Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 13 de 13
Filter
1.
Indian J Pharmacol ; 47(5): 491-5, 2015.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26600636

ABSTRACT

AIMS: This study compared the effectiveness of prophylactic administration of topical flurbiprofen 0.03% and nepafenac 0.1% in maintaining mydriasis during small incision cataract surgery (SICS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was a prospective, randomized, double-blind comparative study in adult cataract patients given topical flurbiprofen or nepafenac prior to SICS and capsular bag intraocular lens (IOL) implantation at a tertiary care hospital. Horizontal and vertical diameters of pupil were measured at the beginning and end of surgery, and the mean values were compared across the two groups. Unpaired t-test and Fisher's exact test were used to analyse the results. RESULTS: A total of 70 eyes of cataract surgery patients, 33 males and 37 females, with a mean age of 58.5 ± 11.24 years, were included in the study. The mean horizontal and vertical diameters of the two groups were similar at the start of surgery. Significant differences were seen after IOL implantation, with the nepafenac group having the larger mean diameters in both horizontal (P = 0.03) and vertical (P = 0.04) pupillary measurements. CONCLUSIONS: Topical nepafenac has been shown to be a more effective inhibitor of meiosis during SICS and provides a more stable mydriatic effect compared to topical flurbiprofen.


Subject(s)
Benzeneacetamides/administration & dosage , Cataract Extraction/methods , Flurbiprofen/administration & dosage , Mydriatics/administration & dosage , Phenylacetates/administration & dosage , Administration, Ophthalmic , Aged , Double-Blind Method , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Ophthalmic Solutions , Preoperative Care/methods , Prospective Studies
3.
Indian J Pharmacol ; 45(3): 223-6, 2013.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23833362

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To determine the aqueous and plasma concentrations of moxifloxacin administered topically alone and with flurbiprofen in patients undergoing cataract surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 50 subjects scheduled for routine cataract surgery were randomly allocated to two groups (n = 25 each). Group-1 patients were treated with topical moxifloxacin alone: One drop 6 times/day for 3 days before surgery and one drop 4 times on the day of surgery: Group-2 patients were treated with topical moxifloxacin as in Group-1 and with topical flurbiprofen: One drop 4 times/day for 3 days before and on the day of surgery. The interval between two drugs was 30 min for last 3 days and 15 min on the day of surgery. Last dose was administered 1 h before aqueous humor and blood sampling for both the groups. The antibiotic concentration in aqueous humor and plasma were determined by using high performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: The mean concentration of moxifloxacin in aqueous humor was 1.71 ± 0.82 mg/ml in Group-1 and 2.39 ± 1.34 mg/ml in Group-2. Concentrations of moxifloxacin in aqueous humor were significantly higher in Group-2 than that of Group-1. CONCLUSION: Flurbiprofen may increase the concentration of moxifloxacin in aqueous humor.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/blood , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage , Aqueous Humor/metabolism , Aza Compounds/blood , Cataract Extraction , Flurbiprofen/administration & dosage , Quinolines/blood , Administration, Topical , Aged , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacokinetics , Aza Compounds/administration & dosage , Aza Compounds/pharmacokinetics , Drug Therapy, Combination , Female , Fluoroquinolones , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Moxifloxacin , Quinolines/administration & dosage , Quinolines/pharmacokinetics
4.
J Indian Med Assoc ; 110(4): 253-4, 2012 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23025228

ABSTRACT

Scopulariopsis brevicaulis is a saprophytic fungus, found in soil. It causes human nail infection. Corneal ulcer with this organism is unusual. Here a case of a 36-year-old farmer is reported who developed a paracentral corneal ulcer in the right eye. The ulcer was caused by mixed infection with Staphylococcus aureus and Scopulariopsis brevicaulis. It was treated with topical natamycin 5% and moxifloxacin 0.5% drops. This is a unique case of corneal ulcer with mixed infection of Staphylococcus aureus and Scopulariopsis brevicaulis without any history of trauma, which was treated successfully, resulting in a minimal corneal opacity.


Subject(s)
Corneal Ulcer/microbiology , Eye Infections/diagnosis , Scopulariopsis/isolation & purification , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Adult , Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use , Aza Compounds/therapeutic use , Corneal Ulcer/drug therapy , Eye Infections/drug therapy , Fluoroquinolones , Humans , Male , Moxifloxacin , Natamycin/therapeutic use , Quinolines/therapeutic use , Staphylococcal Infections/diagnosis , Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy
5.
Indian J Ophthalmol ; 60(2): 105-7, 2012.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22446904

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate whether transformation of the naso-lacrimal passage as happens after dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) operation has any effect on the systemic adverse effects of topically administered timolol maleate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty otherwise healthy adult patients without any prior history of cardiac or pulmonary problems scheduled for elective DCR surgery received a drop of timolol maleate 0.5% on the healthy eye. This eye served as a control. Six weeks after successful DCR surgery, the operated eye received the same medication. Parameters compared included intraocular pressure (IOP), pulse rate, blood pressure and forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) findings. OBSERVATIONS: Post DCR patients showed an increased incidence of reduced pulse rate and FEV1. CONCLUSION: Timolol maleate ophthalmic preparation should be used with caution in post-DCR patients.


