[Use of detergents for elimination of non-specific reactions of monoclonal antibodies]. / Primenenie detergentov dlia ustraneniia nespetsificheskogo reagirovaniia monoklonal'nykh antitel.

The purpose of the case study was elaboration of methods for removing the false-positive results in the detection of virus antigens that cause acute respiratory lesions both in the plane and dot-membrane variations of immune-enzyme assays of monoclonal antibodies. Modeled experiments showed that the non-specific staining of biological samples, in which the above viral antigen are looked for, is preconditioned by a direct reaction of the substrate with its own oxidizing enzymes and by the binding of monoclonal antibodies with biological macromolecules free of any viral adherence and sorbated in the solid phase. Approaches to solving such issues are described in the paper. They comprise the inhibition of the own oxidizing activity of wash-outs by the substrate and the application of detergents. Different detergents were comparatively analyzed and the optimal compounds were chosen for each variation of immune-enzyme test-systems. The described techniques ensure more reliable results in the viral antigen detection by immune-enzyme assay.

[Analysis of etiology of influenza-like morbidity and monitoring influenza epidemic of 1998-1999 by laboratory diagnosis methods]. / Analiz étiologicheskoi struktury grippopodobnoi zabolevaemosti i monitoring épidemii grippa 1998-1999 gg. s ispol'zovaniem metodov laboratornoi diagnostiki.

The etiological structure of influenza-like was analyzed in the population in cities and towns and in Russia as a whole in November 1998 to April 1999 by the findings of immunofluorescence and serological surveys of patients with acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI). By the results of both tests, the proportion of the incidence of influenza A (H3N2) was largest, the decreasing order in their significance was as follows: adenoviruses, type 3 parainfluenza virus, RSV, influenza B virus, influenza A(H1N1), types 2 and 1 parainfluenza virus. All influenza viruses A(H1N1) were isolated in Samara in February 1999. Three of them were similar to the reference strain A/Johannesburg/82/96 in antigenic properties, two strains appeared to be its drift variants. No A/Beijing/262/95 (H1N1)-like viruses recommended for incorporation as part of vaccines were detected. All influenza A(H3N2) viruses were drift variants of strain A/Sydney/05/97, and all influenza B viruses were similar to the reference strain B/Harbin/07/94 in antigenic structure.

[Isolation and characteristics of anti-adenovirus monoclonal antibodies in immunoenzyme and immunofluorescent reactions]. / Poluchenie i kharakteristika monoklonal'nykh antitel k adenobirusu v immunofermentnykh i immunofluorestsentnykh reaktsiiakh.

New monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to adenovirus hexon, highly active in ELISA and immunofluorescent analysis, were prepared. According to competitive ELISA, new MAbs differed in their blocking activity and were directed to 2 different hexon epitopes. MAb 3H8 did not modify antigen binding of the rest MAbs labeled with peroxidase (PAb x Pox), and none of unlabeled MAbs suppressed the reaction of MAb x Pox 3H8. MAbs 1E8 7F1, 1E11, and 3B1 reacted with each other but differed by the spectrum and level of competitive inhibition, which indicated that they were directed to different epitopes of adenovirus hexon. Comparison of the specific activity of MAbs 7F1 and 1E8 in direct immunofluorescent detection of adenovirus antigens in infected cell cultures and clinical materials from patients showed a good coincidence (90-97%) of the results with the IMAGEN Adenovirus test (Dako) and with polyclonal FITC conjugates to adenovirus hexon.

[The etiological structure of the morbidity from influenza and other ARDs on the territory of Russia in the season of 1997-1998]. / Etiologicheskaia struktura zabolevaemosti grippom i drugimi ORZ na territorii Rossii, sezon 1997--1998 gg.

The antigenic properties of 51 strains of influenza virus A(H1N1), isolated in different cities of Russia during the epidemic of 1998, were studied. Most of these strains (49) proved to be similar to virus A/Bern/07/95 in the antigenic structure of hemagglutinin, but 2 strains isolated in Ulan-Ude were found to be closely related to new antigenic variants of this virus: A/Beijing/262/95 and A/Fukuoka/c7/98. The analysis of the antigenic structure of influenza-like diseases (ILD) in different cities of Russia revealed that adenoviruses causing up to 10.9-14.6% of all acute respiratory virus infections dominated at the pre- and post-epidemic periods. RS-viruses, parainfluenza viruses of types 2 and 3 circulated during the whole season (their proportion was 5.1-6.6%). The intensity of the circulation of influenza viruses A(H1N1) and A(H3N2) increased, starting from January, and continued till April 1998; its peak was observed in February-March in most of the cities of Russia (up to 37.5-41.6% according to the results of immunofluorescent diagnostics and 53-73% of ILD according to the results of the hemagglutination inhibition test). The occurrence of influenza B during this season was very low.

[Characteristics of monoclonal antibodies to RS virus in immunoenzyme and immunofluorescence techniques]. / Kharakteristika monoklonal'nykh antitel k RS-virusu v immunofermentnykh i immunofliuorestsentnykh reaktsiiakh.

According to the competitive ELISA test data, new preparations of monoclonal antibodies (MAb) to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) differed in their blocking activity and they were directed to 3 different virus epitopes. MAb 9C5 and MAb 131-2A (CDC, Atlanta) competed against each other strongly and they were directed to epitope F1a of RSV F-protein. MAbs 8C5 and 10D8 showed a two-way blocking and were presumably topologically linked. MAb 8B10 did not compete against other MAbs. The fact that MAbs 8B10, 9C5, and 10D8 may be used in indirect ELISA test to detect RSV antigens was shown. The specific activity of MAbs 9C5 was observed, by applying low antibody concentrations to ng/mg. The highest specific activity using the homologous pair MAbs-con 9C5 and 8C5 was observed in direct ELISA employing MAbs for capture and peroxidase conjugate of MAbs for detection. MAbs 8B10 were successfully used for direct (FITC-conjugate of MAbs) and indirect immunofluorescence detection of RSV antigens in the infected cell cultures and clinical materials from patients.