[Impact on renal function of an early switch from conventional to liposomal amphotericin B formulation in the empirical treatment of fungal infections]. / Impact sur la fonction rénale d'un relais précoce de la formulation conventionnelle de l'amphotéricine B par sa formulation liposomale dans le cadre d'un traitement empirique antifongique (Etude Nephemat).

OBJECTIVE: The authors had for aim to define the threshold of nephrotoxicity before switching to other antifungal treatment in hematological patients treated by conventional amphotericin B (AmB) as an empiric antifungal treatment. DESIGN: A prospective randomised multicenter study was made on 32 neutropenic hematological patients receiving conventional AmB for empirical antifungal treatment. The patients were randomised after a greater than or equal to 30% increase of serum creatinine (sCr). Patients in the early-switch group received liposomal AmB just after randomisation and patients in the late-switch group received liposomal AmB only when serum creatinine increase was greater or equal to 100% or sCr reached 170mumol/L. RESULTS: Thirty-one patients were analysed: 16 patients in the early-switch group and 15 patients in the late-switch group (seven switched to liposomal AmB and eight continued conventional AmB treatment). The mean age of patients was 48 years and 68% were men. The most frequent underlying haematological malignancy was acute leukemia (94%). In the late-switch group, the degradation of renal function continued after randomisation contrary to the early-switch group: median variations of calculated sCr clearance in early- and late-switch groups were -16.8 and -1.5%, respectively (P=0.03). Moreover, an early switch was cost-effective with a sCr lower duration of hospitalisation in comparison with a late switch. CONCLUSIONS: This randomised trial suggests that an early switch to Liposomal AmB improves and preserves renal function in comparison with a late switch.