Subject(s)
Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/adverse effects , Dacryocystorhinostomy/adverse effects , Intraocular Pressure/drug effects , Ocular Hypertension/chemically induced , Timolol/adverse effects , Administration, Topical , Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/pharmacokinetics , Adult , Contraindications , Female , Humans , Male , Ophthalmic Solutions , Timolol/pharmacokinetics
6.
Indian J Ophthalmol ; 58(2): 148-50, 2010.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20195040

ABSTRACT

Takayasu's arteritis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the large and medium-sized arteries. It commonly involves the aorta with its branches and the pulmonary arteries. The retinal hemodynamics suggest that the carotid artery involvement causes diminished retinal blood flow. This is the pathogenetic mechanism of Takayasu's retinopathy with characteristic features of microaneurysms, arterio-venous anastomosis and non-perfused retinal areas. Our case presented as branch retinal artery occlusion with collaterals and iris neovascularization. The branch retinal artery, a small retinal artery occlusion in our case is an unusual presenting feature of Takayasu's aorto-arteritis.


Subject(s)
Retinal Artery Occlusion/etiology , Takayasu Arteritis/diagnosis , Adolescent , Female , Humans , Takayasu Arteritis/complications
7.
J Indian Med Assoc ; 108(12): 829-32, 2010 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21661458

ABSTRACT

Prescription audit is a powerful tool for rational prescription. To evaluate pharmaco-epidemiology of drugs utilised for cataract surgery, a retrospective study was conducted in the department of pharmacology, RG Kar Medical College, Kolkata. Data from bed head tickets of one year, available in medical record section, were collected in case report forms and analysed. Utilisation pattern of drugs like dosage form, dose, route and frequency of administration and duration of therapy were audited. Drug prescription versus therapeutic indication was also evaluated. Price of the prescribed drugs was evaluated for rationality towards cost-effective prescription. For 848 cases of cataract surgery, drugs were prescribed pre-, per- and post-operatively. Different fluoroquinolone antibiotics, anti-inflammatory and mydriatic-cycloplegic agents were prescribed. High or low cost drugs were prescribed both in generic (52%) and brand (48%) names. Few Latin abbreviations were used in directions. Different parameters and study results were discussed from various aspects to explore their social impacts. Though prescription pattern was almost rational, some parts need improvement. Healthcare provider should be aware of cost-effectiveness of the prescribed drugs for the benefit of patients to provide a rational prescription.


Subject(s)
Cataract Extraction , Drug Utilization/statistics & numerical data , Pharmacoepidemiology , Aged , Cohort Studies , Hospitals, Public , Hospitals, University , Humans , India , Medical Audit , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies
8.
J Indian Med Assoc ; 108(9): 568-70, 2010 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21510528

ABSTRACT

Indiscriminate use of organophosphorus compounds (OPC) increases the potential threat of self-poisoning and death. To make a conclusive diagnosis on academic interest a retrospective record-based study was undertaken. Postautopsy studies were carried out on 100 victims of OPC poisoning by collecting data from following 3 sources: Medicolegal autopsy reports, inquest reports, and inpatient case sheets. Mode of ingestion of OPC was to commit suicide. Incidence was more in 20 to 30 years age group, in females and in urban area. Diagnosis was confirmed by history of poison exposure, clinically well-defined cholinergic effects, and characteristic autopsy findings. Early and correct identification of the cause of poisoning enables specific treatment. Restrictions on access of very toxic pesticides through national policies and enforcement, public education on storage and safe use, early recognition of poisoning, and appropriate medical management may reduce the incidence of poisoning and death.


Subject(s)
Organophosphate Poisoning , Suicide/statistics & numerical data , Adult , Autopsy , Cause of Death , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Organophosphorus Compounds/pharmacology , Poisoning/diagnosis , Poisoning/physiopathology , Retrospective Studies , Young Adult
9.
J Indian Med Assoc ; 108(11): 778-80, 2010 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21510579

ABSTRACT

Cortical blindness is defined as visual failure with preserved pupillary reflexes in structurally intact eyes due to bilateral lesions affecting occipital cortex. Bilateral oedema and infarction of the posterior and middle cerebral arterial territory, trauma, glioma and meningioma of the occipital cortex are the main causes of cortical blindness. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) refers to the reversible subtype of cortical blindness and is usually associated with hypertension, diabetes, immunosuppression, puerperium with or without eclampsia. Here, 3 cases of PRES with complete or partial visual recovery following treatment in 6-month follow-up are reported.


