consumption frequency is associated with grip strength in a population of healthy Japanese adults.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Several studies have reported that regular consumption of breakfast is associated with health benefits. However, only a few studies have examined the association between frequency of breakfast consumption and muscular function. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the association between frequency of breakfast consumption and muscle strength among apparently healthy Japanese adults. METHODS AND RESULTS: A cross-sectional study design was used. Between 2008 and 2011 in Sendai, Japan, 1415 Japanese adult employees (1069 men and 346 women) aged between 19 and 83 years participated in the study. Grip strength, as measured by a handheld digital dynamometer, was used as an indicator of muscle strength. Frequency of breakfast consumption during the previous month was assessed using a brief self-administered dietary history questionnaire, and the results were divided into three categories for analysis: low (≤2 days week⁻¹), middle (3-5 days week⁻¹) and high (≥6 days week⁻¹). Multivariate analysis was performed using analysis of covariance, with covariates mainly including socio-demographic, lifestyle-related and health-related factors. After adjusting for several potential confounders, grip strength was shown to be positively associated with breakfast consumption frequency (geometric means, 95% confidence interval (CI): low frequency, 36.2 (35.7-36.8) kg; middle frequency, 36.7 (36.0-37.5) kg; high frequency, 37.0 (36.6-37.5) kg; P for trend = 0.03). Grip strength per kilogramme body weight (kg kg⁻¹) was also positively associated with frequency of breakfast consumption (P for trend = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: This cross-sectional study reveals a positive association between breakfast consumption frequency and muscle strength in apparently healthy adults.

Inverse association between circulating adiponectin levels and skeletal muscle strength in Japanese men and women.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Increased levels of circulating adiponectin in the elderly cause a negative impact on physical function and health status, which suggests that circulating adiponectin may be related to skeletal muscle function. However, data on the relationship between circulating adiponectin levels and skeletal muscle function is limited. Our objective was to investigate the association between serum adiponectin levels and muscle strength in adults. METHODS AND RESULTS: This cross-sectional study is a part of the Oroshisho Study of adult employees in Japan from 2008 to 2011. In our study, we used data gathered in 2008-2010 that had included serum adiponectin measurements (n = 1378; age, 19-83 years). From this population, 1259 subjects were evaluated for grip strength (949 men, 310 women), and 965 subjects were evaluated for leg extension power (716 men, 249 women). Multivariate linear regression analyses showed that adiponectin was associated significantly and negatively with both grip strength (ß and standard error [SE]: men, -0.09 [0.01], p = 0.010; women, -0.20 [0.03], kg, p = 0.002) and leg extension power (men, -0.09 [0.02], p = 0.014; women, -0.14 [0.07], W, p = 0.032) after adjusting for age, physical activity, nutrient intake, depressive symptoms, metabolic syndrome, C-reactive protein, body mass index, and other lifestyle-related potential confounders. CONCLUSION: This population-based cross-sectional study indicates an inverse association between serum adiponectin levels and muscle strength in adults. Further studies are necessary to confirm this association and to clarify causality.

Oral health behavior and metabolic syndrome and its components in adults.

Inflammation has been strongly related to metabolic syndrome (MetS). Periodontal disease is the most common chronic infection in adults. We investigated a cross-sectional (n = 925) and 3-year longitudinal (n = 685) relationship between the daily frequency of toothbrushing and MetS. In the cross-sectional analysis, the prevalence of MetS was 15.7%. After adjustment for potential confounding factors (including all lifestyle factors), the odds ratios (95% confidence interval [CI]) of having MetS in those who brushed 2 times/day and ≥ 3 times/day were 0.71 (0.48-1.05) and 0.47 (0.24-0.92), respectively, as compared with ratios in those with a toothbrushing frequency of ≤ 1 time/day. Increasing toothbrushing frequency tended to relate inversely to hypertriglyceridemia and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. In the longitudinal analysis, 99 participants were newly diagnosed with MetS. The adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) of the MetS in participants who brushed 2 times/day and ≥ 3 times/day as compared with participants who brushed ≤ 1 time/day were 0.80 (0.49-1.31) and 0.43 (0.19-0.97), respectively. The frequency of toothbrushing was related inversely only to hypertriglyceridemia, consistent with the cross-sectional analysis. This study found that more frequent toothbrushing is related to a lower prevalence and incidence of MetS. These results suggest that more frequent toothbrushing may contribute to the prevention of MetS due to the inflammation/triglyceride pathway.

Skin advanced glycation end-product accumulation is negatively associated with calcaneal osteo-sono assessment index among non-diabetic adult Japanese men.

UNLABELLED: This study aims to determine the relationship between advanced glycation end-product (AGE) accumulation in skin tissue and bone strength, assessed by quantitative ultrasound, among healthy adult Japanese men. The results of the study suggest that men with higher AGE accumulation in skin tissue have a lower osteo-sono assessment index. INTRODUCTION: AGE accumulate in bone collagen with age and diabetes and decrease the mechanical properties of bone. Although increased AGE levels are associated with fractures among diabetic patients and elderly women, it is unclear whether a relationship between increased AGE levels and bone strength is present in apparently healthy adult males. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between AGE accumulation in tissue and the mechanical properties of bone among adult Japanese men, using quantitative ultrasound as a surrogate measure of the latter. METHODS: Skin autofluorescence (AF), which is a noninvasive method for measuring tissue AGEs, and osteo-sono assessment index (OSI), which is determined by quantitative ultrasound, were measured in 193 adult Japanese men (median age 43 years; interquartile range 37.0-55.0 years). RESULTS: Adjusted for age, BMI, calcium intake, physical activity, smoking status, and education level, log-transformed skin AF had a negative association with log-transformed OSI (ß = -0.218, P < 0.01). Adjusted geometric means (95% CI) for OSI across the tertiles of skin AF were 2.81 (2.75-2.87) for the lowest tertile, 2.81 (2.74-2.87) for the middle tertile, and 2.66 (2.61-2.73) for the highest tertile; thus, OSI for the highest skin AF appeared to be 5.0% lower than that for the lowest and middle skin AF tertiles (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Among apparently healthy adult Japanese men, those with higher skin AF had a lower OSI, indicating a relationship between AGE accumulation and bone strength. A long-term prospective study is required to clarify the causality.