Subject(s)
Blindness, Cortical/diagnosis , Blindness, Cortical/drug therapy , Hypertensive Encephalopathy/diagnosis , Hypertensive Encephalopathy/drug therapy , Adolescent , Aged , Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use , Female , Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use , Humans , Male , Syndrome , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
10.
J Indian Med Assoc ; 107(4): 219-22, 2009 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19810365

ABSTRACT

A randomised study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of four topical medications individually and in combination to treat grade I acne vulgaris which is characterised by mild lesions (< 10 in one side of face) consisting of predominantly comedones with occasional pustules in oily skin. Maintaining the inclusion and exclusion criteria 100 patients were selected and divided into 5 groups to receive different topical drugs at random basis in the dermatology OPD. Topical medication given to them is mentioned below against each group: Group I--retinonic acid, group II--benzoyl peroxide, group III--clindamycin, group IV--cleanser and group V--all the four medications. The patients were observed for reduction in number of comedones, suppression of papulopustules with healing rate, effects on facial skin, and rate of recurrence. Results were observed according to the groups. In group I old acne was reduced in size and gradually cleared off (80%). Recurrence was few with appearance of new microcomedones which were cleared off within short time. Skin became smoother and fresh. Texture became lighter in colour. In group II whiteheads were reduced at about 70% in number. Rate of recurrence was normal. Skin became rough and dry. In group III pustular acne healed better and faster. In group IV acne of oily skin healed better and faster. Rate of recurrence was normal. Skin became fresh and oil-free. In group V reduction of lesions was very much significant (90%) with quick healing rate of the comedones. Recurrence was normal but delayed. Skin became smoother, finer and fresher. So, combination therapy is better. Cleanser is always helpful even without medications.


Subject(s)
Acne Vulgaris/drug therapy , Benzoyl Peroxide/administration & dosage , Clindamycin/administration & dosage , Detergents/administration & dosage , Tretinoin/administration & dosage , Acne Vulgaris/diagnosis , Administration, Topical , Adolescent , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Dermatologic Agents/administration & dosage , Drug Therapy, Combination , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Severity of Illness Index , Treatment Outcome , Young Adult
11.
J Indian Med Assoc ; 107(1): 30, 32-3, 2009 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19588685

ABSTRACT

Anterior chamber aspirate cultures were done in 57 patients who underwent uncomplicated manual small incision cataract surgery with posterior chamber intra-ocular lens implantation. The aspirates were collected at the time of wound closures. The specimens were immediately inoculated into blood agar, chocolate agar and thioglycolate broth. The cultures were incubated at 37 degrees C with 5% CO2 and held for 5 days. Out of 57 patients 8 (14%) had culture positive anterior chamber aspirates. Coagulase negative staphylococcus was the commonest (62%). No anaerobic organism was detected. None of the eyes developed endophthalmitis. The study concluded that the strict aseptic measures, the antimicrobial property of the aqueous humour or small inoculum size could be the possible factors to prevent fulminating infection.


Subject(s)
Anterior Chamber/microbiology , Cataract Extraction/adverse effects , Endophthalmitis/microbiology , Eye Infections, Bacterial/microbiology , Surgical Wound Infection/diagnosis , Aged , Anterior Chamber/pathology , Bacteria/isolation & purification , Endophthalmitis/pathology , Eye Infections, Bacterial/pathology , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Surgical Wound Infection/microbiology
12.
J Indian Med Assoc ; 105(12): 704-5, 2007 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18478732

ABSTRACT

Conjunctival intra-epithelial neoplasia is a disease of the elderly but recently this ocular surface tumour has been observed in younger age group specially who are serologically human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive. Here a case of conjunctival intra-epithelial neoplasia of a 38-year-old male who was HIV-positive from Kolkata is reported. The patient presented with a growth at limbus in his left eye. Excision of the mass under local anaesthesia was done. Biopsy report confirmed conjunctival intra-epithelial neoplasia. The serological tests for HIV were found positive.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma/complications , Conjunctival Neoplasms/complications , HIV Seropositivity/complications , Adult , Carcinoma/pathology , Carcinoma/surgery , Conjunctival Neoplasms/pathology , Conjunctival Neoplasms/surgery , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Limbus Corneae , Male
13.
J Indian Med Assoc ; 104(7): 401-3, 407, 2006 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17240815

ABSTRACT

Leprosy, a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, affects peripheral nerves and skin. Eye is also frequently affected, partial or total loss of vision is especially tragic in leprosy. But ocular leprosy is still neglected by the leprosy workers due to lack of knowledge, and is also often overlooked even by the ophthalmologists. Here, an update review of ocular leprosy has been attempted regarding its epidemiology, clinical features, pathology, management and prevention under one umbrella.


Subject(s)
Eye Infections, Bacterial/diagnosis , Eye Infections, Bacterial/therapy , Leprosy/diagnosis , Leprosy/therapy , Eye Infections, Bacterial/epidemiology , Humans , Leprosy/epidemiology
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL
...